Abstract:
STUDY QUESTION:Does maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to tobacco smoke at age 4 months increase the risk of caries in deciduous teeth? METHODS:Population based retrospective cohort study of 76 920 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Kobe City, Japan who received municipal health check-ups at birth, 4, 9, and 18 months, and 3 years and had information on household smoking status at age 4 months and records of dental examinations at age 18 months and 3 years. Smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to secondhand smoke at age 4 months was assessed by standardised parent reported questionnaires. The main outcome measure was the incidence of caries in deciduous teeth, defined as at least one decayed, missing, or filled tooth assessed by qualified dentists without radiographs. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios of exposure to secondhand smoke compared with having no smoker in the family after propensity score adjustment for clinical and lifestyle characteristics. STUDY ANSWER AND LIMITATIONS:Prevalence of household smoking among the 76 920 children was 55.3% (n=42 525), and 6.8% (n=5268) had evidence of exposure to tobacco smoke. A total of 12 729 incidents of dental caries were observed and most were decayed teeth (3 year follow-up rate 91.9%). The risk of caries at age 3 years was 14.0% (no smoker in family), 20.0% (smoking in household but without evidence of exposure to tobacco smoke), and 27.6% (exposure to tobacco smoke). The propensity score adjusted hazard ratios of the two exposure groups compared with having no smoker in the family were 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.40 to 1.52) and 2.14 (1.99 to 2.29), respectively. The propensity score adjusted hazard ratio between maternal smoking during pregnancy and having no smoker in the family was 1.10 (0.97 to 1.25). WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Exposure to tobacco smoke at 4 months of age was associated with an approximately twofold increased risk of caries, and the risk of caries was also increased among those exposed to household smoking, by 1.5-fold, whereas the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy was not statistically significant. FUNDING, COMPETING INTERESTS, DATA SHARING:This study was supported by a grant in aid for scientific research 26860415. The authors have no competing interests or additional data to share.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Tanaka S,Shinzawa M,Tokumasu H,Seto K,Tanaka S,Kawakami Kdoi
10.1136/bmj.h5397subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-21 00:00:00pages
h5397eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
351pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether use of tinzaparin, a low molecular weight heparin introduced for prophylactic management of deep vein thrombosis, increases the risk of serious postoperative bleeding leading to a higher than expected 28 day readmission rate after discharge for hysterectomy. DESIGN:Retrospective case-con...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
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doi:10.1136/bmj.38783.624444.55
更新日期:2006-04-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of treatments for non-metastatic invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin using evidence from observational studies, given the paucity of evidence from randomised controlled trials. DESIGN:Systematic review of observational studies. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, to December ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2013-11-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate pharmaceutical or medical device industry funding of patient groups. DESIGN:Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to January 2018; reference lists of eligible studies and experts in the field. ELIGIB...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期:2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the intrinsic effects of individually prescribed homoeopathic medicines. DESIGN:Randomised double blind placebo controlled study. SETTING:Paediatric outpatient department of university hospital. PATIENTS:175 children with frequently recurring upper respiratory tract infections. Of the 170 ch...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6965.1329
更新日期:1994-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether using intensive blood pressure targets leads to lower blood pressure in a community population of people with prevalent cerebrovascular disease. DESIGN:Open label randomised controlled trial. SETTING:99 general practices in England, with participants recruited in 2009-11. PARTICIPANTS:Peo...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.i708
更新日期:2016-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents a study on the sexual lifestyle of long distance lorry drivers in India. Using a questionnaire survey method, a total of 5709 consecutive long distance lorry drivers were interviewed by three trained investigators between March 1994 and August 1994. Results showed that 87% (4949 men) of subject...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
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更新日期:1999-01-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify an association between acute kidney injury and use of high potency statins versus low potency statins. DESIGN:Retrospective observational analysis of administrative databases, using nine population based cohort studies and meta-analysis. We performed as treated analyses in each database with a ne...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,多中心研究
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更新日期:2013-03-18 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2005-09-03 00:00:00
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doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6957.769
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doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6962.1137
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abstract::Lung cancer, the most prevalent cancer in the Western world, is mainly caused by smoking. Nevertheless, only 20% of smokers develop lung cancer and while prevention is important, environmental factors are expected to contribute to the predicted rise in the incidence of lung cancer in the next 25 years. Survival of lun...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7449.1162
更新日期:2004-05-15 00:00:00
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更新日期:1999-10-23 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2006-02-11 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1996-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations between childhood and adulthood social class and insulin resistance. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:23 towns across England, Scotland, and Wales. PARTICIPANTS:4286 women aged 60-79 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk fact...
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doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7368.805
更新日期:2002-10-12 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2009-04-21 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-05-24 00:00:00
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更新日期:2011-03-30 00:00:00
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更新日期:1990-10-06 00:00:00
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更新日期:1996-10-12 00:00:00
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更新日期:1993-03-06 00:00:00