Abstract：
:The human circadian timing system has previously been shown to free run with a period slightly longer than 24 h in subjects living in the laboratory under conditions of forced desynchrony. In forced desynchrony, subjects are shielded from bright light and periodic time cues and are required to live on a day length outside the range of circadian entrainment. The work schedule used for most personnel aboard American submarines is 6 h on duty alternating with 12 h off duty. This imposed 18-h cycle is too short for human circadian synchronization, especially given that there is no bright-light exposure aboard submarines. However, crew members are exposed to 24-h stimuli that could mediate synchronization, such as clocks and social contacts with personnel who are living on a 24-h schedule. The authors investigated circadian rhythms of salivary melatonin in 20 crew members during a prolonged voyage on a Trident nuclear submarine. The authors found that in crew members living on the 18-h duty cycle, the endogenous rhythm of melatonin showed an average period of 24.35 h (n = 12, SD = 0.18 h). These data indicate that social contacts and knowledge of clock time are insufficient for entrainment to a 24-h period in personnel living by an 18-h rest-activity cycle aboard a submarine.
journal_name
J Biol Rhythmsjournal_title
Journal of biological rhythmsauthors
Kelly TL,Neri DF,Grill JT,Ryman D,Hunt PD,Dijk DJ,Shanahan TL,Czeisler CAdoi
10.1177/074873099129000597subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
190-6issue
3eissn
0748-7304issn
1552-4531journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Endogenous circadian rhythms are involved in various photoperiodic responses of birds. Investigations involving the mechanisms of photoperiodic time measurement in birds have been confined mainly to temperate zone species using males exclusively. Due to the paucity of experimental evidence on subtropical birds that ha...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049501000405
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined spatial working memory in the Morris water maze during the activity and rest periods of Wistar rats. Wheel-running activity was measured continuously as a marker of circadian phase. To minimize possible masking effects on performance, animals were placed in constant dim light the day before testin...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730404265688
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The annual cycle of reproductive function in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) is driven by seasonal changes in daylength and consists of a 6-month period of photosensitivity, culminating in maximal gonadal development, followed by a 6-month period of photorefractoriness. If male starlings are held under a constant photope...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049300800204
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transplantation of the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in arrhythmic SCN-lesioned rats can reinstate circadian drinking rhythms in 40% to 50% of the cases. In the current article, it was investigated whether the failure in the other rats could be due to the absence of a circadian rhythm in the grafted SCN, using a...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873099129000416
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals of the shore crab Carcinus maenas were exposed to artificial cycles, applied in tidal antiphase, of pairs of the three major environmental variables that entrain circatidal rhythmicity in this species: salinity, temperature, and hydrostatic pressure. During entrainment, the observed locomotor activity patt...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049000500405
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intertidal species have both circadian and circatidal clocks. Although the behavioral evidence for these oscillators is more than 5 decades old, virtually nothing is known about their molecular clockwork. Pigment-dispersing hormones (PDHs) were originally described in crustaceans. Their insect homologs, pigment-disper...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730411420242
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced sensitivity to short-wavelength (blue) light with age has been shown for light-induced melatonin suppression. The current research aimed to determine if a similar age-related reduction occurs in subjective alertness, mood, and circadian phase-advancing responses. Young (n = 11, 23.0 +/- 2.9 years) and older (n...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730408328973
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The circadian rhythm of eclosion activity and its pacemaker were analyzed in a series of latitudinal races of Drosophila auraria ranging from 34.2 degrees to 42.9 degrees N in Japan. The phase of the rhythm (psi EL) to the daily photoperiod (PP) changes as daylength is increased, and the slope of psi EL (PP) changes w...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An outstanding unresolved issue in chronobiology is how the level of locomotor activity influences length of the free-running, endogenous circadian period (tau). To address this issue, the authors studied a novel model, 4 replicate lines of laboratory house mice (Mus domesticus) that had been selectively bred for high...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730403256998
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adjustment of hamsters to advanced light-dark (LD) cycles can be greatly accelerated by scheduling a single 3-hr bout of extra activity in a novel running wheel, starting about 7 hr before the time when the animals become active in the preceding LD cycle. The present experiments were designed to provide stronger e...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873048900400305
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The circadian clock controls 24-h biological rhythms in our body, influencing many time-related activities such as sleep and wake. The simplest circadian clock is found in cyanobacteria, with the proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC generating a self-sustained circadian oscillation of KaiC phosphorylation and dephosphorylati...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730419851655
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 12-hr dark period, at a temperature high enough to permit time measurement to occur, is necessary for maximal induction of larval diapause in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. In the present study, induction of diapause only occurred in a periodic environment. This was in the form of certain (1) light-dar...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873048600100205
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging alters numerous aspects of circadian biology, including the amplitude of rhythms generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the site of the central circadian pacemaker in mammals, and the response of the pacemaker to environmental stimuli such as light. Although previous studies have desc...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730403251802
