The dynamics of chromosome evolution in birds and mammals.

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc endopeptidases that are required for the degradation of extracellular matrix components during normal embryo development, morphogenesis and tissue remodelling. Their proteolytic activities are precisely regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). D...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gomis-Rüth FX,Maskos K,Betz M,Bergner A,Huber R,Suzuki K,Yoshida N,Nagase H,Brew K,Bourenkov GP,Bartunik H,Bode W

更新日期：1997-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer cells acquire distinct metabolic adaptations to survive stress associated with tumour growth and to satisfy the anabolic demands of proliferation. The tumour suppressor protein p53 (also known as TP53) influences a range of cellular metabolic processes, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glutamino...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Maddocks OD,Berkers CR,Mason SM,Zheng L,Blyth K,Gottlieb E,Vousden KH

更新日期：2013-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:X-chromosome inactivation results in the strictly cis-limited inactivation of many but not all genes on one of the two X chromosomes during early development in somatic cells of mammalian females. One feature of virtually all models of X inactivation is the existence of an X-inactivation centre (XIC) required in cis f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brown CJ,Lafreniere RG,Powers VE,Sebastio G,Ballabio A,Pettigrew AL,Ledbetter DH,Levy E,Craig IW,Willard HF

更新日期：1991-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Using visual information to guide behaviour requires storage in a temporary buffer, known as visual short-term memory (VSTM), that sustains attended information across saccades and other visual interruptions. There is growing debate on whether VSTM capacity is limited to a fixed number of objects or whether it is vari...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Xu Y,Chun MM

更新日期：2006-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Thrombosis--localized clotting of the blood--can occur in the arterial or the venous circulation and has a major medical impact. Acute arterial thrombosis is the proximal cause of most cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and of about 80% of strokes, collectively the most common cause of death in the develope...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mackman N

更新日期：2008-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding exotic forms of magnetism in quantum mechanical systems is a central goal of modern condensed matter physics, with implications for systems ranging from high-temperature superconductors to spintronic devices. Simulating magnetic materials in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition is computationally i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Simon J,Bakr WS,Ma R,Tai ME,Preiss PM,Greiner M

更新日期：2011-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:An experiment by the Gates Foundation is food for thought for other research agencies. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2008-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Inositol trisphosphate is a second messenger that controls many cellular processes by generating internal calcium signals. It operates through receptors whose molecular and physiological properties closely resemble the calcium-mobilizing ryanodine receptors of muscle. This family of intracellular calcium channels disp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Berridge MJ

更新日期：1993-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The c-myc gene product is a nuclear protein expressed in a wide variety of cell types. It has been implicated in the control of normal cell growth as well as transformation, but its exact function is unknown. When the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60 is treated with retinoic acid, the cells differentiate i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bentley DL,Groudine M

更新日期：1986-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:L-glutamate, the neurotransmitter of the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain, acts on three classes of ionotropic receptors: NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) and kainate receptors. Little is known about the physiological role of kainate receptors be...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mulle C,Sailer A,Pérez-Otaño I,Dickinson-Anson H,Castillo PE,Bureau I,Maron C,Gage FH,Mann JR,Bettler B,Heinemann SF

更新日期：1998-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic da...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Joshi PK,Esko T,Mattsson H,Eklund N,Gandin I,Nutile T,Jackson AU,Schurmann C,Smith AV,Zhang W,Okada Y,Stančáková A,Faul JD,Zhao W,Bartz TM,Concas MP,Franceschini N,Enroth S,Vitart V,Trompet S,Guo X,Chasman DI,

更新日期：2015-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, sperm and then oocytes are made from a common pool of germ-cell precursors. The decision to differentiate as a sperm or an oocyte is regulated by the sex-determining gene, fem-3. Expression of fem-3 in the hermaphrodite germ line directs spermatogenesis and must b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ahringer J,Kimble J

更新日期：1991-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of the TOR signalling pathway by genetic or pharmacological intervention extends lifespan in invertebrates, including yeast, nematodes and fruitflies; however, whether inhibition of mTOR signalling can extend lifespan in a mammalian species was unknown. Here we report that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTO...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Harrison DE,Strong R,Sharp ZD,Nelson JF,Astle CM,Flurkey K,Nadon NL,Wilkinson JE,Frenkel K,Carter CS,Pahor M,Javors MA,Fernandez E,Miller RA

更新日期：2009-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydogenase holoenzyme of Bacillus stearothermophilus possesses precise 222 symmetry: in this respect it differs from the reported structure of the lobster muscle enzyme. Pairs of active sites are linked through a flexible polypeptide loop which probably mediates the structural changes ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Biesecker G,Harris JI,Thierry JC,Walker JE,Wonacott AJ

更新日期：1977-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in the visual cortex typically respond selectively to the orientation, and velocity and direction of movement, of moving-bar stimuli. These responses are generally thought to provide information about the orientation and position of lines and edges in the visual field. Some cells are also endstopped, that is s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dobbins A,Zucker SW,Cynader MS

