Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations between childhood and adulthood social class and insulin resistance. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. SETTING:23 towns across England, Scotland, and Wales. PARTICIPANTS:4286 women aged 60-79 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS:Belonging to manual social classes in childhood and in adulthood was independently associated with increased insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and general obesity. The association between childhood social class and insulin resistance was stronger than that for adult social class. The effect, on insulin resistance and other risk factors, of belonging to a manual social class at either stage in the life course was cumulative, with no evidence of an interaction between childhood and adult social class. Women who were in manual social classes in childhood remained at increased risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and obesity--even if they moved into non-manual social classes in adulthood--compared with women who were in non-manual social classes at both stages. CONCLUSIONS:Adverse social circumstances in childhood, as well as adulthood, are strongly and independently associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and other metabolic risk factors.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Lawlor DA,Ebrahim S,Davey Smith G,British women's heart and health study.doi
10.1136/bmj.325.7368.805keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-12 00:00:00pages
805issue
7368eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
325pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Objective To examine off-label indications for antidepressants in primary care and determine the level of scientific support for off-label prescribing.Design Descriptive study of antidepressant prescriptions written by primary care physicians using an indication based electronic prescribing system.Setting Primary care...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.j603
更新日期:2017-02-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To measure the potential for cadaver organ retrieval in New South Wales and to determine the reasons for potential donors failing to become actual donors. DESIGN:Prospective audit of all patients dying in five hospitals in New South Wales between 1 December 1989 and 30 November 1990; quality assurance of th...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6838.1339
更新日期:1992-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Doctors and other health professionals in developing countries are missing out on relevant information about health. A lot of the information they need is available in the developed countries, and those who have it are happy to share it with them. But transporting information, like food or medicines, from one part of ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.939
更新日期:1994-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::An association between vasectomy and the development of testicular tumors, and the importance of testicular examinations both before and after a vasectomy is discussed. Patients diagnosed with testicular tumors within the last ten years were examined at Bangour General Hospital in Scotland. From 1977-87, 37 patients...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6721.370
更新日期:1990-02-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the feasibility of obtaining signed consent for submission of patient identifiable data to a national clinical audit database and to identify factors influencing the consent process and its success. DESIGN:Feasibility study. SETTING:Seven paediatric intensive care units in England. PARTICIP...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.38404.650208.AE
更新日期:2005-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the implications of four widely used cholesterol screening and treatment guidelines by applying them to a population in the United Kingdom. DESIGN:Guidelines were applied to population based data from a cross sectional study of cardiovascular disease and risk factors. SETTING:Newcastle upon Tyne,...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7166.1125
更新日期:1998-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative contribution of decline in bone density to the increase in risk of hip fracture with age in men and women. DESIGN:Incidence data of hip fracture from the general population were combined with the bone density distribution in a sample from the same population and with a risk estimate...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7102.221
更新日期:1997-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To understand the approaches to learning of practising physicians in their workplace and to assess the relation of these approaches to their motivation for, preferred methods of, and perceived barriers to continuing medical education. DESIGN:Postal survey of 800 Ontario physicians. PARTICIPANTS:373 physici...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1218
更新日期:2002-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::A study was conducted (a) to assess the number of patients registered with a south London general practice who over 11 weeks referred themselves to an accident and emergency department, (b) to identify the characteristics of those patients, and (c) to determine their perceptions of the services and resources available...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6657.1179
更新日期:1988-11-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the performance of a panel of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (genotypes) associated with type 2 diabetes in distinguishing incident cases of future type 2 diabetes (discrimination), and to examine the effect of adding genetic information to previously validated non-genetic (phenotype based)...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.b4838
更新日期:2010-01-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect on time to diagnosis of recurrence and on quality of life of transferring primary responsibility for follow up of women with breast cancer in remission from hospital to general practice. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial with 18 month follow up in which women received routine follow up ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7058.665
更新日期:1996-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate current processes by which young children presenting with a febrile illness but suspected of having serious bacterial infection are diagnosed and treated, and to develop and test a multivariable model to distinguish serious bacterial infections from self limiting non-bacterial illnesses. Design T...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.c1594
更新日期:2010-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of financial incentives on four clinical quality indicators common to pay for performance plans in the United Kingdom and at Kaiser Permanente in California. DESIGN:Longitudinal analysis. SETTING:35 medical facilities of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1997-2007. PARTICIPANTS:...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.c1898
更新日期:2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:(a) To investigate defensive medical practices among general practitioners; (b) to compare any such practices with general practitioners' understanding of certain aspects of the terms of service and medical negligence and practitioners' concerns about the risk of being sued or having a complaint lodged. DES...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6971.27
更新日期:1995-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Telephone helplines are an effective way of dealing with health related incidents in which large numbers of people need personal counselling or information for reassurance or case finding. Helplines often have to be set up at short notice, which is labour intensive and makes recruitment of appropriate staff difficult....
