The elasticity and failure of fluid-filled cellular solids: theory and experiment.

abstract：:Streptococcus groups A and B cause serious infections, including early onset sepsis and meningitis in newborns. Rib domain-containing surface proteins are found associated with invasive strains and elicit protective immunity in animal models. Yet, despite their apparent importance in infection, the structure of the Ri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Whelan F,Lafita A,Griffiths SC,Cooper REM,Whittingham JL,Turkenburg JP,Manfield IW,St John AN,Paci E,Bateman A,Potts JR

更新日期：2019-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Hairs, feathers, and scales normally exhibit precise orientations with respect to the body axes. In Frizzled6 (Fz6)(-/-) mice, the global orientation of hair follicles is disrupted, leading to waves, whorls, and tufts, each comprising many hundreds of hairs. By analyzing the orientation of developing hair follicles, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Badea T,Nathans J

更新日期：2006-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The C4B isotype of the fourth component of human complement (C4) displays 3- to 4-fold greater hemolytic activity than does its other isotype C4A. This correlates with differences in their covalent binding efficiencies to erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement C1. C4A binds to a greater extent when C1 is on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carroll MC,Fathallah DM,Bergamaschini L,Alicot EM,Isenman DE

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We searched for germ-line mutations of the APC gene in 79 unrelated patients with familial adenomatous polyposis using a ribonuclease protection analysis coupled with polymerase chain reaction amplifications of genomic DNA. Mutations were found in 53 patients (67%); 28 of the mutations were small deletions and 2 were ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miyoshi Y,Ando H,Nagase H,Nishisho I,Horii A,Miki Y,Mori T,Utsunomiya J,Baba S,Petersen G

更新日期：1992-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vivo production of frameshift and base-substitution mutations predicted as a consequence of the metabolic processing of misaligned quasipalindromic DNA sequences has been confirmed. Spontaneous frameshift mutations of the T4 rII gene that had been genetically mapped to quasipalindromic DNA sequences were sequen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Boer JG,Ripley LS

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A technique for systematic peptide variation by a combination of rational and evolutionary approaches is presented. The design scheme consists of five consecutive steps: (i) identification of a "seed peptide" with a desired activity, (ii) generation of variants selected from a physicochemical space around the seed pep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schneider G,Schrödl W,Wallukat G,Müller J,Nissen E,Rönspeck W,Wrede P,Kunze R

更新日期：1998-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The substrate specificity of thermophilic xylose isomerase from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was examined by using predictions from the known crystal structure of the Arthrobacter enzyme and site-directed mutagenesis of the thermophile xylA gene. The orientation of glucose as a substrate in the active site of the th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meng M,Lee C,Bagdasarian M,Zeikus JG

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A four-factor cross between two strains of Phycomyces involving two auxotrophic, one color, and the mating type marker is described. Samples of 40 germspores from 84 individual fertile germsporangia were characterized. The results show: (i) The germspores of a germsporangium are derived from one meiosis in approximate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eslava AP,Alvarez MI,Delbrück M

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of therapy against infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a major unmet need in contemporary medicine. In previous work, our group chemically modified an antimicrobial peptidomimetic motif for targeted applications against cancer and obesity. Here, we show that the modified motif per se is ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McGrath DM,Barbu EM,Driessen WH,Lasco TM,Tarrand JJ,Okhuysen PC,Kontoyiannis DP,Sidman RL,Pasqualini R,Arap W

更新日期：2013-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Phage phi 29 DNA cannot be phosphorylated with polynucleotide kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP because of the presence of a viral protein covalently linked to the 5' termini. The 5' ends can, however, be made susceptible to phosphorylation by treatment with alkali and alkaline phosphatase. Restriction fragments Hpa II C and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Escarmís C,Salas M

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A density-shift method is described for analyzing insulin receptor synthesis and turnover in cultured cells labeled with "heavy" amino acids (2H, 13C, and 15N). Solubilized newly synthesized heavy and old "light" receptors are separated by isopycnic banding on CsCl gradients and then quantitated. Insulin receptor synt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed BC,Lane MD

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental scheme for sequencing large DNA molecules is proposed where DNA strands are replicated, with all nucleotides of a given kind marked with radioactive 32P. The marked strands are affixed to an appropriate substrate and are kept until most 32P atoms decay. The local damage caused by the decay is expected ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kelson I,Nussinov S

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Programmed cell death (PCD) of mammary alveolar cells during involution commences within hours of the end of suckling. Locally, milk accumulates within alveolar lumens; systemically, levels of lactogenic hormones fall. Four experimental models were used to define the role of local factors as compared with systemic hor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li M,Liu X,Robinson G,Bar-Peled U,Wagner KU,Young WS,Hennighausen L,Furth PA

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The N-terminal 392 amino acids of the Drosophila kinesin alpha subunit (designated DKH392) form a dimer in solution that releases only one of its two tightly bound ADP molecules on association with a microtubule, whereas a shorter monomeric construct (designated DKH340) releases > or = 95% of its one bound ADP on asso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hackney DD

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell cycle checkpoints appear to contribute to an increase in cell survival and a decrease in abnormal heritable genetic changes following exposure to DNA damaging agents. Though several radiation-sensitive yeast mutants have been identified, little is known about the genes that control these responses in mammalian ce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kuerbitz SJ,Plunkett BS,Walsh WV,Kastan MB

