Abstract:
:Since the first ascent of Mont Blanc by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel-Gabriel Paccard in 1786, numerous scientific events have taken place on the highest peak of Europe. Horace Benédict de Saussure, since his first ascent in 1787, made numerous observations on barometric pressure, temperature, geology, and mountain sickness on Mont Blanc. Over the next 100 years, scientists and physicians climbed Mont Blanc and made many interesting although anecdotal reports. Science on Mont Blanc exploded at the end of the 19th century. A major player at that time was Joseph Vallot (1854-1925), who constructed an observatory in 1890 at 4,358 m on the Rochers des Bosses and then moved it in 1898 to a better location at 4,350 m. There Vallot and invited scientists made observations over more than 30 years: studies in geology, glaciology, astronomy, cartography, meteorology, botany, physiology and medicine were performed and published in the seven volumes of the Annales de l'Observatoire du Mont Blanc, between 1893 and 1917, and in the Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. While Jules Janssen and Xaver Imfeld were preparing the construction of the new observatory on the top of Mont Blanc, Dr. Jacottet died in 1891 at the Observatoire Vallot from a disease that was clearly attributed by Dr. Egli-Sinclair to the effect of high altitude. This was probably the first case of high altitude pulmonary edema documented by an autopsy and suspected to be directly due to high altitude. Extensive studies on ventilation were made from 1886 to 1900. Increase in ventilation with altitude was documented, with the phenomenon of "ventilatory acclimatization." Paul Bert's theories on the role of oxygen in acute mountain sickness were confirmed in 1903 and 1904 by studying the effects of oxygen inhalation. In 1913, Vallot documented for the first time the decrease in physical performance at the top of Mont Blanc using squirrels. After that pioneering era, few studies were done until 1984, when a team of the Association pour la Recherche en Physiologie de l'Environnement (ARPE) renovated the observatory and started to organize annual scientific expeditions.
journal_name
High Alt Med Bioljournal_title
High altitude medicine & biologyauthors
Richalet JPdoi
10.1089/152702901750067936keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
57-68issue
1eissn
1527-0297issn
1557-8682journal_volume
2pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::The purpose of this study was to elucidate the magnitude and the time course of ventilatory changes resulting from a repeated series of hypoxic exposures. Eight healthy males participated in the present study. The subjects spent 1 h/day in normobaric hypoxia (12% inspired oxygen). Inspired minute ventilation (V(I)), e...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2005.6.50
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::West, John B. Are permanent residents of high altitude fully adapted to their hypoxic environment? High Alt Med Biol. 18:135-139, 2017.-Millions of people live permanently at high altitude and many have been there for generations. It is sometimes claimed that these people have completely adapted to their environment, ...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2016.0152
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bailey, Damian Miles, Benjamin S. Stacey, and Mark Gumbleton. A systematic review and meta-analysis reveals altered drug pharmacokinetics in humans during acute exposure to terrestrial high altitude-clinical justification for dose adjustment? High Alt Med Biol. 19:141-148, 2018. OBJECTIVE:While physiological response...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1089/ham.2017.0121
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: The physiological effects of hypoxia may be influenced by how hypoxia is achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recovery in hypobaric hypoxia (HH), normobaric hypoxia (NH), and normobaric normoxia (NN) after endurance exercise on ge...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2018.0147
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a survey of equipment in medical backpacks for mountain rescuers and mountain emergency physicians. The aim was to investigate whether there are standards for medical equipment in mountain rescue organizations associated with the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM). A qu...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2010.1048
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Otero, Liliana, Patricia Hidalgo, Rafael González, and Carlos A. Morillo. Association of cardiovascular disease and sleep apnea at different altitudes. High Alt Med Biol. 17:336-341, 2016.-We evaluated the prevalence of sleep apnea (SA) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) at different altitudes. A total of 3...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2016.0027
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increasing popularity of adventure travel and mountain activities, it is likely that many high altitude travelers will have underlying medical problems and approach clinicians for advice about ensuring a safe sojourn. Patients with underlying pulmonary hypertension are one group who warrants significant conce...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/ham.2009.10306
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Aims: Psychotic symptoms during exposure to high altitude (HA) have been linked to accidents or near accidents on the mountains. It is thus of great importance to directly identify psychotic symptoms in individuals who are exposed to HA quickly and reliably on the mountain...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2019.0009
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute altitude exposure may lead to acute mountain sickness (AMS). Increased awareness of altitude-related health hazards in trekkers may accompany a decrease in AMS prevalence. We compared awareness and AMS prevalence in trekkers in two cohorts on an altitude trek up to 5400 m and assessed risk factors for AMS by rep...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2004.5.410
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Van Iterson, Erik H., Eric M. Snyder, and Bruce D. Johnson. The influence of 17 hours of normobaric hypoxia on parallel adjustments in exhaled nitric oxide and airway function in lowland healthy adults. High Alt Med Biol. 18:1-10, 2017.-Currently, there is a disparate understanding of the role that normobaric hypoxia ...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2016.0086
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abnormally high pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in hypoxia due to exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a key factor for development of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). It was shown that about 10% of a healthy Caucasian population has an exaggerated HPV that is comparable to the respon...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2014.1117
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common and disabling condition that occurs in healthy individuals ascending to high altitude. Based on the ability of iron to influence cellular oxygen sensing pathways, we hypothesized that iron supplementation would protect against AMS. To examine this hypothesis, 24 healthy sea-le...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/ham.2011.1005
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common condition in individuals who travel to altitudes over 2000 m. While AMS is an important public health problem, no measurements can reliably support or predict the diagnosis with any degree of confidence. We therefore set out to study whether pulse oximetry data are associated ...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2004.5.341
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shatylo, Valerii B., Tetiana V. Serebrovska, Anna V. Gavalko, Egor Egorov, and Oleg V. Korkushko. Acute hypoxic test in patients with prediabetes. High Alt Med Biol. 17:101-107, 2016.-Prediabetes is a state of impaired carbohydrate metabolism when not all of the symptoms required to label a person as diabetic are pres...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2015.0117
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxemia is a major life-threatening complication of childhood pneumonia. The threshold points for hypoxemia vary with altitude. However, few published data describe that normal range of variation. The purpose of this study was to establish reference values of normal mean Sao(2) levels and an approximate cutoff point...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2009.1094
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: Sex-based differences in metabolism and morphological characteristics may result in unique exercise responses during periods of limited oxygen availability. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of moderate normobaric hy...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2019.0061
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to hypoxic environments is associated with decreased arterial oxygen saturation and increased pulmonary artery pressures. Ischemic preconditioning of an extremity (IPC) is a procedure that stimulates vasoactive and inflammatory pathways that protect remote organ systems from ongoing or future ischemic injury....