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Local galaxies are broadly divided into two main classes, star-forming (gas-rich) and quiescent (passive and gas-poor). The primary mechanism responsible for quenching star formation in galaxies and transforming them into quiescent and passive systems is still unclear. Sudden removal of gas through outflows or strippi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peng Y,Maiolino R,Cochrane R

更新日期：2015-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian cells proteolytically release (shed) the extracellular domains of many cell-surface proteins. Modification of the cell surface in this way can alter the cell's responsiveness to its environment and release potent soluble regulatory factors. The release of soluble tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Black RA,Rauch CT,Kozlosky CJ,Peschon JJ,Slack JL,Wolfson MF,Castner BJ,Stocking KL,Reddy P,Srinivasan S,Nelson N,Boiani N,Schooley KA,Gerhart M,Davis R,Fitzner JN,Johnson RS,Paxton RJ,March CJ,Cerretti DP

更新日期：1997-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A model catalyst is described which has properties in common with carbonic anhydrase. The model demonstrates the availability of a mechanism, previously only hypothetical, for the action of the enzyme. It also shows, however, that this mechanism alone is not adequate to produce the high activity of the enzyme. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Woolley P

更新日期：1975-12-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Segmentation of the vertebrate hindbrain into rhombomeres is important for the anterior-posterior arrangement of cranial motor nuclei and efferent nerves. Underlying this reiterated organization, Hox genes display segmentally restricted domains of expression, such as expression of Hoxb-1 (refs 5, 6) in rhombomere 4 (r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Studer M,Lumsden A,Ariza-McNaughton L,Bradley A,Krumlauf R

更新日期：1996-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A new process, antigenization of antibodies, consisting of the expression of oligopeptides in the hypervariable loops of an antibody molecule is described. The potential applications of antigenized antibodies are discussed. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zanetti M

更新日期：1992-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Crossover recombination events between homologous chromosomes are required to form chiasmata, temporary connections between homologues that ensure their proper segregation at meiosis I. Despite this requirement for crossovers and an excess of the double-strand DNA breaks that are the initiating events for meiotic reco...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Libuda DE,Uzawa S,Meyer BJ,Villeneuve AM

更新日期：2013-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In the pseudogap state of the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxide superconductors, angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements have seen Fermi arcs-that is, open-ended gapless sections in the large Fermi surface-rather than a closed loop expected of an ordinary metal. This is all the more puzzli...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Meng J,Liu G,Zhang W,Zhao L,Liu H,Jia X,Mu D,Liu S,Dong X,Zhang J,Lu W,Wang G,Zhou Y,Zhu Y,Wang X,Xu Z,Chen C,Zhou XJ

更新日期：2009-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Metazoan gene regulation often involves the pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in the promoter-proximal region. Paused Pol II is stabilized by the protein complexes DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) and negative elongation factor (NELF). Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a paused transcr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vos SM,Farnung L,Urlaub H,Cramer P

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In associative learning, the activated neurones undergo a variety of concomitant functional alterations--increases or decreases of firing activity and modifications of membrane potential or resistance and of synaptic responsiveness. Synaptic transmission which can be strengthened only when there is paired activity in ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baranyi A,Fehér O

更新日期：1981-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The theoretical maximum tensile strain--that is, elongation--of a single-walled carbon nanotube is almost 20%, but in practice only 6% is achieved. Here we show that, at high temperatures, individual single-walled carbon nanotubes can undergo superplastic deformation, becoming nearly 280% longer and 15 times narrower ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Huang JY,Chen S,Wang ZQ,Kempa K,Wang YM,Jo SH,Chen G,Dresselhaus MS,Ren ZF

更新日期：2006-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tyrosine kinases, including the receptors for hormones such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor and insulin, transmit intracellular signals through Ras proteins. Ligand binding to such receptors stimulates Ras guanine-nucleotide-exchange activity and increases the level of GTP-bound Ras, suggest...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rozakis-Adcock M,Fernley R,Wade J,Pawson T,Bowtell D

更新日期：1993-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:For cells of the innate immune system to mount a host defence response to infection, they must recognize products of microbial pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the endotoxin secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. These cellular responses require intracellular signalling pathways, such as the four MAP kinase (M...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Han J,Jiang Y,Li Z,Kravchenko VV,Ulevitch RJ

更新日期：1997-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Of the vertebrate senses, touch is the least understood at the molecular level The ion channels that form the core of the mechanosensory complex and confer touch sensitivity remain unknown. However, the similarity of the brain sodium channel 1 (BNC1) to nematode proteins involved in mechanotransduction indicated that ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Price MP,Lewin GR,McIlwrath SL,Cheng C,Xie J,Heppenstall PA,Stucky CL,Mannsfeldt AG,Brennan TJ,Drummond HA,Qiao J,Benson CJ,Tarr DE,Hrstka RF,Yang B,Williamson RA,Welsh MJ

更新日期：2000-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:When simian virus 40 (SV40) infects host cells, the viral genes are expressed in two phases. Early in infection, the virus genome is transcribed and translated to yield two related proteins, 'large T' and 'small t' antigens. Later the rate of synthesis of the early messenger RNA falls and the viral genes coding for th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： McKay R,DiMaio D

更新日期：1981-02-26 00:00:00