Problems in the assessment of blood pressure: the Framingham Study.

abstract：BACKGROUND:In large-scale epidemiological studies of stillbirths and neonatal deaths a method is needed to replace detailed medical record audits in order to determine the cause of death. METHODS:A computer-based method is presented for determination of the cause of death in stillbirths and in neonatal deaths. It util...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Winbo IG,Serenius FH,Dahlquist GG,Källen BA

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This article examines whether the neighbourhood environment influences intermediate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity (body mass index [BMI]), and lifestyle factors, such as no physical activity and smoking, when adjusted for the individual socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS:The st...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Sundquist J,Malmström M,Johansson SE

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:John Snow was a genius in epidemiology. His achievement was to evolve an elegant, internally and externally consistent theory which concerned the mechanisms and processes involved in every aspect of the subject he had chosen to study. In order to do this he did not restrict himself to any method. He used all skills av...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cameron D,Jones IG

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we examine the effects on life expectancy of elimination of 4 major causes of death. Methodologically, we compare the results of cause elimination under assumptions of pattern of failure elimination and assumptions of underlying cause elimination in a modified multiple-decrement life table framework for ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Manton KG,Patrick CH,Stallard E

更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cholesterol levels in many Asian countries are rising. Predictions of the likely effects of this on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases have mostly relied on data from Western populations. Whether the associations between total cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases are similar in Asia is not establish...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhang X,Patel A,Horibe H,Wu Z,Barzi F,Rodgers A,MacMahon S,Woodward M,Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration.

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the relationship between physical functional health and long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) independently of known risk factors in a general population. METHODS:Men and women aged 40-79 years at baseline who completed a health and lifestyle questionnaire and attended a healt...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Myint PK,Luben RN,Surtees PG,Wainwright NW,Wareham NJ,Khaw KT

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased brain tumour risk after head trauma suggested by case reports and clinical series has been previously studied epidemiologically with mixed results. An international multicentre case-control study investigated the role of head trauma from injury or sports participation in adult brain tumour risk. M...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Preston-Martin S,Pogoda JM,Schlehofer B,Blettner M,Howe GR,Ryan P,Menegoz F,Giles GG,Rodvall Y,Choi NW,Little J,Arslan A

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Consultation waiting rooms and similar medical settings, either public or private, are places where children have higher probability of acquiring some infectious diseases, especially during outbreaks. METHODS:During a measles outbreak which occurred in Lisbon in 1989 a case-control study was carried out in ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Miranda AC,Falcão J,Dias JA,Nóbrega SD,Rebelo MJ,Pimenta ZP,Saúde MD

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Research in modern biomedicine and social science requires sample sizes so large that they can often only be achieved through a pooled co-analysis of data from several studies. But the pooling of information from individuals in a central database that may be queried by researchers raises important ethico-leg...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gaye A,Marcon Y,Isaeva J,LaFlamme P,Turner A,Jones EM,Minion J,Boyd AW,Newby CJ,Nuotio ML,Wilson R,Butters O,Murtagh B,Demir I,Doiron D,Giepmans L,Wallace SE,Budin-Ljøsne I,Oliver Schmidt C,Boffetta P,Boniol M,B

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent studies suggest that small newborns who present rapid postnatal growth may have an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. On the other hand, it is widely assumed that catch-up growth is desirable for low birthweight children, but the literature on this subject is limited. METHODS:Population...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Victora CG,Barros FC,Horta BL,Martorell R

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The statistical power of prospective studies on diet in relation to chronic disease risk can be improved by maximizing the variation in true intake levels actually distinguished--or 'predicted'--by dietary questionnaire assessments collected at baseline. This can be achieved by 1) developing a questionnaire method tha...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kaaks R,Riboli E

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine whether educational attainment and intelligence have causal effects on risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently of each other. DESIGN:Two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of education on intelligence and vice versa, and the to...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Anderson EL,Howe LD,Wade KH,Ben-Shlomo Y,Hill WD,Deary IJ,Sanderson EC,Zheng J,Korologou-Linden R,Stergiakouli E,Davey Smith G,Davies NM,Hemani G

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This prospective study was performed in order to investigate the effect of baseline body mass index (BMI), BMI changes, baseline alcohol consumption, and changes in alcohol consumption on liver enzyme activity. METHODS:This study population consisted of 6846 male workers in a steel manufacturing company who...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lee DH,Ha MH,Christiani DC

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is considerable interest in the possible role of nitrate in gastric carcinogenesis, but little information on nitrate intake around the world. This is the first study to give comprehensive standardised data on nitrate excretion as a marker of intake, using 48 worldwide population samples. METHODS:Urin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hill MJ,Elliott P,Joossens JV,Packer PJ,Kesteloot H,Nichols R,Leach S,Dyer A,Stamler R,Stamler J

