Abstract：
:Giardia duodenalis is a widespread parasite of mammalian species, including humans. Due to its invariant morphology, investigation on aspects such as host specificity and transmission patterns requires a direct genetic characterization of cysts/trophozoites from host samples. A number of molecular assays have been developed to help unravel the complex epidemiology of this infection. A coherent picture has emerged from those studies, indicating the existence of seven genetic groups (or assemblages), two of which (A and B) are found in both humans and animals, whereas the remaining five (C-G) are host-specific. Sequence-based surveys have identified a number of genotypes within assemblages A and B in animal species, some of which may have zoonotic potential. Recently, however, molecular approaches have been complicated by the recognition of intra-isolate sequence heterogeneity (i.e., "mixed templates", that affects identification of subtypes within each assemblage), and by the unreliable assignment of isolates to G. duodenalis assemblages generated by different genetic markers. This raises concerns about previous interpretation of genotyping data, especially when single genetic markers have been used. The mechanisms that may be responsible for these findings, including allelic sequence heterozygosity and meiotic recombination, are discussed.
journal_name
Mol Biochem Parasitoljournal_title
Molecular and biochemical parasitologyauthors
Cacciò SM,Ryan Udoi
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.04.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-08-01 00:00:00pages
75-80issue
2eissn
0166-6851issn
1872-9428pii
S0166-6851(08)00092-3journal_volume
160pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Benznidazole is the main drug used to treat Trypanosoma cruzi infections. However, frequent instances of treatment failure have been reported. To better understand potential resistance mechanisms, we analysed three clones isolated from a single parasite population that had undergone benznidazole-selection. These clone...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.01.002
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trypanosoma cruzi attaches and invades a large variety of mammalian cells by receptor-mediated interactions, one of them involving the binding of parasite trans-sialidase to host sialyl receptors. Three proteoglycan-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to probe the role of host heparin and ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)90116-3
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TgPrx2 represents a recently discovered cytosolic 1-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) from the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Over-expression of the respective gene confers protection against H(2)O(2), suggesting that the protein possesses peroxidase activity. According to the current nomenclature eukaryotic typical ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.12.008
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is presented that Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica, phylogenetically unrelated aerotolerant anaerobes, have crucial thiol groups on or easily accessible to their external surface. Both parasites were killed by three structurally unrelated thiol-blocking reagents which penetrate intact cells poorly or...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(84)90096-3
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genomic structure has been determined for a gene encoding a host-protective antigen of the parasitic platyhelminth Taenia ovis. An incomplete cDNA, known as 45W, encodes the protective antigen. Southern hybridisation experiments using 45W cDNA as a probe, revealed that the 45W gene was a member of a multigene family. ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)00104-u
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cloned DNA fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni hybridise strongly to Echinococcus DNA following restriction endonuclease and Southern transfer analysis. Individuals within a strain of E. granulosus exhibit identical patterns of hybridisation. However, the hybridisation patterns show significant ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(85)90016-7
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Leishmania GP63 major surface protein gene family encodes multiple isoforms which differ predominantly in the carboxyterminal region. We have isolated 4 full-length gp63 cDNA clones derived from stationary-phase promastigote RNA of a cloned isolate of Leishmania guyanensis, a member of the braziliensis complex. Th...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(93)90107-9
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hamsters infected with Opisthorchis viverrini, a liver fluke of man, showed an increased deposition of collagen in their livers. However, increased collagen breakdown as well as its synthesis were observed in the infected livers. Thus, stimulated synthesis might be the main factor responsible for the net increase in c...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(83)90035-x
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribosome biosynthesis, best studied in opisthokonts, is a highly complex process involving numerous protein and RNA factors. Yet, very little is known about the early stages of pre-18S rRNA processing even in these model organisms, let alone the conservation of this mechanism in other eukaryotes. Here we extend our kn...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.09.003
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hookworm disease is a debilitating worm infection that affects hundreds of millions of people. Despite the existence of anthelmintic drugs, reports have testified of a decrease in efficacy of these drugs. Therefore, it is imperative to find new drugs and drug targets for hookworm disease treatment. In this study we id...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.07.003
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congopain and cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinases from Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma cruzi, were compared for their activities towards a series of new, sensitive fluorogenic substrates of the papain family of cysteine proteinases and for their sensitivity to inhibition by cystatins and related biotinyla...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00085-6
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum secretes a histidine-rich protein (HRP-II) from infected erythrocytes. HRP-II has a very high content of histidine (H) (34%), alanine (A) (37%) and aspartic acid (D) (10%) and many contiguous repeats of the sequences AHH and AHHAAD. The histidine content of the protein...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(89)90117-5
更新日期：1989-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Trypanosoma brucei Tim17(TbTim17), the single member of the Tim17/23/22 protein family, is an essential component of the translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM). In spite of the conserved secondary structure, the primary sequence of TbTim17, particularly the N-terminal hydrophilic region, is significantl...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.09.003
