Enabling the chemistry of life.

abstract：:Elucidation of the nature of the gene interactions that underly the sterility of interspecific hybrids is important in evolutionary biology. The interactions between the heterospecific X and Y (or Z and W) chromosomes are often used as an explanation for two reasons. First, the fertility of the hybrids of the heteroga...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Johnson NA,Perez DE,Cabot EL,Hollocher H,Wu CI

更新日期：1992-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Joining dissimilar materials such as plastics and metals in engineered structures remains a challenge1. Mechanical fastening, conventional welding and adhesive bonding are examples of techniques currently used for this purpose, but each of these methods presents its own set of problems2 such as formation of stress con...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rivera J,Hosseini MS,Restrepo D,Murata S,Vasile D,Parkinson DY,Barnard HS,Arakaki A,Zavattieri P,Kisailus D

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many chemical and physical systems can occur in two forms distinguished solely by being mirror images of each other. This phenomenon, known as chirality, is important in biochemistry, where reactions involving chiral molecules often require the participation of one specific enantiomer (mirror image) of the two possibl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rikken GL,Raupach E

更新日期：2000-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc endopeptidases that are required for the degradation of extracellular matrix components during normal embryo development, morphogenesis and tissue remodelling. Their proteolytic activities are precisely regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). D...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gomis-Rüth FX,Maskos K,Betz M,Bergner A,Huber R,Suzuki K,Yoshida N,Nagase H,Brew K,Bourenkov GP,Bartunik H,Bode W

更新日期：1997-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Disruption of the normal regulation of cell-cycle progression and division lies at the heart of the events leading to cancer. Complex networks of regulatory factors, the tumour microenvironment and stress signals, such as those resulting from damaged DNA, dictate whether cancer cells proliferate or die. Recent progres...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sawyers C

更新日期：2004-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple mathematical models of the transmission dynamics of HIV that incorporate demographic and epidemiological processes to assess the potential impact of AIDS on human population growth and structure in developing countries suggest that AIDS is capable of changing population growth rates from positive to negative va...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Anderson RM,May RM,McLean AR

更新日期：1988-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Aggregation of amyloid-β peptides into fibrils or other self-assembled states is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Fibrils formed in vitro by 40- and 42-residue amyloid-β peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42) are polymorphic, with variations in molecular structure that depend on fibril growth conditions. Recent e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Qiang W,Yau WM,Lu JX,Collinge J,Tycko R

更新日期：2017-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate are extracellular sugar chains involved in intercellular signalling. Disruptions of genes encoding enzymes that mediate glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have severe consequences in Drosophila and mice. Mutations in the Drosophila gene sugarless, which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mizuguchi S,Uyama T,Kitagawa H,Nomura KH,Dejima K,Gengyo-Ando K,Mitani S,Sugahara K,Nomura K

更新日期：2003-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Global conservation strategies commonly assume that different taxonomic groups show congruent geographical patterns of diversity, and that the distribution of extinction-prone species in one group can therefore act as a surrogate for vulnerable species in other groups when conservation decisions are being made. The va...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Grenyer R,Orme CD,Jackson SF,Thomas GH,Davies RG,Davies TJ,Jones KE,Olson VA,Ridgely RS,Rasmussen PC,Ding TS,Bennett PM,Blackburn TM,Gaston KJ,Gittleman JL,Owens IP

更新日期：2006-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatic hypermutation introduces point mutations into immunoglobulin genes in germinal centre B cells during an immune response. The reaction is initiated by cytosine deamination by the activation-induced deaminase (AID) and completed by error-prone processing of the resulting uracils by mismatch and base excision rep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liu M,Duke JL,Richter DJ,Vinuesa CG,Goodnow CC,Kleinstein SH,Schatz DG

更新日期：2008-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Distinctive acute brain damage involving limbic and related brain regions develops in adult rats following sustained limbic seizures induced by systemic administration of kainic acid or dipiperidinoethane (DPE) or by intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid or folic acid. This seizure-brain damage (S-BD) syndrome is ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Olney JW,de Gubareff T,Labruyere J

更新日期：1983-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells operate in dynamic environments using extraordinary communication capabilities that emerge from the interactions of genetic circuitry. The mammalian immune response is a striking example of the coordination of different cell types. Cell-to-cell communication is primarily mediated by signalling molecules that for...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tay S,Hughey JJ,Lee TK,Lipniacki T,Quake SR,Covert MW

更新日期：2010-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Article, owing to an error during the production process, in Fig. 1a, the dark blue and light blue wedges were incorrectly labelled as 'G•C → T•A' and 'G•C → A•T', instead of 'C•G → T•A' and 'C•G → A•T', respectively. Fig. 1 has been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gaudelli NM,Komor AC,Rees HA,Packer MS,Badran AH,Bryson DI,Liu DR

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retrotransposons, which proliferate by reverse transcription of RNA intermediates, comprise a major portion of plant genomes. Plants often change the genome size and organization during evolution by rapid proliferation and deletion of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. Precise transposon sequences throughout...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tsukahara S,Kobayashi A,Kawabe A,Mathieu O,Miura A,Kakutani T