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hip fractures in elderly people are an important public health problem in many Western populations. Little is known of their epidemiology in Oriental populations. A comparative study of hip fracture incidence in Hong Kong and Southampton showed similar incidence rates by age and sex. In the last two decades hip fractu...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lau EM,Cooper C,Wickham C,Donnan S,Barker DJ

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of a negative control is to reproduce a condition that cannot involve the hypothesized causal mechanism, but does involve the same sources of bias and confounding that may distort the primary association of interest. Observational studies suggest physical inactivity is a major risk factor for car...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hamer M,Bauman A,Bell JA,Stamatakis E

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiologists frequently encounter studies with ordered responses. Standard ordered response logit models, such as the continuation ratio model, constrain exposure to have a homogeneous effect across thresholds of the ordered response. We demonstrate a method for fitting regression models for unconstrained, partiall...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cole SR,Ananth CV

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:To assess the worldwide variation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based data published to date. Methods:We reviewed Medline and Embase up to June 2015 and included all population-based studies of newly diagnosed ALS cases, us...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marin B,Boumédiene F,Logroscino G,Couratier P,Babron MC,Leutenegger AL,Copetti M,Preux PM,Beghi E

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hand dominance and spinal posture were studied for their prediction of the development of thoracic hyperkyphosis during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS:The cohort consisted of all the fourth-grade school children of the Western School District of Helsinki, Finland, in the spring of 1986. They were examin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nissinen M,Heliövaara M,Seitsamo J,Poussa M

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic diseases are a global problem, yet information on their determinants is generally scant in low- and middle-income countries. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) aims to contribute relevant information regarding the development and progression of clinical and subclinical chronic disea...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Schmidt MI,Duncan BB,Mill JG,Lotufo PA,Chor D,Barreto SM,Aquino EM,Passos VM,Matos SM,Molina Mdel C,Carvalho MS,Bensenor IM

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We conducted this combined analysis of available data from studies with information on this issue to clarify the association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical neoplasia. METHODS:We performed MEDLINE searches (1966-1993) using the key words and phrases 'trichomonas vaginitis' and 'neoplasm...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Zhang ZF,Begg CB

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune adherence haemagglutination assay (IAHA), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. Rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the IAHA correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determinati...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Bota CN,Anderson RK,Goyal SM,Charamella LJ,Howard DR,Briggs DJ

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD) have lower cognitive ability and are at risk of adverse educational outcomes; ADHD genetic risks have been found to predict childhood cognitive ability and other neurodevelopmental traits in the general population; thus genetic risks...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Stergiakouli E,Martin J,Hamshere ML,Heron J,St Pourcain B,Timpson NJ,Thapar A,Davey Smith G

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper contains part of the results of a repetitive and comprehensive analysis of accidents among bus drivers. In a series of articles different aspects of the aetiology of bus drivers' accidents will be highlighted. The results presented indicate a strong negative association of experience with accident risk, mod...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Blom DH,Pokorny ML,van Leeuwen P

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The increased odds of stomach cancer among subjects with blood type A have been reported in epidemiological studies. AIM:To study the relation of family history of gastric cancer and ABO blood type with precancerous gastric lesions in a high-risk area for stomach cancer. Subjects and setting We examined 340...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： You WC,Ma JL,Liu W,Gail MH,Chang YS,Zhang L,Hu YR,Fraumeni JF Jr,Xu GW

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Contact sports have high rates of injury. Protective equipment regulations are widely used as an intervention to reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury prevention effect of regulations governing protective equipment in two full-body contact sports. METHODS:Injury rates i...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marshall SW,Waller AE,Dick RW,Pugh CB,Loomis DP,Chalmers DJ

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence links chronic infections, especially burden of several infections, with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We studied joint immune response against two major periodontal pathogens and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in relation to established risk factors of CVD. METHODS:Serum ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vilkuna-Rautiainen T,Pussinen PJ,Roivainen M,Petäys T,Jousilahti P,Hovi T,Vartiainen E,Asikainen S

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of smoking habits, socio-occupational factors and respiratory symptoms in the development of airflow obstruction have been studied in a working population of 575 men aged 30-54 in 1960 and surveyed in 1960 and 1972. On average, FEV1 decreased by 47 ml/annum. Apart from FEV1 level, which reflects loss since...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kauffmann F,Drouet D,Lellouch J,Brille D

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perception of control over one's environment, particularly when faced with an ambiguous situation, has been identified as a critical cognitive process involved in worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Similarly, it is thought that individuals with lower cognitive skills feel less in control, and do n...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Martin LT,Kubzansky LD,LeWinn KZ,Lipsitt LP,Satz P,Buka SL

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Telomere length and DNA methylation have been proposed as biological clock measures that track chronological age. Whether they change in tandem, or contribute independently to the prediction of chronological age, is not known. METHODS:We address these points using data from two Scottish cohorts: the Lothian...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marioni RE,Harris SE,Shah S,McRae AF,von Zglinicki T,Martin-Ruiz C,Wray NR,Visscher PM,Deary IJ

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00