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Past research has shown that there is a circadian oscillator in laboratory rats that is entrained by restricted feeding schedules. However, in laboratory rats at least, the light-dark (LD) cycle is the dominant zeitgeber in the entrainment of wheel-running activity rhythms. Given that dasyurid marsupials are predomina...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873048900400104
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In isolated slices of hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons were recorded intracellularly. Blockade of Ca++ channels increased spike duration, eliminating an early component of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed evoked spikes. The duration and reversal potential of AHPs were, however, unaffec...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049000500106
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Austrovenus stutchburyi is an intertidal, burrowing, filter-feeding bivalve. It exhibits a strong, approximately tidal pattern in the time of gaping of its valves when in constant laboratory conditions. Individuals that have been held in laboratory conditions long enough to lose their overt gaping pattern will respond...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049701200208
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abstract The cyanobacterial clock protein KaiC regulates the circadian cycle by exhibiting rhythms in transcription, translation, and phosphorylation. KaiC phosphorylation persists in circadian cycling even under transcription-less conditions and was reconstituted in vitro by incubating KaiC, KaiA, and KaiB. This pres...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730406291329
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female Drosophila melanogaster, like many other organisms, exhibit different behavioral repertoires after mating with a male. These postmating responses (PMRs) include increased egg production and laying, increased rejection behavior (avoiding further male advances), decreased longevity, altered gustation and decrease...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730416668048
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mammals, molecular circadian rhythms are generated by autoregulatory transcriptional-translational feedback loops with PERIOD/CRYPTOCHROME containing complexes inhibiting the transcription of their own genes. Although the major circadian oscillator components seem to be identified, an increasing number of additiona...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730415587407
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives and maintains 24-h physiological rhythms, the phases of which are set by the local environmental light-dark cycle. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) communicates photic phase setting signals in the SCN by increasing neurophysiological activity of ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730410396678
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have demonstrated sleep-promoting effects of melatonin treatment in humans, as evidenced by subjects' self-reports, polysomnographic recordings, and continuous actigraphic registration of motor activity. The sleep-promoting effects of either physiological or pharmacological doses of melatonin typicall...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/074873049701200620
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian circadian pacemaker is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Various inputs modulate pacemaker phase, including the serotonergic (5HTergic) input from the midbrain raphe. 5HT phase-advances the SCN pacemaker when applied during mid subjective day. In vitro studies indicate that 5HT advances the m...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873002129002429
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives and synchronizes daily rhythms at the cellular level via transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprising clock genes such as Bmal1 and Period (Per). Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a serine/threonine kinase, phosphorylates at least 5 core clock proteins and shows diu...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1177/0748730415573167
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the anatomical and molecular substrates of the system that encodes changes in photoperiod in the duration of melatonin secretion, and the receptor molecules that read this signal, have been shown to be conserved in monkeys and humans, and the functions of this system appear to be intact from the level of the r...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/074873001129002060
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin in humans provides information regarding the resetting response of the human circadian timing system to changes in the light-dark (LD) cycle. Alterations in the LD cycle have both acute and chronic effects on the observed melatonin rhythm. Investigations to date have firmly...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/074873049701200610
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How the cellular elements of the SCN are synchronized to each other is not well understood. We explore circadian oscillations manifest at the level of the cell, the tissue, and the whole animal to better understand intra-SCN synchrony and master clock function of the nucleus. At each level of analysis, responses to va...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0748730409344800
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess binocular interactions and possible ocular dominance in entrainment of circadian rhythms, Syrian hamsters maintained in LL were subjected for several weeks to schedules of eye occlusion with opaque contact lenses. In separate groups, the opaque lens was inserted into the left or right eye for 12 h at the sam...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730404272967
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The SCN has long had organizational schemas imposed on it. In most, the SCN is dichotomized, with one region typically associated with the presence of vasopressin cells and the other associated with cells containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and certain afferent terminal fields. If assumed to be accurate, the ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0748730406296749
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether the circatidal rhythm is generated by a machinery common to the circadian clock is one of the important and interesting questions in chronobiology. The mangrove cricket Apteronemobius asahinai shows a circatidal rhythm generating active and inactive phases and a circadian rhythm modifying the circatidal rhythm...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730413516309
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Odors elicit a number of behavioral responses, including attraction and repulsion in Drosophila. In this study, the authors used a T-maze apparatus to show that wild-type Drosophila melanogaster exhibit a robust circadian rhythm in the olfactory attractive and repulsive responses. These responses were lower during the...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730405274451
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
