Abstract：
:Giardia lamblia is an early diverging eukaryote which causes gastrointestinal disease throughout the world. Different subgroups of Giardia have been defined based on several biochemical and genetic criteria. We have developed a method for stably introducing DNA into the nuclei of the parasite using puromycin acetyltransferase (pac) as a dominant selectable marker. Transfected circular DNAs were maintained as episomes in the isolate WB, a representative of one Giardia subgroup. When input DNAs were linearized, integration was observed to occur by homologous recombination producing gene replacements in this isolate. In isolate GS, which represents a different subgroup, both linear and circular transfected DNAs were integrated into the genome by homologous recombination. In GS, linear DNA again produced gene replacements, while circular DNA produced duplicative integration events. The failure of GS to replicate episomes may reflect differences in the structure or recognition of DNA replication origins between these subgroups. A plasmid shuttle vector was also developed for expression of other genes in Giardia lamblia. Utilizing the green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene in the WB isolate, we show that gene expression from this vector correlated with plasmid copy number over a range of two orders of magnitude. Together these tools should greatly enhance our ability to study both the basic biology and the pathogenesis of this ubiquitous parasite.
journal_name
Mol Biochem Parasitoljournal_title
Molecular and biochemical parasitologyauthors
Singer SM,Yee J,Nash TEdoi
10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00225-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
59-69issue
1eissn
0166-6851issn
1872-9428pii
S0166-6851(97)00225-9journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Theileria parva is a tick-transmitted intracellular protozoan parasite that causes East Coast fever, a fatal bovine lymphoproliferative disease. The molecular mechanisms that underlie host cell transformation by T. parva schizonts have been studied extensively, and it is known that the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.06.005
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloroquine is a critically important antimalarial drug and a well known intercalator into DNA. We now show that chloroquine binds more avidly to poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) than to other synthetic polynucleotides and that this binding inhibits both salt- and cobalt-induced transitions to Z-DNA. These data are consistent ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(90)90066-u
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two NAD(H)-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes were detected in Phytomonas isolated from the lactiferous tubes of Euphorbia characias. The total specific activity in crude extracts using oxaloacetate as substrate was 3.3 U mg-1 of protein. The two isoenzymes had isoelectric points of 6.0 and 7.2, respectiv...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00100-x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tegumental membrane of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci contains an ATP-diphosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.5) which hydrolyzes purine and pyrimidine nucleoside 5'-di- and 5'-triphosphates at an optimum pH of 8.5. It is Mg(2+)-dependent and insensitive to classical ATPase and phosphatase inhibitors. In solubilized tegumental...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.08.002
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic variation among malaria parasites has important consequences with regard to drug resistance, pathogenicity, immunity, transmission, and speciation. In this regard, malaria parasites have been shown to display a high degree of inter- and intra-species genetic divergence. The nuclear genomes of Plasmodium falcip...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(98)00093-0
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Messenger RNA has been isolated from adults and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni and translated in vitro in mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The in vitro translation products have been immunoprecipitated using a wide variety of hyperimmune and infection sera from rabbits, mice and humans. A large number of in vit...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(84)90029-x
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helicases are ubiquitous essential enzymes which have significant role in the nucleic acid metabolism. Using in silico approaches in the recent past we have identified a number of helicases in the Plasmodium falciparum genome. In the present study we report purification and detailed characterization of a novel helicas...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.12.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The issue of whether genetic exchange occurs at a significant frequency in natural populations of Trypanosoma brucei is controversial and one of the arguments against a high frequency has been the apparent lack of host infections with mixtures of trypanosome genotypes. Three minisatellite markers (MS42, CRAM, 292) wit...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00101-2
更新日期：1999-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic manipulation of Plasmodium falciparum in culture through transfection has provided numerous insights into the molecular and cell biology of this parasite. The procedure is rather cumbersome, and is limited by the number of drug-resistant markers that can be used for selecting transfected parasites. Here we rep...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.01.004
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection with larval trematodes has been shown to inhibit several snail-host defences, including hemocyte phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, motility, and adherence. Certain plasma factors which mediate snail defence responses, and which may be produced by host hemocytes, also appear to be altered by these parasites. In thi...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(91)90124-o
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A myofibrillar protein extract has been isolated from the muscle of Ascaris suum. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of this extract revealed that the myosin light chain 1 (ALC1) migrates as 3 components with approximate isoelectric points in the range of 5.3-5.6. The most acidic component of ALC1 appeared to be phosphor...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(81)90007-4
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have isolated and characterized a gene encoding a novel GTP-binding protein of the GTPase superfamily in the filarial parasites Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned molecule has approximately 30% overall homology to ras proteins and approximately 90% homology to the '...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(92)90175-j
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antisera from lambs immunised with the Haemonchus contortus integral membrane protein complex, Haemonchus galactose-containing glycoprotein (H-gal-GP), the lambs being refractory to subsequent challenge, were used to identify several clones from an adult H. contortus lambda gt11 cDNA library. Using gene-specific oligo...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(96)02812-5
