A Review of Bioactive Factors in Human Breastmilk: A Focus on Prematurity.

Abstract:

:Preterm birth is an increasing worldwide problem. Prematurity is the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age. It is associated with a higher risk of several pathologies in the perinatal period and adulthood. Maternal milk, a complex fluid with several bioactive factors, is the best option for the newborn. Its dynamic composition is influenced by diverse factors such as maternal age, lactation period, and health status. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding some bioactive factors present in breastmilk, namely antioxidants, growth factors, adipokines, and cytokines, paying specific attention to prematurity. The revised literature reveals that the highest levels of these bioactive factors are found in the colostrum and they decrease along the lactation period; bioactive factors are found in higher levels in preterm as compared to full-term milk, they are lacking in formula milk, and decreased in donated milk. However, there are still some gaps and inconclusive data, and further research in this field is needed. Given the fact that many preterm mothers are unable to complete breastfeeding, new information could be important to develop infant supplements that best match preterm human milk.

journal_name

Nutrients

journal_title

Nutrients

authors

Gila-Diaz A,Arribas SM,Algara A,Martín-Cabrejas MA,López de Pablo ÁL,Sáenz de Pipaón M,Ramiro-Cortijo D

doi

10.3390/nu11061307

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-06-10 00:00:00

issue

6

issn

2072-6643

pii

nu11061307

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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