Abstract：
:The cytotoxicity of ricin and diphtheria toxin was studied in culture-adapted bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Although ricin is endocytosed at a rate comparable to that of other internalized macromolecules, it is nontoxic to bloodstream-form trypanosomes. The resistance lies partly in low susceptibility of the targeted ribosomes: T. brucei cell-free protein biosynthesis is only partially inhibited by ricin A chain. In addition, ricin is degraded before it reaches the ribosomes, as the toxin is delivered to lysosomes. In contrast, diphtheria toxin shows similar cytotoxicities for bloodstream-form trypanosomes and mouse myeloma cells. Both trypanosome and myeloma cells are more than 1000-fold less sensitive to the action of the toxin than most other mammalian cell lines, although nicked reduced diphtheria toxin inhibits cell-free protein synthesis of T. brucei and myeloma cells to the same extent as that of a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The effect of diphtheria toxin on T. brucei in vitro translation is NAD+ dependent, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 could be the cause of the inhibition as it is in mammalian cells. Thus, the toxic moiety of diphtheria toxin is suitable for preparation of cell-type-specific cytotoxic reagents directed towards trypanosomes.
journal_name
Mol Biochem Parasitoljournal_title
Molecular and biochemical parasitologyauthors
Scory S,Steverding Ddoi
10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00162-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-12-01 00:00:00pages
289-95issue
1eissn
0166-6851issn
1872-9428pii
S0166-6851(97)00162-Xjournal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Survival of Onchocerca volvulus, a pathogenic human filarial parasite, is likely to depend upon the detoxification activities of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The 24 kDa O. volvulus GST, OvGST2, was expressed in a bacterial system and the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatogra...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(96)02660-6
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have cloned and expressed the full-length gene encoding the hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGXPRTase) from the anaerobic protozoan parasite Tritrichomonas foetus. This enzyme is essential in nucleic acid metabolism of T. foetus because the parasite is unable to synthesize purine nucleotide...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)90058-2
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs) are a highly conserved subfamily of the Ras small GTPases with crucial roles in vesicle budding and membrane trafficking. Unlike in other eukaryotes, the orthologue of Arf1 in the host bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei is essential for the maintenance of endocytosis. In contras...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.06.009
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During blood-stage infection, malaria parasites export numerous proteins to the host erythrocyte. The Poly-Helical Interspersed Sub-Telomeric (PHIST) proteins are an exported family that share a common 'PRESAN' domain, and include numerous members in Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. In ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.07.011
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A neutralizing antiserum, C16, raised against sporozoites of Theileria parva parva was used to screen a lambda gt11 expression library of T. parva parva (Muguga) genomic DNA fragments. Proteins encoded by one phage clone, lambda TpS-17, were reactive with the C16 antiserum. Detailed characterisation of the DNA insert ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(90)90007-9
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 25-kb CpFAS1 gene from Cryptosporidium parvum has been engineered and expressed as five individual maltose-binding protein (MBP)-fusion proteins: an N-terminal loading unit, three fatty acyl elongation modules, and a C-terminal reductase. Enzymatic activities of all domains (except the reductase) were individually a...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.11.011
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta 1,3-glucan recognition proteins (GRP) have specific affinity for beta 1,3-glucan, a component on the surface of fungi and bacteria. By interacting with beta 1,3-glucan, GRP initiates activation of prophenoloxidase, a key enzyme in the signaling pathway leading to melanotic encapsulation in invertebrates. In this ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.09.009
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have established that the ISO1 glucose transporter of Leishmania enriettii resides primarily in the flagellar membrane, whereas the ISO2 glucose transporter is located in the pellicular plasma membrane surrounding the cell body. This pronounced difference in subcellular targeting is conferred by the N...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.01.009
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic manipulation of Plasmodium falciparum in culture through transfection has provided numerous insights into the molecular and cell biology of this parasite. The procedure is rather cumbersome, and is limited by the number of drug-resistant markers that can be used for selecting transfected parasites. Here we rep...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.01.004
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteases play central roles in cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii and other apicomplexan parasites. Herein we report the cloning and characterization of a novel secretory putative metalloproteinase, Toxolysin 4 (TLN4). T. gondii tachyzoites store TLN4 in the micronemes and secrete it in response to elevated calcium, ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.01.009
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Earlier studies in this laboratory had shown that the malarial parasite can synthesize heme de novo and inhibition of the pathway leads to death of the parasite. It has been proposed that the pathway for the biosynthesis of heme in Plasmodium falciparum is unique involving three different cellular compartments, namely...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.06.012
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) plays crucial roles in the maintenance of lysosome/vacuole morphology, membrane trafficking and regulation of endolysosome-localized membrane channel activity. In Toxoplasma gondii, we previously reported that PI(3,5)P2 is essential for parasite su...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.03.011
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Topoisomerases are enzymes that participate in many cellular functions involving topological manipulation of DNA strands. There are two types of topoisomerases in the cell: (a) type I topoisomerases; and (b) type II topoisomerases (topo II). Previously we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding Trypanosoma cruzi t...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(98)00066-8
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The complete sequence of the gene coding for the S antigen from the Wellcome (West African) strain of Plasmodium falciparum has been obtained. It contains a central repetitive region consisting of 65 copies of a partially degenerate 24 bp sequence, coding for a conserved 8 amino acid repeat (Gly Pro Asn Ser Asp Gly As...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(88)90174-0
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MRE11 is a conserved multi-functional protein that is important for maintaining genomic integrity in yeast and mammalian cells. By database searching, we identified a full-length candidate MRE11 on Trypanosoma brucei chromosome II. We subsequently cloned and sequenced the corresponding gene from the Lister 427 strain....