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/ham.2013.1137
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of avalanche accidents involving winter recreationists has notably increased in recent decades due to the increasing popularity of outdoor winter activities. The International Liaison Committee on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR Medcom), and ...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/ham.2018.0036
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hamm, Wolfgang, Sari Kassem, Lukas von Stülpnagel, Florian Maier, Mathias Klemm, Dominik Schüttler, Felix Grabher, Ludwig T. Weckbach, Bruno C. Huber, Axel Bauer, Konstantinos D. Rizas, and Stefan Brunner. Deceleration capacity and periodic repolarization dynamics as predictors of acute mountain sickness. High Alt Med...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2020.0131
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) each occur rarely in Tibetans, and they have previously not been reported in the same person. Here we describe a 37-year-old native Tibetan man with CMS at 4300 m, who developed HAPE after his return home from a 12-day visit to sea level. Possibl...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/1527029041352081
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hypoxia has a profound effect on uterine artery adaptation to pregnancy. The present studies tested the hypothesis that pregnant kinase C (PKC) differentially regulates alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions and Ca(2+) sensitivity in the uterine arteries of nonpregnant and pregnant sheep acclimatized to h...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2009.1076
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Swiss expedition to Everest (altitude 8,848 m) in the spring of 1952 very nearly attained the summit with two of the climbers reaching 8,595 m. This would have been the first ascent of Everest. One main reason for failure was the inadequate oxygen equipment which was modified from sets designed for mine rescue usi...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152702903321488960
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Published incidences of acute mountain sickness (AMS) vary widely. Reasons for this variation, and predictive factors of AMS, are not well understood. We aimed to identify predictive factors that are associated with the occurrence of AMS, and to test the hypothesis that study design is an independent predictive fa...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/ham.2015.0022
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The planning and execution of avalanche rescue missions to search for totally buried avalanche victims are mostly based on personal experience and preference, as evidence-based information from literature is almost completely missing. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify major factors determining the survival ...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2007.1061
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appointing physiological function to specific genetic determinants requires a systems physiologist to consider ways of assessing precise phenotypic mechanisms. The integration of ventilation, metabolism and thermoregulation, for example, is very complex and may differ among small and large mammalian species. This chal...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/152702901750265297
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the high inter-individual variability in the sensitivity to high altitude, we hypothesize the presence of underlying genetic factors. The aim of this study was to construct a genetic predisposition score based on previously identified high-altitude gene variants to explain the inter-individual variation in the r...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2014.1083
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Examined the change in neurobehavioral function of individuals acclimated to high altitudes and those native to high altitudes. METHODS:A neurobehavioral core test battery approved by the WHO (WHO-NCTB) was used to evaluate the effects of high altitude hypoxia on neurobehavioral function. The WHO-NCTB is composed...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2012.1091
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the case of a 38-year-old man who presented with bilateral retinal detachments following a trek in Tibet during which time he took acetazolamide for prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness (AMS). This is the first time that retinal detachment has been described following a sojourn to high altitude. Acetazol...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2007.1026
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transient focal neurological deficits have been described in sojourners to high altitude. We present two cases of transient expressive aphasia in well-acclimatized high altitude climbers. We speculate that this type of transient focal neurological impairment may represent migraine aura, and we discuss other reports of...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/15270290050144208
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of exposure to acute and chronic high altitude hypoxia on the activity and expression of CYP2E1 and CYP3A1 were examined in rats. Rats were divided into low altitude (LA, 400 m), acute moderate altitude hypoxia (AMH, 2800 m), chronic moderate altitude hypoxia (CMH, 2800 m), acute high altitude hypoxia (AHH...
journal_title:High altitude medicine & biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/ham.2014.1026
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00