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Role of corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin and the autonomic nervous system in learning and memory.

Abstract：

:Learning and memory are essential requirements for every living organism in order to cope with environmental demands, which enables it to adapt to changes in the conditions of life. Research on the effects of hormones on memory has focused on hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucocorticoids, vasopressin, oxytocin, epinephrine, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) that are released into the blood and brain following arousing or stressful experiences. Most of the information have been derived from studies on conditioned behavior, in particular, avoidance behavior in rats. In these tasks, an aversive situation was used as a stimulus for learning. Aversive stimuli are associated with the release of stress hormones and neuropeptides. Many factors play a role in different aspects of learning and memory processes. Neuropeptides not only affect attention, motivation, concentration and arousal or vigilance, but also anxiety and fear. In this way, they participate in learning and memory processes. Furthermore, neuropeptides such as CRF and vasopressin modulate the release of stress hormones such as epinephrine. In turn, systemic catecholamines enhance memory consolidation. CRF and vasopressin are colocalized in neurons from the nucleus paraventricularis, which project to nuclei in the brainstem involved in autonomic regulation. The objective of this paper is to discuss the role of CRF, vasopressin, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in learning and memory processes. Both CRF and vasopressin have effects in the same direction on behavior, learning and memory processes and stress responses (release of catecholamines and ACTH). These neuropeptides may act synergistically or in a concerted action aimed to learn to adapt to environmental demands.

journal_name

Eur J Pharmacol

journal_title

European journal of pharmacology

authors

Croiset G,Nijsen MJ,Kamphuis PJ

doi

10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00556-2

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2000-09-29 00:00:00

pages

225-34

issue

1-3

eissn

0014-2999

issn

1879-0712

pii

S0014299900005562

journal_volume

405

pub_type

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Role of corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin and the autonomic nervous system in learning and memory.