Abstract：
:1. Codeine was administered rectally to thirteen infants and young children undergoing elective surgery. Nine infants (6-10 months old) received a 4 mg suppository and four children (3-4 years old) an 8 mg suppository. Codeine and its metabolite morphine were measured in plasma by GC/MS. 2. The mean concentrations of codeine at 3, 4 and 5 h after administration were 240, 163 and 123 nmol l-1 in the younger and 309, 251 and 169 nmol l-1 in the older patients. The corresponding concentrations of morphine were 8.3, 7.4 and 4.5 nmol l-1 and 6.8, 5.5 and 2.8 nmol l-1 respectively. One patient in each age group had no detectable amounts of morphine. 3. In the four children, the rectal dose was repeated 6-hourly for four doses. The plasma concentrations of codeine and morphine following the fifth dose were similar to those after the first dose. The mean AUC(0,5 h) of morphine was 1.6% that of codeine. 4. In the infants the mean plasma half-lives of codeine and morphine were 2.6 and 2.5 h. The two infants with the lowest body weights had the longest half-lives. 5. The mean morphine/codeine concentration ratio was 4.3% in the infants and 1.6% in the children, suggesting impaired glucuronidation of morphine in the former group. The hourly concentration ratios were almost identical following the first and fifth dose in the children. 6. We conclude that at the age of 6 months infants are capable of O-demethylating codeine to morphine.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Quiding H,Olsson GL,Boreus LO,Bondesson Udoi
10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb03999.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
45-9issue
1eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:1. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of home-medicated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) analgesics, using an electronic patient diary. Single doses of ketoprofen 25 mg and ketoprofen 50 mg were compared with ibuprofen 200 mg and placebo in the treatment of a single occasion of episodic...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.43613.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After oral administration of 100 mg dapsone (DDS) to 25 healthy volunteers peak serum DDS concentrations between 1.10 and 2.33 mg l-1 were reached within 0.5 to 4 h. AUCs varied from 20.3 to 75.4 mg l-1 h, while the elimination half-lives ranged from 11.5 to 29.2 h. The apparent volumes of distribution were 0.84 to 1....
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02924.x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The protein binding of seven non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, tolmetin, salicylic acid, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen and GP53,633) and warfarin was investigated by equilibrium dialysis in simultaneous samples of synovial fluid and plasma from 12 arthritic patients. 2 The protein binding of a...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01469.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The absorption kinetics of orally administered strontium chloride and its reproducibility were investigated in healthy volunteers after administering strontium either under fasting conditions (study I, n = 8) or in combination with a standardized meal (study II, n = 8). Each subject received strontium orally at day...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.33411.x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Flavonoids may affect platelet function by several mechanisms, including antagonism of TxA(2) receptors (TP). These TP are present in many tissues and modulate different signalling cascades. We explored whether flavonoids affect platelet TP signalling, and if they bind to TP expressed in other cell types. METHODS...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02881.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide to serum, albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) was determined and compared at drug concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 400 mg/l using equilibrium dialysis and liquid chromatography. The total binding of carbamazepine in serum was determined primarily b...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02496.x
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Angiotensin II is a putative mediator in bronchial asthma. There have been very few studies investigating the involvement of angiotensin II receptors in bronchial hyper-responsiveness in asthmatic patients. We examined the effect of candesartan cilexetil, a specific angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist,...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.t01-4-01689.x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of quinine in leg cramps occurring at rest was conducted in 22 elderly cramp sufferers. Despite demonstration of impaired quinine elimination in the elderly, prescription of the traditional dose of 300 mg quinine bisulphate at night failed to produce a significant (...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03076.x
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mirabegron is used for the treatment of symptoms associated with overactive bladder syndrome. It selectively stimulates the β3 -adrenoreceptor, which relaxes the detrusor muscle. This improves urine storage by distension of the bladder body. ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.12647
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Endothelins (ETs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of the orally active ETA selective receptor antagonist ABT-627 in healthy humans. METHODS:Healthy volunteers were included in...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00171.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol aggravates benzodiazepine-induced central nervous depression by pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic interactions and Ro 15-1788 reverses promptly the hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines. We therefore studied the acute effects of Ro 15-1788 on the ethanol-induced sedation in six healthy male subjects. Subseq...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02929.x
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of omeprazole on cytochrome P-450 mediated 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation were studied in human liver microsomes. Omeprazole inhibited both the high and low affinity components of deethylation, with an estimated Ki of 0.03 mM for the high affinity component. The results are further evidence that the previou...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05199.x
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum and milk concentrations of aztreonam were studied in 12 lactating, healthy subjects over the 8 h period after the administration of a single intramuscular or intravenous 1 g dose. Milk concentrations of aztreonam were found to be much lower than serum concentrations at all time points after both routes of inject...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02677.x