更新日期：2009-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of planarian regeneration may help us to understand how we can rebuild organs and tissues after injury, disease or ageing. The robust regenerative abilities of planarians are based upon a population of totipotent stem cells (neoblasts), and among the organs regenerated by these animals is a well-organized ce...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cebrià F,Kobayashi C,Umesono Y,Nakazawa M,Mineta K,Ikeo K,Gojobori T,Itoh M,Taira M,Sánchez Alvarado A,Agata K

更新日期：2002-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The interrelationships between major living vertebrate, and even chordate, groups are now reasonably well resolved thanks to a large amount of generally congruent data derived from molecular sequences, anatomy and physiology. But fossils provide unexpected combinations of characters that help us to understand how the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Janvier P

更新日期：2015-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to microRNAs and Piwi-associated RNAs, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are seemingly dispensable for host-directed gene regulation in Drosophila. This notion is based on the fact that mutants lacking the core siRNA-generating enzyme Dicer-2 or the predominant siRNA effector Argonaute 2 are viable, fertile ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Okamura K,Chung WJ,Ruby JG,Guo H,Bartel DP,Lai EC

更新日期：2008-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the hydrogen atom to complex biochemical struc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kaindl RA,Carnahan MA,Hägele D,Lövenich R,Chemla DS

更新日期：2003-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:How long does it take a random walker to reach a given target point? This quantity, known as a first-passage time (FPT), has led to a growing number of theoretical investigations over the past decade. The importance of FPTs originates from the crucial role played by first encounter properties in various real situation...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Condamin S,Bénichou O,Tejedor V,Voituriez R,Klafter J

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During an immune response, hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes in B cells proliferating within germinal centres (GCs) generates variant antibodies that react with higher affinity against either foreign or self antigens. Several experiments suggest that self-reactive B cells may be censored at this stage of the immun...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shokat KM,Goodnow CC

更新日期：1995-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA replication in eukaryotes is strictly regulated by several mechanisms. A central step in this replication is the assembly of the heterohexameric minichromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) helicase complex at replication origins during G1 phase as an inactive double hexamer. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we report...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li N,Zhai Y,Zhang Y,Li W,Yang M,Lei J,Tye BK,Gao N

更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:An amino acid sequence analysis of the N-terminal immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions (VH and VL) from 16 hybridoma proteins which bind phosphorylcholine as well as the complete sequence analysis of 9 of these VH regions is presented. There seem to be more VH regions participating in the phosphorylch...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gearhart PJ,Johnson ND,Douglas R,Hood L

更新日期：1981-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), one of eight members of the P2YR family expressed in humans, is one of the most prominent clinical drug targets for inhibition of platelet aggregation. Although mutagenesis and modelling studies of the P2Y12R provided useful insights into ligand binding, the agonist and antagonist recognit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang J,Zhang K,Gao ZG,Paoletta S,Zhang D,Han GW,Li T,Ma L,Zhang W,Müller CE,Yang H,Jiang H,Cherezov V,Katritch V,Jacobson KA,Stevens RC,Wu B,Zhao Q

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Distrust in scientific expertise1-14 is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks2-4, as happened for measles in 20195,6. Homemade remedies7,8 and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Johnson NF,Velásquez N,Restrepo NJ,Leahy R,Gabriel N,El Oud S,Zheng M,Manrique P,Wuchty S,Lupu Y

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-propagating beta-sheet-rich protein aggregates are implicated in a wide range of protein-misfolding phenomena, including amyloid diseases and prion-based inheritance. Two properties have emerged as common features of amyloids. Amyloid formation is ubiquitous: many unrelated proteins form such aggregates and even ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chien P,DePace AH,Collins SR,Weissman JS

更新日期：2003-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction extends lifespan in numerous species. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this effect requires Sir2 (ref. 1), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Sirtuin activating compounds (STACs) can promote the survival of human cells and extend the replicative lifespan of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wood JG,Rogina B,Lavu S,Howitz K,Helfand SL,Tatar M,Sinclair D

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:HLA class II molecules are a highly polymorphic family of dimeric cell-surface proteins primarily involved in regulating T-cell responses to extrinsic antigens. To define regions of class II molecules involved in T-cell recognition, we have now compared sequences of three HLA DR beta cDNA clones obtained from cells th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cairns JS,Curtsinger JM,Dahl CA,Freeman S,Alter BJ,Bach FH

更新日期：1985-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The injection of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) into the wing web of newly hatched chicks causes a rapidly growing sarcomatous tumour which is palpable within 1 week of inoculation; and cultures of fibroblasts derived from chick embryos (CEF) and infected with RSV become rapidly transformed. Genetic studies have determined ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dolberg DS,Bissell MJ

更新日期：1984-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The dispersal of early humans from Africa by 1.75 Myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of Flores in the east to the Iberian peninsula in the west. This range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and Mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45 degrees N. Until ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Parfitt SA,Ashton NM,Lewis SG,Abel RL,Coope GR,Field MH,Gale R,Hoare PG,Larkin NR,Lewis MD,Karloukovski V,Maher BA,Peglar SM,Preece RC,Whittaker JE,Stringer CB

更新日期：2010-07-08 00:00:00