Abstract：
:Approximately 5% of the world's human population have an increased risk for developing liver cancer and cirrhosis as a direct consequence of chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Antiviral chemotherapy remains the only option for controlling infection in these individuals, for whom the current licensed hepatitis B vaccines provide no benefit. Interferon (IFN)-alpha has proven benefit in a well-defined group of those with hepatitis B but has made little impact on the global burden of chronic liver disease. The development of more effective chemotherapy for treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection has proven to be extremely challenging, the result of both virus- and host-dependent factors, which will be reviewed in this article. Past attempts to treat chronic hepatitis B infection using nucleoside analogues were disappointing, but more recently, several nucleoside (or nucleotide) analogues have been identified that are potent and selective inhibitors of HBV replication. These agents fall into two broad categories: (1) nucleoside/nucleotides that have modified sugar residues in either cyclic or acyclic configurations and (2) stereoisomers of nucleosides in the "unnatural" L-configuration. Of the analogues that have been used clinically, representatives of the first category are purine derivatives, e.g., adefovir dipivoxil and famciclovir, whereas representatives of the second category are pyrimidine derivatives, such as lamivudine.
journal_name
Gastroenterologyjournal_title
Gastroenterologyauthors
Torresi J,Locarnini Sdoi
10.1016/s0016-5085(00)70008-4keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-02-01 00:00:00pages
S83-103issue
2 Suppl 1eissn
0016-5085issn
1528-0012pii
S0016-5085(00)70008-4journal_volume
118pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
GASTROENTEROLOGY文献大全abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Alcoholic patients with and without chronic liver disease have a high incidence of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Long-term ethanol consumption in mice has been associated with a strikingly reduced CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to HCV nonstructural proteins following DNA-based ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.016
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Reduced generation of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) by CD103(+) intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) is linked to intestinal inflammation in mice. However, the role of RA in intestinal inflammation in humans is unclear. We investigated which antigen-presenting cells (APCs) produce RA in the human intestine...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.057
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 14-yr-old girl presented with long-standing symptoms of partial gastric outlet obstruction due to an antral mucosal diaphragm that had a central aperture of 4-5 mm. The literature of this congenital malformation is reviewed with respect to diagnostic criteria and feasibility of endoscopic transection. The procedure ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(85)90222-7
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Characteristics of electrical activities, and the relationship between electrical and motor activities, were studied in circular and longitudinal (taenia) muscle of the human colon that was obtained from 21 individuals. Recordings were obtained with suction electrodes, the sucrose-gap method, and microelectrodes. The ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(85)90513-x
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastric ulcers have been thought to occur only in the pyloric gland area. However, endoscopic examinations using the Congo red test showed that 18 of the ulcers examined (7.8%) were surrounded by an acid-secreting area, and so were in the fundic gland area. Histological examination of specimens obtained by gastrectomy...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Qualitative endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography is an accurate but subjective tool for the differential diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. Second-generation EUS elastography allows quantitative analysis of tissue stiffness. We evaluated the accuracy of quantitative, second-generation EUS elast...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.059
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Chronic stress is associated with visceral hyperalgesia in functional gastrointestinal disorders. We investigated whether corticosterone plays a role in chronic psychological stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia. METHODS:Male rats were subjected to 1-hour water avoidance (WA) stress or subcutaneous c...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.003
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on in vitro experiments measuring daily secretion rates in the culture media of rat hepatocytes and in vivo experiments using pulse labeling of intracellular precursors, the present study examines the ontogenic expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and secretory component by hepatocytes during grow...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(92)90181-w
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This literature review and the recommendations therein were prepared for the American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice and Practice Economics committee. The paper was approved by the committee on May 16, 1999, and by the AGA governing board on July 18, 1999. ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0016-5085(00)70430-6
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the anesthetized ferret jejunum, the role of extrinsic and intrinsic nerves in the relationship between intestinal motor activity and transmural potential difference (PD) was studied. In the vagally intact ferret and after sympathetic blockade, spontaneous bursts of jejunal motor activity were associated with fluct...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(85)90644-4
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:We aimed to identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues from patients and study their function in gastric tumor metastasis. METHODS:We collected gastric tumor and nontumor tissues from patients in China and analyzed levels of lncRNAs by microarray analysis, ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2018.10.054
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Postprandial glycemia excursions increase after gastric bypass surgery; this effect is even greater among patients with recurrent hypoglycemia. These patients also have increased postprandial levels of insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). We performed a clinical trial to determine the role of ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.044
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Genetic and epigenetic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). There is considerable molecular heterogeneity among colorectal tumors, which appears to arise as polyps progress to cancer. This heterogeneity results in different pathways to tumorigenesis. Although epigenet...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.039
