Abstract：
:One of the earliest computational principles attributed to the cerebellum was the measurement of time. This idea was originally suggested on anatomical grounds, and was taken up again to explain some of the deficits in cerebellar patients. The contribution of the cerebellum to eye movements, in contrast, has traditionally been discussed in the context of motor learning. This view has received support from the loss of saccade adaptation, one of the key examples of motor learning, following lesions of the posterior cerebellar vermis. However, the relationship between the properties of saccade-related vermal Purkinje cells and the behavioural deficits that follow lesions is unclear. Here we report results from single-unit recording experiments on monkeys that reconcile the seemingly unrelated concepts of timing and motor learning. We report that, unlike individual Purkinje cells, the population response of larger groups of Purkinje cells gives a precise temporal signature of saccade onset and offset. Thus a vermal population response may help to determine saccade duration. Modifying the time course of the population response by changing the weights of the contributing individual Purkinje cells, discharging at different times relative to the saccade, would directly translate into changes in saccade amplitude.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Thier P,Dicke PW,Haas R,Barash Sdoi
10.1038/35011062keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-05-04 00:00:00pages
72-6issue
6782eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
405pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:We often face alternatives that we are free to choose between. Planning movements to select an alternative involves several areas in frontal and parietal cortex that are anatomically connected into long-range circuits. These areas must coordinate their activity to select a common movement goal, but how neural circuits...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06849
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A single U leads to G transversion in the 3' consensus sequence AAUAAA of the adenovirus early region 1A gene was constructed and the effect of this mutation on processing of the 3' end of the nuclear early region 1A RNAs was analysed. The results demonstrate that the intact AAUAAA is not required for RNA polyadenylat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/305600a0
更新日期：1983-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Overfishing of large-bodied benthic fishes and their subsequent population collapses on the Scotian Shelf of Canada's east coast and elsewhere resulted in restructuring of entire food webs now dominated by planktivorous, forage fish species and macroinvertebrates. Despite the imposition of strict management measures i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10285
更新日期：2011-07-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromorphic computing draws inspiration from the brain to provide computing technology and architecture with the potential to drive the next wave of computer engineering1-13. Such brain-inspired computing also provides a promising platform for the development of artificial general intelligence14,15. However, unlike c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2782-y
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wetlands are the largest natural source of atmospheric methane, the second most important greenhouse gas. Methane flux to the atmosphere depends strongly on the climate; however, by far the largest part of the methane formed in wetland ecosystems is recycled and does not reach the atmosphere. The biogeochemical contro...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03802
更新日期：2005-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:How the brain selects appropriate sensory inputs and suppresses distractors is unknown. Given the well-established role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in executive function, its interactions with sensory cortical areas during attention have been hypothesized to control sensory selection. To test this idea and, more ge...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature15398
更新日期：2015-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is an early-onset form of Parkinson's disease characterized by motor disturbances and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. To address its underlying molecular pathogenesis, we generated and characterized loss-of-function mutants of Drosophila PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1038/nature04788
更新日期：2006-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Haptic (touch) perception normally entails an active exploration of object surfaces over time. This is called active touch. When exploring the shape of an object, we experience both geometrical and force cues. For example, when sliding a finger across a surface with a rigid bump on it, the finger moves over the bump w...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35086588
更新日期：2001-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past decade, ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet increased as a result of both increased surface melting and ice discharge to the ocean. The latter is controlled by the acceleration of ice flow and subsequent thinning of fast-flowing marine-terminating outlet glaciers. Quantifying the future dynamic contrib...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12068
更新日期：2013-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The Ndc80 complex is a key site of regulated kinetochore-microtubule attachment (a process required for cell division), but the molecular mechanism underlying its function remains unknown. Here we present a subnanometre-resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the human Ndc80 complex bound to microtubules...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09423
更新日期：2010-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：:A popular metaphor for the representation of numbers in the brain is the 'mental number line', in which numbers are represented in a continuous, quantity-based analogical format. Here we show that patients with hemispatial neglect misplace the midpoint of a numerical interval when asked to bisect it (for example, stat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/417138a
更新日期：2002-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental change is rapidly accelerating, and many species will need to adapt to survive1. Ensuring that protected areas cover populations across a broad range of environmental conditions could safeguard the processes that lead to such adaptations1-3. However, international conservation policies have largely negle...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2138-7
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sounds heard over headphones are typically perceived inside the head (internalized), unlike real sound sources which are perceived outside the head (externalized). If the acoustical waveforms from a real sound source are reproduced precisely using headphones, auditory images are appropriately externalized and localize...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/25526
