Abstract：
AIMS:Ward physicians hold key positions in the course of efforts to reduce drug expenditures in hospitals. This study evaluated the knowledge of German hospital physicians with respect to the daily therapeutic costs of 21 frequently used drugs. METHODS:A questionnaire survey was carried out among 168 ward physicians from university and municipal hospital departments of internal medicine. RESULTS:One hundred and twenty-seven physicians returned a completed questionnaire, a response rate of 75.6%. On average the physicians successfully identified both low cost and expensive drugs. The prices of inexpensive and moderately expensive drugs were generally overestimated whereas those for the expensive and highly expensive drugs were underestimated in 35% and 68% of respondents, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The results of this survey of German hospital physicians suggest that a more economically efficient use of drugs could be achieved by an improved knowledge of daily therapeutic costs.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Schnurrer JU,Stichtenoth DO,Troost R,Frölich JCdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2125.2001.01336.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
342-4issue
4eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125pii
bcp1336journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:1 Aspirin is partly hydrolyzed to salicylic acid during absorption. Absorbed aspirin is rapidly hydrolyzed systemically. Salicylic acid elimination kinetics are dependent on drug concentration due to the limited capacity of two major biotransformation pathways: formation of salicyluric acid and of salicylphenolic gluc...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01811.x
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of charcoal-drug ratio on the antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal was studied in six healthy volunteers in a randomized cross-over study and compared with the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal in vitro. Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 1 g and 5 g were ingested on an empty stomach in 30 ml of wat...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02712.x
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Double-blind controlled comparisons of nomifensine with placebo, imipramine, desipramine, viloxazine, nortriptyline, a combination of amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide, and diazepam have been carried out in various parts of the world. 2. Dosage ranged from 50-225 mg daily, and treatment lasted from 2-26 weeks. 3. ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb05759.x
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:It has been shown that the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of anthracyclines decrease with increasing cell density in vitro, an event termed 'the inocculum effect'. It is not known whether such an effect occurs in vivo. In this study the relationships between white blood cell (WBC) count, plasma and cellular conc...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03894.x
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:In experimental studies, morphine pharmacokinetics is different in the brain compared with other tissues due to the properties of the blood-brain barrier, including action of efflux pumps. It was hypothesized in this clinical study that active efflux of morphine occurs also in human brain, and that brain injury wo...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02032.x
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To construct a population pharmacokinetic model for methadone enantiomers in the setting of methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. METHODS:A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using P-Pharm software for rac-, (R)- and (S)-methadone using data (8-13 plasma samples per subject) obtained f...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02079.x
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Recently, some cases have been reported where intravenous use of omeprazole was followed by loss of vision. We followed up a cohort of close to 140,000 persons during periods of treatment and non-treatment with five anti-ulcer drugs. 2. The relative risk of vascular disorders of the eye during use of omeprazole com...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.40211.x
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Codeine was administered rectally to thirteen infants and young children undergoing elective surgery. Nine infants (6-10 months old) received a 4 mg suppository and four children (3-4 years old) an 8 mg suppository. Codeine and its metabolite morphine were measured in plasma by GC/MS. 2. The mean concentrations of ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb03999.x
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:This analysis was performed to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of clomethiazole and its effect on the natural course of sedation in acute stroke patients using a nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach. METHODS:One thousand five hundred and forty-six acute stroke patients (774 on active treatment) ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.0306-5251.2003.01850.x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To assess the utility of human hepatic microsomes for predicting in vivo intrinsic clearance (CLint ) via the use of four cytochrome P450 2C9 substrates: phenytoin, tolbutamide (S)-ibuprofen (two pathways) and diclofenac, and to examine the role of exogenous albumin within the microsomal incubation. METHODS:V max...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00935.x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To study the effect of eprosartan, a nonbiphenyl tetrazole angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on digoxin pharmacokinetics in a randomized, open-label, two period, period balanced crossover study in 12 healthy men. METHODS:Each subject received a single 0.6 mg oral dose of digoxin (Lanoxicaps 0.2 mg/capsule, Glax...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.00608.x
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To determine the molecular basis of the intermediate extensive metaboliser (EM) CYP2D6 phenotype in healthy Gabonese subjects. METHODS:The CYP2D6 phenotype of 154 healthy Gabonese subjects was assessed by giving the subject a single dose of 30 mg dextromethorphan, and collecting their urine for the next 8 h. The ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00861.x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Nineteen pregnant patients whose mean arterial pressure (MAP) was persistently greater than or equal to 103.3 mmHg were given labetalol or methyldopa. 2 Singificant falls (P less than 0.001) in BP only occurred in the group treated with labetalol, and daily BP control was better in this group. 3 Two severely hyperte...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04784.x