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Regeneration from cerulein-induced pancreatitis is accompanied by a transient synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix components in the rat pancreas. The pleiotropic transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 has been suggested to regulate extracellular matrix remodeling during regeneration from ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70107-0
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells play an integrative role in the regulation of acid secretion. Decreased mucosal histamine concentrations and increased levels of interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 have been detected in the gastric mucosa inflamed with Helicobacter pylori. The...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/gast.1997.v112.pm9024290
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transport of folic acid was investigated in organ-cultured endoscopic biopsy specimens of intestinal mucosa from normal subjects. In the proximal small intestine at pH 5.5 and 6.5, [3H]folic acid accumulated to concentrations 2.64- and 2.17-fold higher than those of the medium, respectively, but at pH 7.5 the conc...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(90)90614-7
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Partial obstruction of the opossum esophagus leads to thickening of the circular muscle, hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, and diminution of the extracellular space. The pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of this hypertrophied muscle were studied. Carbachol produced phasic and tonic contractions of ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(91)90522-m
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that alterations of intestinal motility accompany enteric helminth infections. Motility was measured in rats during the intestinal phase of infection with the nematode Trichinella spiralis by following the transit of radioactive chromium through the gut. Intraduodenal c...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amount of bile acid excreted via an ileostomy at the end of the ileum should give an estimate of the amount of bile acid transported to the colon. In the present study, 8 patients with ileostomies at the end of the ileum but without disease or resection of the small intestine excreted 1690 +/- 205 mumol/day (mean ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(88)90013-3
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colchicine treatment was used in this randomized placebo-controlled trial in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis [serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 5 mg/dL (85.5 mumol/L) mean, 17.5 +/- 7.5 mg/dL (299.25 +/- 128.25 mumol/L)]. Hospitalization mortality and morbidity and the effect on biochemical test ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(90)90973-5
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:: At least half of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) fail to respond to interferon or interferon/ribavirin therapy. Histological improvement is observed in some nonresponders. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to determine if maintenance interferon therapy could prevent histologi...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70402-6
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Pancreatitis is the most important risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Pancreatitis predisposes to PDAC because it induces a process of acinar cell reprogramming known as acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM)-a precursor of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions that can progres...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2016.05.006
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal handling of water and electrolytes was monitored in 5 conscious dogs with chronic 25-cm Thiry-Vella loops of proximal jejunum using a neutral isosmotic perfusate containing [14C]polyethylene glycol as a recovery marker. Under basal conditions the animals absorbed water, Na+, and Cl-, and there was minimal n...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(86)91102-9
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 375 chronic hemodialysis patients for evidence of hepatitis B virus infection using first- and second-generation monoclonal radioimmunoassays. These assays employ high-affinity monoclonal antibodies produced against antigenic determinants that reside on hepatitis B surface antigen. Such assays have a lower ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(86)90187-3
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Patients affected by familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of developing duodenal adenomas. In this study, cell proliferation of duodenal mucosa was analyzed to detect kinetic abnormalities related to cancer risk. METHODS:Duodenal biopsy specimens were collected in three groups o...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9322510
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regional specific antibodies and gel permeation chromatography were used to analyze the molecular forms of motilin in the human gut and plasma and in the porcine gut. The same antibodies were also used for immunocytochemical localization of the cell of origin of motilin. Two main molecular forms of motilin were identi...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of substance P (SP) on the release of gastric somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) was studied. Substance P inhibited both basal SLI release and SLI release stimulated by gastric inhibitory polypeptide or 1-isoproterenol. This inhibitory action of SP was not blocked by atropine or hexamethonium, suggesti...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-5085(85)80138-4
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Liver graft dysfunction is related to hypothermic preservation and may implicate altered cell volume homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate how cold preservation and rewarming affect hepatocellular volume regulation and concentrative amino acid uptake. METHODS:Rat hepatocytes suspended fo...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70148-3
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In dogs provided with Heidenhain pouch and gastric fistula, we studied the effect of near-total excision of the fundic mucosa of the main stomach on acid secretion and gastrin release. Fundic mucosal excision abolished the mean response of the gastric fistula and reduced its maximal response to pentagastrin and to his...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although nocturnal acid secretion has been emphasized in the pathophysiology and treatment of duodenal ulcer, its importance in gastric ulcer disease has been questioned. To explore this area, this multicenter U.S. trial compared the effect of a once-daily nighttime dose of H2-receptor antagonist with placebo on the h...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(89)91489-3
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