更新日期：1998-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the processes that regulate the abundance and persistence of wild populations is a fundamental goal of ecology and a prerequisite for the management of living resources. Variable abundance data, however, make the demonstration of regulation processes challenging. A previously overlooked aspect in underst...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06605
更新日期：2008-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Sodium channels and receptors to serotonin and kainate were 'transplanted' from human brain into frog oocytes, by isolating messenger RNA from a fetal brain, and injecting it into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The mRNA was translated by the oocyte and induced the appearance of functional receptors and channels in its membra...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/308421a0
更新日期：1984-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:In this Letter, in Fig. 3c and f the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli networks were subject to both weight loss and node deletion, a combination of two types of perturbation, as opposed to weight loss only (as the labelling incorrectly indicated). The collapse in Fig. 3h was also obtained from this combin...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1091-9
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contamination of ground waters with water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons, common components of petroleum pollution, often produces anoxic conditions under which microbial degradation of the aromatics is slow. Oxygen is often added to contaminated ground water to stimulate biodegradation, but this can be technically dif...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/370128a0
更新日期：1994-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain development and function depend on the precise regulation of gene expression. However, our understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the transcriptome of the human brain is incomplete. Here we report the generation and analysis of exon-level transcriptome and associated genotyping data, representing males ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10523
更新日期：2011-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:A relationship between convergent margin magmas and copper-gold ore mineralization has long been recognized. The nature of the genetic link is controversial, particularly whether the link is due to high-oxygen-fugacity (fO2) melts and fluids released from subducted slabs or to brine exsolution during magmatic evolutio...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02972
更新日期：2004-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The Earth has distinctive convective behaviour, described by the plate tectonics model, in which lateral motion of the oceanic lithosphere of basaltic crust and peridotitic uppermost mantle is decoupled from the underlying mechanically weaker upper mantle (asthenosphere). The reason for differentiation at the lithosph...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09369
更新日期：2010-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The phenomenon of colossal magnetoresistance in manganites is generally agreed to be a result of competition between crystal phases with different electronic, magnetic and structural order; a competition which can be strong enough to cause phase separation between metallic ferromagnetic and insulating charge-modulated...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03300
更新日期：2005-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Thomas et al. argue, contrary to Sala et al. that climate change poses an equal or greater threat to global biodiversity than land-use change. We contest this claim, however, on the grounds that Thomas et al. incorrectly apply species-area relationships. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02717
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate ((S)-2-HPP) epoxidase (HppE) is a mononuclear non-haem-iron-dependent enzyme responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of the clinically useful antibiotic fosfomycin. Enzymes of this class typically catalyse oxygenation reactions that proceed via the formation of substrate radic...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11998
更新日期：2013-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The tips of mammalian digits can regenerate after amputation, like those of amphibians. It is unknown why this capacity is limited to the area associated with the nail. Here we show that nail stem cells (NSCs) reside in the proximal nail matrix and that the mechanisms governing NSC differentiation are coupled directly...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12214
更新日期：2013-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Criteria for 'green buildings' need to make energy performance a priority--as do universities. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1038/461146a
更新日期：2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The human gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase has been cloned and used to analyse the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus in the human genome. The detection of polymorphisms in this locus by several restriction enzymes has allowed feasibility studies of prenatal diagnosis of classical phenylketonuria and...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/306151a0
更新日期：1983-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The Redfield ratio of 106 carbon:16 nitrogen:1 phosphorus in marine phytoplankton is one of the foundations of ocean biogeochemistry, with applications in algal physiology, palaeoclimatology and global climate change. However, this ratio varies substantially in response to changes in algal nutrient status and taxonomi...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03125
更新日期：2004-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Microtubules have a central role in eukaryotic cell polarity, in part through interactions between microtubule end-binding proteins and the cell cortex. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, microtubules and the polarity modulator tea1p maintain cylindrical cell shape and strictly antipodal cell growth. The ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01672
更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Retrotransposons, which proliferate by reverse transcription of RNA intermediates, comprise a major portion of plant genomes. Plants often change the genome size and organization during evolution by rapid proliferation and deletion of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. Precise transposon sequences throughout...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08351
更新日期：2009-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:In contrast to protein-coding sequences, the significance of variation in non-coding DNA in human disease has been minimally explored. A great number of recent genome-wide association studies suggest that non-coding variation is a significant risk factor for common disorders, but the mechanisms by which this variation...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature08451
更新日期：2009-09-10 00:00:00