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. N-hydroxylation is thought to be an essential step in the haemotoxicity of dapsone (DDS). To investigate both metabolism-dependent and cell-selective drug toxicity in vitro we have developed a three-compartment system in which an hepatic drug metabolizing system is contained within a central compartment separated b...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb05888.x
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical pharmacologists are the only medical specialists whose training focuses specifically on the safe, effective and cost-effective use of medicines, underpinned by an understanding of drug discovery, drug regulation, pharmacology, translational medicine and the performance of clinical trials. This unique perspect...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04244.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：ADVERSE EVENT:A drug interaction leading to higher exposure to cyclosporine. DRUGS IMPLICATED:Cyclosporine and ticagrelor. THE PATIENT:A 49-year-old man with a stable renal graft, managed with cyclosporine with stable trough blood concentrations for several years, was treated with ticagrelor for unstable angina pecto...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13433
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The oral kinetics of oxazepam after a single 15 mg oral dose was investigated in six healthy volunteers before and during concomitant administration of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists propranolol (80 mg) and labetalol (200 mg) (racemates). 2. A possible pharmacodynamic interaction between oxazepam and the beta-ad...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03599.x
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The influence of cimetidine (1000 mg daily) on propranolol steady state plasma levels has been studied in seven normal volunteers. Cimetidine was used as a 200 mg normal release tablet whereas propranolol was given as a 160 mg slow release formulation once daily. 2 After 1 day of cimetidine treatment (day 9 of the s...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01307.x
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The combination of ephedrine and caffeine has been used in herbal products for weight loss and athletic performance-enhancement, but the pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds have not been well characterized. This study aimed to develop a mechanistic model describing ephedrine, norephedrine, and caffeine phar...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02254.x
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fall in blood pressure produced by captopril is not accompanied by a compensatory tachycardia. Angiotensin converting enzyme may participate in the metabolism of endogenous opioids and these substances can lower blood pressure without reflex tachycardia. It is therefore possible that the hypotensive effect of capt...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02408.x
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To evaluate the electroencephalographic (EEG) effects, blood concentrations, vehicle irritation and dose-effect relationships for diazepam administered nasally. METHODS:The study had a cross-over design with eight healthy volunteers (one drop out). It consisted of four legs with four different administrations: in...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01486.x
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing evidence suggesting that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in cardioprotective mechanisms. These include regulating vascular tone, modulating inflammatory responses, improving cardiomyocyte function and reducing ischaemic damage, resulting in attenuation of animal models of ca...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bcp.12603
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim was to examine relationships between total and unbound mycophenolic acid (MPA) and prednisolone exposure and clinical outcomes in patients with lupus nephritis. METHODS:Six blood samples were drawn pre- and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h post-dose and total and unbound MPA and prednisolone pre-dose (C0 ), maximum ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.12678
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We compare the sensitivity and specificity of chosen outcome criteria in a placebo-controlled, randomised cross-over study of the efficacy of maintenance therapy with the levodopa/carbidopa combination (Sinemet Plus) alone. Patients were characterised by having idiopathic Parkinsonism with no overt fluctuations in ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05533.x
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of a single 0.5 mg oral dose of the triazolobenzodiazepine hypnotic triazolam, were studied in 54 healthy young men aged 20-44 years, with a mean body weight of 77 kg. Triazolam kinetics were determined from multiple plasma concentrations measured during 14 h post-dose. The overall mean +/- s.e. mean (wit...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02951.x
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. A rapid intravenous bolus injection of 4.0 g Magnapen (which contains 2.0 g of ampicillin and 2.0 g of flucloxacillin) was to seven patients undergoing total hip replacement immediatly before induction of general anesthesia. Postoperatively the patients patients received 2.0 g Magnapen by intramuscular injection ev...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb00838.x
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of two single oral doses of ibopamine (150 and 600 mg) on heart rate, blood pressure, urine flow, sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion were studied in normal volunteers. No significant change was observed in urine flow, sodium, potassium or creatinine excretion at either dose. No significant change w...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02402.x
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:5-HT1B-receptor mediated vasoconstriction of cranial arteries is a potential mechanism by which 5-HT1B/1D-receptor agonists such as sumatriptan produce their antimigraine effects. 5-HT1B-receptors exist in other blood vessels which may give rise to unwanted vascular effects. Therefore we examined the distribution ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01536.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred different drug advertisements from each of seven leading medical journals have been assessed. Information about drug interactions, adverse reactions, mode of action, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and cost was seldom provided in UK journals. A requirement should exist that drug advertiseme...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00358.x
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied in a sleep laboratory the effects of bedtime 15 mg midazolam and 20 mg midazolam on the sleep and morning performance of healthy subjects with polygraphically verified sleep onset insomnia. Six subjects received 15 mg midazolam and six subjects received 20 mg midazolam for 14 consecutive nights which were p...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02279.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