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6946.44
更新日期:1994-07-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if sufficient evidence exists to support the use of magnetic resonance angiography as a means of selecting patients with recently symptomatic high grade carotid stenosis for surgery. DESIGN:Systematic review of published research on the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance angiography, 1...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7331.198
更新日期:2002-01-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the impact of skin surgery in general practice on the workload of a pathology laboratory and to identify what further training might be helpful. DESIGN:Analysis of skin biopsy specimens from general practitioners before and after their new contract to determine numbers of specimens, changes in diagn...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6819.93
更新日期:1992-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines the impact of marital status on maternal mortality in the period before and the period after German reunification in the area covered by the former East Germany. Maternal mortality ratio prior to the reunification was stable and declined after reunification. This can be attributed to the adoption ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7217.1104
更新日期:1999-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarizes the key findings of a U.S. study of 48 primary care physicians acting as gatekeepers in a large health maintenance organization to determine the effects of their cost containment role on the doctor patient relationship. Taylor highlights some of the findings and conclusions that he believes are ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6711.1323
更新日期:1989-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::A study was conducted to investigate a novel approach to the prophylaxis of schizophrenic relapse. The treatment strategy comprised brief intermittent courses of neuroleptic agents begun as soon as non-psychotic symptoms believed to be early signs of relapse appeared. Fifty four stable, remitted outpatients meeting th...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.985
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation was conducted to determine the vehicle of infection of an outbreak of food poisoning in a large metropolitan building early in 1988. A questionnaire was distributed to 700 people who had eaten in the building during the week of the outbreak, and attack rates for specific food were calculated. Food and...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6666.99
更新日期:1989-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy five consecutive users of the Leeds disabled living foundation were surveyed. Two thirds of these users were at least moderately severely disabled. Forty eight of the 65 people (74%) who completed the questionnaire were recommended aids, and 33 had received some at the end of the survey. Only 10 of 28 people h...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6662.1523
更新日期:1988-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::In most European countries health has been shown to be linked to social circumstances--gradients in health status have persisted for decades, despite major changes in the principal causes of death. In central and eastern Europe life expectancy has stagnated since the mid-60s, whereas in the West it has increased; but ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6937.1153
更新日期:1994-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::IgG4 related disease was recognized as a unified disease entity only 15 years ago. Awareness of IgG4 related disease has increased worldwide since then, and specialists are now familiar with most of its clinical manifestations. Involvement of the pancreato-biliary tract, retroperitoneum/aorta, head and neck, and saliv...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.m1067
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine how insurance companies assess proposals for life assurance from applicants with raised cholesterol concentrations and to determine the excess mortality rating applied. DESIGN:Survey of 49 companies underwriting term life assurance. SETTING:United Kingdom. SUBJECTS:Four fictional men aged 30 se...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6781.891
更新日期:1991-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore the suitability of a screening based intervention for excessive alcohol use by describing the experiences of general practitioners who tried such an intervention in their everyday practice. DESIGN:Qualitative interviews with general practitioners who had participated in a pragmatic study of a comb...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7369.870
更新日期:2002-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify an association between acute kidney injury and use of high potency statins versus low potency statins. DESIGN:Retrospective observational analysis of administrative databases, using nine population based cohort studies and meta-analysis. We performed as treated analyses in each database with a ne...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.f880
更新日期:2013-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To measure the prevalence of breast feeding and to examine the value of using information collected on Guthrie cards (used for detecting inherited metabolic disease and hypothyroidism when newborn infants are 7 days old) to calculate this prevalence. DESIGN:Analysis, by geographical area and maternity unit, ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6932.824
更新日期:1994-03-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the cost effectiveness of different screening strategies for abdominal aortic aneurysm in men, from the perspective of a national health service. SETTING:Screening units at regional hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:Hypothetical cohort of 65 year old men from the general population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:C...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e4276
更新日期:2012-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 563 white primigravid patients at Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, were recruited in a prospective study to examine the association between maternal height, shoe size, and the outcome of labour. There was a significantly increased caesarean section rate in women of short stature but no association between mode...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6647.515
更新日期:1988-08-20 00:00:00