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(02)00165-2
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study on isolated cercarial bodies demonstrates that the biological transformation from cercaria to schistosomulum and the biochemical transition from an aerobic to an anaerobic energy metabolism are separate processes, which are not necessarily linked. The metabolic transition depends on the external glucose con...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(92)90202-u
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis affects canine and feline hosts. Moreover, the parasite can infect humans, causing pulmonary dirofilariosis. Most affected dogs have patent infections with circulating microfilariae in peripheral blood, although infected dogs sometimes develop occult infections character...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.03.005
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Steroids and retinoids are important regulators of development in invertebrates and vertebrates. The central mediators of action of these compounds are their cognate receptors, which together form a family of proteins known as the nuclear receptor family. Previous studies have demonstrated that the genome of Onchocerc...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00152-8
更新日期：1999-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic cells can degrade their own components, cytosolic proteins and organelles, using dedicated hydrolases contained within the acidic interior of their lysosomes. This degradative process, called autophagy, is used under starvation conditions to recycle redundant or less important macromolecules, facilitates me...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.02.003
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteins in malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) isolated from a patient in Thailand before treatment, and after recrudescence of infection subsequent to mefloquine treatment, were compared by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) analysis. Nine 'pre-treatment' and six 'recrudescent' clones...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(87)90151-4
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homogenates of Trypanoplasma borelli were subjected to subcellular fractionation by sequential differential and isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the glycolytic enzymes, glucosephosphate isomerase and triosephosphate isomerase, as well as the peroxisomal marker enzyme catalase...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(88)90108-9
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benznidazole is the main drug used to treat Trypanosoma cruzi infections. However, frequent instances of treatment failure have been reported. To better understand potential resistance mechanisms, we analysed three clones isolated from a single parasite population that had undergone benznidazole-selection. These clone...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.01.002
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RAB proteins are small GTPases with vital roles in eukaryotic intracellular transport; orthologous RABs appear to fulfil similar functions in diverse organisms. Trypanosoma brucei spp., the causative organisms of Old World trypanosomiasis of humans and domestic animals, have extremely effective endocytic and exocytic ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.01.017
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was found that the digenetic trypanosomatid Endotrypanum schaudinni transferred Man7GlcNAc2 in protein N-glycosylation. Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-sensitive oligosaccharides were identified as Man7GlcNAc2, Man6GlcNAc2, Rib1Man6GlcNAc2 and/or Gal1Man6GlcNAc2, Man5GlcNAc containing two galactose or ribose un...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)00195-s
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A genomic clone, pTt21, containing DNA apparently transcribed specifically in Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes, was obtained by differentially screening a genomic library with trypomastigote and epimastigote cDNA. This 3444-bp clone contained open reading frames at each end, separated by a 1.8-kb non-coding region. T...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(92)90159-h
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical modifications of Class I aldolases from Trypanosoma brucei, rabbit muscle and Staphylococcus aureus with carboxypeptidase A, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and cysteine-specific reagents revealed the following differences between the three homologous enzymes. Aldolase from S. aureus was not affected by any of the...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(91)90143-t
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are essential components of normal cellular physiological machinery in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic species, including parasites. Some ABC transporters, e.g., P-glycoproteins, are involved in the efflux of toxins and xenobiotics from the cell. At present, nothing ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.07.001
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasmepsins (PM), aspartic proteases of Plasmodium, comprises a family of ten proteins that perform critical functions in Plasmodium life cycle. Except VII and VIII, functions of the remaining plasmepsin members have been well characterized. Here, we have generated a mutant parasite lacking PM VII in Plasmodium berghe...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.05.004
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock animals is caused by infection with the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. A number of genotypes of the parasite (designated G1-G10) are known to exist, with the genotype cluster G1-G3 and genotype G6 being responsible for the majority of humans infections. A recomb...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.02.005
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for a 50-60-fold purification of a cysteine proteinase from trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica using 35-80% ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel chromatography on Sephadex G-75, and preparative isoelectric focusing is described. The enzyme was examined for its proteolytic potencies towards native enzyme su...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(86)90054-x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