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical studies comparing the response and side effects of various opioids have not been able to show robust differences between drugs. Hence, recommendations of the regulatory authorities have been driven by costs with a general tendency in many countries to restrict physician's use of opioids to morphine. Although ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04317.x
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voriconazole is an antifungal metabolised by CYP2C19 enzyme, which can be inhibited by proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). A prospective observational study was carried out to determine the influence of PPIs on voriconazole pharmacokinetic. The 78 patients included were divided into 4 groups: omeprazole (n = 32), pantopraz...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14267
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Isoxicam was found to inhibit monocyte and neutrophil cell chemotaxis at therapeutic concentrations. 2 The effect was observed after in vitro incubation of normal cells and in vivo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 3 Compared to other NSAIDs studied in our laboratory, isoxicam was shown to have a broader spectr...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02991.x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal (IN) and oral 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) were compared in 10 Chinese adults with central diabetes insipidus previously controlled on IN DDAVP. This was followed by comparison of the acute pharmacodynamics of commonly used oral preparations (con...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.39914.x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The anti-hypertensive effect of labetalol given twice or three times daily was evaluated in ambulant subjects with essential hypertension by recording blood pressure directly for 24 h before and after 15 d of labetalol administration (daily dose 600-1800 mg). 2 Labetalol reduced 24 h systolic and diastolic blood pre...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01886.x
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Forty-one patients with essential hypertension, stages I, II, and III, were treated with captopril alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. Forty two percent were responsive to captopril alone, while the remaining 58% also required the diuretic. The need for the diuretic was related to the phase of hyperten...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb02065.x
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：ADVERSE EVENT:Repeated and prolonged episodes of central apnoea and hypoxia after receiving intravenous morphine for analgesia and ketamine for sedation. DRUG IMPLICATED:Intravenous morphine sulfate. THE PATIENT:Previously healthy 12-year-old male with no history of sleep apnoea who presented with distal tibia and fi...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13779
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Two antitussive agents (+/-)-glaucine phosphate and codeine phosphate have been compared with placebo with respect to ventilation, ventilatory response to carbon dioxide, pulse, blood pressure, digit symbol substitution, sedation score and the Zahlen-Verbindung test performance in ten healthy volunteers (22-36 years...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb02028.x
更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of food on the release, absorption and metabolism of metoprolol has been studied after single administration of a 19/190 Oros system to eight healthy volunteers on four occasions, once after an overnight fast, and just before each of three daily meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner). The plasma concentrati...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02770.x
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The systemic effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP), administered via Diskhaler, on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed primarily by measuring plasma cortisol at frequent intervals for 20 h after drug administration. 2. FP showed a dose-related suppression of plasma cortisol measured ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04393.x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol were examined in two studies. In the first study, pharmacokinetics of single doses of metoprolol were examined in six subjects before, during and after ranitidine administration for 1 week. Peak concentrations of metoprolol were increased on ranitidine bu...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02634.x
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 This study was designed to compare in a double-blind randomized crossover trial, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol and pindolol. Considerable differences in dose (atenolol 138 +/- 13 mg daily; labetalol 308 +/- 34 mg daily; metoprolol 234 +/- 22 mg daily; and pindolol 24 +/-2 mg daily were required to produce similar ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04774.x
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and are an important group of hypolipidaemic drugs, widely used in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular disease. Some studies have shown that statins are able to modulate inflammation and alveolar bone loss. METHODS:In o...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.12564
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Cimetidine has been reported to reduce serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in primary hyperparathyroidism, but some studies have reported negative findings. 2 A double-blind, controlled trial of cimetidine in this condition was, therefore, conducted. Eight patients were given cimetidine and placebo fo...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb04960.x
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The direct-acting vasodilator, endralazine, in combination with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker significantly reduced the blood pressures of normotensive volunteers and of patients with essential hypertension. The mean terminal elimination half-life for endralazine of 136 min in hypertensive patients did not differ signif...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02139.x
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve healthy volunteers were given orally placebo, itraconazole 100 mg or terbinafine 250 mg for 4 days. Midazolam 7.5 mg was ingested on the fourth day, after which plasma samples were collected and psychomotor performance tests carried out for 17 h. Itraconazole increased the area under the midazolam concentration...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine comprehensively the relationship between exposure to four classes of psychotropic drugs including antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs, and motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). METHOD:The authors conducted a matched case-control study of 5183 subjects with MVAs and 31 093 match...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04410.x
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