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycoproteins of 12-28 kD from Taenia solium metacestodes provide a high specificity and sensitivity for the serological diagnosis of the central nervous system infection, neurocysticercosis. Their widespread use as antigens for routine serological assays will require their production in large and reproducible amo...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00256-0
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasma gondii differentially expresses two forms of lactate dehydrogenase in tachyzoites and bradyzoites, respectively, designated LDH1 and LDH2. Previously it was demonstrated that LDH1 and LDH2 share a unique structural feature with LDH from the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum (pLDH), namely, the additio...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00360-7
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the rapid spread of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the development of new antimalarials is an urgent need. As malaria parasites live in a highly pro-oxidant environment, their anti-oxidant defences have frequently been suggested as candidate drug targets. A key point in such defences is the prod...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.04.002
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exoglycosidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase was purified 600-fold from the muscle-stage larvae (L1) of Trichinella spiralis. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the purified enzyme-active fraction contained 4 polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 100,000, 68,000, 5...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(88)90145-4
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activities of carbamoylphosphate synthase, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotase, orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, five of the six enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis, have been measured in Crithidia fasciculata, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania major, Trichomonas vagi...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(81)90094-3
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite antigen, STARP (Sporozoite Threonine and Asparagine-Rich Protein), detected consistently on the surface of sporozoites obtained from laboratory strains and field isolates, has been identified and cloned, following a systematic approach aimed at isolating novel non-CS sporozoite...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)00012-3
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trypanosoma cruzi attaches and invades a large variety of mammalian cells by receptor-mediated interactions, one of them involving the binding of parasite trans-sialidase to host sialyl receptors. Three proteoglycan-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to probe the role of host heparin and ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)90116-3
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteases play central roles in cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites. Herein we report the cloning and characterization of a novel secretory putative metalloproteinase, Toxolysin 4 (TLN4). T. gondii tachyzoites store TLN4 in the micronemes and secrete it in response to elevated calcium, ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.01.009
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Giardia duodenalis is a widespread parasite of mammalian species, including humans. Due to its invariant morphology, investigation on aspects such as host specificity and transmission patterns requires a direct genetic characterization of cysts/trophozoites from host samples. A number of molecular assays have been dev...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.04.006
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of growth in the presence of nifurtimox on total lipids of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes was determined. Nifurtimox-treated organisms showed greater amounts of unsaturated fatty acids as compared with control cells. 18:2 was the major component in the total esterified lipid fraction. Similar results we...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(86)90127-1
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the mosquito, Plasmodium sporozoites rupture from oocysts found on the midgut wall, circulate in the hemolymph and invade salivary glands where they wait to be injected into a vertebrate host during a bloodmeal. The mechanisms by which sporozoites specifically attach to and invade salivary glands are not known but ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00124-2
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 31P NMR spectrum of the adult tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, at 37 degrees C during perfusion with physiological saline was composed of 10 peaks. Based on chemical shifts and analysis of worm extracts, the phosphorus components included glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, phosphorylcholine, glycerophosphor...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(87)90068-5
更新日期：1987-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxocariasis is a neglected disease, and its main etiological agent is the nematode Toxocara canis. Serological diagnosis is performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using T. canis excretory and secretory (TES) antigens produced by in vitro cultivation of larvae. Identification of TES proteins can be useful f...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.09.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are essential components of normal cellular physiological machinery in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic species, including parasites. Some ABC transporters, e.g., P-glycoproteins, are involved in the efflux of toxins and xenobiotics from the cell. At present, nothing ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.07.001
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) of both metacyclic and bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma congolense are shown to be anchored to the plasma membrane through a glycolipid similar to that found in Trypanosoma brucei. Release of soluble VSG from both metacyclic and bloodstream forms is associated with the exposure...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(87)90045-4
更新日期：1987-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial ATPase of Leishmania donovani was characterized using digitonin-permeabilized promastigotes and the results were compared with those from isolated mitochondria. Maximum mitochondrial ATPase activity was obtained in promastigotes permeabilized with digitonin at a final concentration of 20 microM and the s...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(93)90140-s
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Entamoeba histolytica is a human intestinal parasite that causes amebic dysentery. A cell surface amebic adhesin, the galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine inhibitable (GalNAc) lectin mediates amebic adherence to and contact-dependent killing of host cells. Previous work has suggested that the GalNAc lectin transduce...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(02)00326-2
更新日期：2003-04-03 00:00:00