更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Gating currents of the cloned delayed-rectifier K+ channel DRK1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes were measured with the open-oocyte Vaseline-gap voltage-clamp technique. DRK1 gating charge had the following salient properties: (i) gating-charge amplitude correlated positively with size of the expressed ionic K+ currents; ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taglialatela M,Stefani E

更新日期：1993-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A fibroblast growth regulator, which inhibits the growth and division of proliferating fibroblasts, has been isolated from medium conditioned by exposure to density-inhibited mouse 3T3 cells. This partially purified preparation of the growth-inhibitory activity, termed FGR-s, contained two major polypeptides (Mrs, 10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hsu YM,Barry JM,Wang JL

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe and test a Markov chain model of microsatellite evolution that can explain the different distributions of microsatellite lengths across different organisms and repeat motifs. Two key features of this model are the dependence of mutation rates on microsatellite length and a mutation process that includes bo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kruglyak S,Durrett RT,Schug MD,Aquadro CF

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on the location of the chain part of the retinylidene chromophore in the projected density of bacteriorhodopsin as determined by neutron diffraction from the two-dimensional purple membrane lattice. For this purpose, partially deuterated retinal was synthesized containing 10 deuterons at positions C-8, C-10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seiff F,Wallat I,Ermann P,Heyn MP

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid have been attached covalently to the 5' terminus of the deoxynucleotide sequence C-A-C-A-A-T-T-C-C-A-C-A-C-A-A-C (16-mer) via an ethylenediamine linker. In the presence of Fe2+ and dithiothreitol, these reagents bring about the hybridization-depend...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chu BC,Orgel LE

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of an anticancer innate immune response is highly desirable because of its inherent ability to generate an adaptive antitumor T-cell response. However, insufficient safety of innate immune modulators limits clinical use to topical applications. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonists are favorably positioned a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brackett CM,Kojouharov B,Veith J,Greene KF,Burdelya LG,Gollnick SO,Abrams SI,Gudkov AV

更新日期：2016-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:L-type Ca(2+) currents conducted by CaV1.2 channels initiate excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Their activity is increased by β-adrenergic/cAMP signaling via phosphorylation by PKA in the fight-or-flight response, but the sites of regulation are unknown. We describe the functional role of phosphorylation o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu Y,Westenbroek RE,Scheuer T,Catterall WA

更新日期：2013-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of the past tense of verbs in English has been the focus of the debate concerning connectionist vs. symbolic accounts of language. Brain-injured patients differ with respect to whether they are more impaired in generating irregular past tenses (TAKE-TOOK) or past tenses for nonce verbs (WUG-WUGGED). Such...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joanisse MF,Seidenberg MS

更新日期：1999-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:In a study of autonomic reflexes it was found that some produce a generalized, bilaterally uniform response whereas others have an asymmetric or laterality of action. Recordings from vertebral nerve fibers (mainly vasoconstrictors to forelimb muscles), right and left cardiac sympathetics, and renal nerves show that ba...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kollai M,Koizumi K,Brooks CM

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The roots and stems of dicotyledonous plants thicken by the cell proliferation in the cambium. Cambial proliferation changes in response to environmental factors; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate cambial activity are largely unknown. The quadruple Arabidopsis thaliana mutant atipt1;3;5;7, in which 4 gen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matsumoto-Kitano M,Kusumoto T,Tarkowski P,Kinoshita-Tsujimura K,Václavíková K,Miyawaki K,Kakimoto T

更新日期：2008-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are cell surface glycoproteins that may play a variety of roles in morphogenesis and histogenesis, particularly in defining borders of discrete cell populations. To examine the influence of CAM expression on such cell segregation events in vitro, we have transfected cells with cDNAs codi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Friedlander DR,Mège RM,Cunningham BA,Edelman GM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) offers the only method capable of modulating specific protein activities in localized regions and at particular times. Here, we generalize CALI so that it can be applied to a wider range of tasks. Specifically, we show that CALI can work with a genetically inserted epitop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Surrey T,Elowitz MB,Wolf PE,Yang F,Nédélec F,Shokat K,Leibler S

更新日期：1998-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid, replenishes cytoplasmic ATP at the expense of mitochondrial ATP via the phosphocreatine shuttle. Creatine levels are maintained by diet and endogenous synthesis from arginine and glycine. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of creatine biosynthesis: ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turer E,McAlpine W,Wang KW,Lu T,Li X,Tang M,Zhan X,Wang T,Zhan X,Bu CH,Murray AR,Beutler B

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Using antibodies that react selectively with peptide sequences unique to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), we demonstrate localizations to neuronal populations in the brain. In some brain regions, such as the cerebellum and olfactory bulb, eNOS and neuronal NOS (nNOS) occur in the same cell populations, though...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dinerman JL,Dawson TM,Schell MJ,Snowman A,Snyder SH

更新日期：1994-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:With high-dimensional data, variable-by-variable statistical testing is often used to select variables whose behavior differs across conditions. Such an approach requires adjustment for multiple testing, which can result in low statistical power. A two-stage approach that first filters variables by a criterion indepen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bourgon R,Gentleman R,Huber W

更新日期：2010-05-25 00:00:00