Abstract:
:Enough species have now been subject to systematic quantitative analysis of the relationship between the morphology and cellular composition of their brain that patterns begin to emerge and shed light on the evolutionary path that led to mammalian brain diversity. Based on an analysis of the shared and clade-specific characteristics of 41 modern mammalian species in 6 clades, and in light of the phylogenetic relationships among them, here we propose that ancestral mammal brains were composed and scaled in their cellular composition like modern afrotherian and glire brains: with an addition of neurons that is accompanied by a decrease in neuronal density and very little modification in glial cell density, implying a significant increase in average neuronal cell size in larger brains, and the allocation of approximately 2 neurons in the cerebral cortex and 8 neurons in the cerebellum for every neuron allocated to the rest of brain. We also propose that in some clades the scaling of different brain structures has diverged away from the common ancestral layout through clade-specific (or clade-defining) changes in how average neuronal cell mass relates to numbers of neurons in each structure, and how numbers of neurons are differentially allocated to each structure relative to the number of neurons in the rest of brain. Thus, the evolutionary expansion of mammalian brains has involved both concerted and mosaic patterns of scaling across structures. This is, to our knowledge, the first mechanistic model that explains the generation of brains large and small in mammalian evolution, and it opens up new horizons for seeking the cellular pathways and genes involved in brain evolution.
journal_name
Front Neuroanatjournal_title
Frontiers in neuroanatomyauthors
Herculano-Houzel S,Manger PR,Kaas JHdoi
10.3389/fnana.2014.00077subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-11 00:00:00pages
77issn
1662-5129journal_volume
8pub_type
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Frontiers in neuroanatomy
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