Toll-like receptor-5 agonist, entolimod, suppresses metastasis and induces immunity by stimulating an NK-dendritic-CD8+ T-cell axis.

Abstract:

:Activation of an anticancer innate immune response is highly desirable because of its inherent ability to generate an adaptive antitumor T-cell response. However, insufficient safety of innate immune modulators limits clinical use to topical applications. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonists are favorably positioned as potential systemic immunotherapeutic agents because of unusual tissue specificity of expression, uniquely safe profile of induced cytokines, and antitumor efficacy demonstrated in a number of animal models. Here, we decipher the molecular and cellular events underlying the metastasis suppressive activity of entolimod, a clinical stage TLR5 agonist that activates NF-κB-, AP-1-, and STAT3-driven immunomodulatory signaling pathways specifically within the liver. Used as a single agent in murine colon and mammary metastatic cancer models, entolimod rapidly induces CXCL9 and -10 that support homing of blood-borne CXCR3-expressing NK cells to the liver predominantly through an IFN-γ signaling independent mechanism. NK cell-dependent activation of dendritic cells is followed by stimulation of a CD8(+) T-cell response, which exert both antimetastatic effect of entolimod and establishment of tumor-specific and durable immune memory. These results define systemically administered TLR5 agonists as organ-specific immunoadjuvants, enabling efficient antitumor vaccination that does not depend on identification of tumor-specific antigens.

authors

Brackett CM,Kojouharov B,Veith J,Greene KF,Burdelya LG,Gollnick SO,Abrams SI,Gudkov AV

doi

10.1073/pnas.1521359113

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-02-16 00:00:00

pages

E874-83

issue

7

eissn

0027-8424

issn

1091-6490

pii

1521359113

journal_volume

113

pub_type

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