Abstract:
:Innate immunity directs the adaptive immune response by identifying antigens that are associated with infectious agents. Although some microbial antigens can be recognized by innate immune receptors, most cannot, and these require identification by some other means. The introduction of aldehydes into antigens by glycolaldehyde, which can be produced by activated neutrophils reacting with serine, or by the oxidation of an N-linked oligosaccharide with NaIO4, enhances by several orders of magnitude their immunogenicity in mice. The augmented immunogenicity requires the presence of an aldehyde on the antigen, and is not dependent on protein aggregation. An in vitro correlate of augmented immunogenicity is the enhanced presentation of glycolaldehyde-modified antigen to T cells by macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The potential clinical importance of this form of antigen modification is twofold: glycolaldehyde renders a model self antigen immunogenic, and it converts a relatively non-immunogenic malaria antigen, merozoite surface protein-1, into an effective immunogen. Thus, the tagging of antigens by the addition of aldehydes, which may be an innate immune mechanism to facilitate their recognition by the adaptive immune system, may have a role in the genesis of autoimmunity and the development of vaccines.
journal_name
Eur J Immunoljournal_title
European journal of immunologyauthors
Allison ME,Fearon DTdoi
10.1002/1521-4141(200010)30:10<2881::AID-IMMU2881>keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-01 00:00:00pages
2881-7issue
10eissn
0014-2980issn
1521-4141pii
10.1002/1521-4141(200010)30:10<2881::AID-IMMU2881>journal_volume
30pub_type
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journal_title:European journal of immunology
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journal_title:European journal of immunology
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