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schistosoma mansoni leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is thought to play a central role in hatching of the miracidium from the schistosome egg. We identified two discrete LAPs genes in the S. mansoni genome, and their orthologs in S. japonicum. The similarities in sequence and exon/intron structure of the two genes, LAP1 a...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.05.002
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism controlling transcription at several telomeric expression sites for variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes in Trypanosoma brucei is unknown. Most VSG genes in expression sites have a region 5' of the gene lacking restriction enzyme sites. This 'barren region' is involved in recombination events which ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(87)90103-4
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CK2 is a ubiquitous but enigmatic kinase. The difficulty in assigning a role to CK2 centers on the fact that, to date, no biologically relevant modulator of its function has been identified. One common theme revolves around a constellation of known substrates involved in growth control, compatible with its concentrati...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.10.002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While genes encoding antigens and other highly polymorphic proteins are commonly found in subtelomeres, it is unusual to find a small family of housekeeping genes in these regions. We found that in the species Plasmodium falciparum only, a non-subtelomeric acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) gene has expanded into a family of d...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.06.004
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA processes, including transcriptional activation, are largely governed by histone modifications. For most eukaryotes, chromatin-remodeling machines have been identified that move, replace, or decorate histones. Recent studies have shed some important light on similar machinery operating in apicomplexan parasites, i...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.03.010
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present work, we evaluate in vitro the cytosolic and microsomal activity of glutathione-S-transferases in adults of Fasciola hepatica susceptible (Cullompton Strain) and resistant (Sligo Strain) to triclabendazole. The triclabendazole resistant (Sligo) fluke expressed significant major metabolic activity of glu...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.09.011
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiological role of Schistosomiasis mansoni 22.6 antigen (sm22.6 Ag) and its pathogenic effect on the human host has never been reported. Recombinant sm22.6 Ag is a homogenous polymer under non-denaturing/non-reducing conditions, and an inhibitor to human thrombin. Kinetic and Western blot assays show that the r...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.01.012
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is a heterodimer enzyme composed of a catalytic subunit (GCLC) and a modifier subunit (GCLM). This enzyme catalyses the synthesis of γ-glutamylcysteine, a precursor of glutathione. cDNAs of the putative glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (Ace-GCLC) and modifier subunits (Ace-GCLM) of A...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.07.003
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spontaneous emission of chemiluminescence by Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes was 133 +/- 5 counts s-1 (mg protein)-1. The measured intracellular steady state concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the same cells was 1.5 +/- 0.5 microM. These two values are about 12- and 15-times higher than the corresponding ones f...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(88)90093-x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the candidate schistosome antigens for the development of a circulating antigen detection diagnostic assay is the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA). Detection of CCA in urine provides a non-invasive assay with high sensitivity. Previously we reported that CCA is secreted in patients' urine as a small molecular...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00068-7
更新日期：1999-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The emergence of drug-resistant Leishmania species is a significant problem in several countries. A comparative proteomic analysis of antimony-susceptible and antimony-resistant Leishmania braziliensis (LbSbR) and Leishmania infantum chagasi (LcSbR) lines was carried out using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.06.006
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytotoxicity of ricin and diphtheria toxin was studied in culture-adapted bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Although ricin is endocytosed at a rate comparable to that of other internalized macromolecules, it is nontoxic to bloodstream-form trypanosomes. The resistance lies partly in low susceptibility of th...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00162-x
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteases play central roles in cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites. Herein we report the cloning and characterization of a novel secretory putative metalloproteinase, Toxolysin 4 (TLN4). T. gondii tachyzoites store TLN4 in the micronemes and secrete it in response to elevated calcium, ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.01.009
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleoside analogs are potential anti-Leishmania agents. To better understand how these compounds might lose their effectiveness, Leishmania were independently selected for resistance to inosine dialdehyde or tubercidin. Each of the resistant cells exhibited resistance to inosine dialdehyde and tubercidin as well as t...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(93)90129-l
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Plasmodium MSP-1 is a promising malaria vaccine candidate. However, the highly polymorphic nature of the MSP-1 gene (msp1) presents a potential obstacle for effective vaccine development. To investigate the evolutionary history of msp1 polymorphism in P. vivax, we construct phylogenetic trees of msp1 from P. vivax...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.07.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A gene which overexpresses a 36-kDa protein (p36) in tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania was mapped by transfection and overexpression to the upstream region of the drug maker in the extrachromosomal amplicon. Complete sequencing of this region revealed a single open reading frame of about 1 kb. Authenticity of the clone...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)90147-3
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The promoter region of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of Leishmania amazonensis was characterised and the transcription start point, defined by primer extension, was shown to be a T residue, 1048 nucleotides upstream of the beginning of the 18S sequence. A repetitive element of 60 bp was identified in the intergenic s...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(95)02562-6
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
