Abstract:
:Exposures of human populations to pesticides and industrial pollutants, and to synthetic chemicals present in foods, beverages, and plastics, have raised concern that these substances can interfere with endogenous sex hormone function. Interference with sex hormone action can, in turn, result in a variety of developmental and reproductive anomalies. Compounds in this class are thus referred to as endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs that affect reproductive processes in vertebrates act primarily by altering oestrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. The recent cloning of a second oestrogen receptor (ER) subtype (ERbeta) and its widespread tissue distribution pattern indicates that the first ER to be cloned, ERalpha, may not be the only, or even the primary, mediator of oestrogen action. It is anticipated that this discovery will lead to development of antagonist compounds specific to either ER subtype, and help to determine the function of each receptor subtype in reproductive and other tissues. Growing evidence suggests that EDs interfere with reproductive function at low exposure levels and cause distinct effects at different concentrations within the same organ. Developing organisms have increased susceptibility to the actions of EDs because differentiating tissues are more vulnerable to changes in hormonal milieu. Thus, children are at greater risk of toxicant-related illnesses than adults. However, most data are collected from laboratory studies, and it remains to be determined that the levels of chemicals in the environment can impair human reproductive health. There is also significant genetic variability between human and animal species in their reactions to chemicals. The effects of low-dose, chronic, and multiple chemical exposures warrant further investigation in order to characterize the risk of environmental agents to humans. The aims of this review, which will focus on male reproduction, are to: 1) identify synthetic chemicals in the environment that fall into the ED class; 2) describe their mechanisms of toxicity in reproductive tissues; and, 3) outline the direction of future research efforts with respect to EDs.
journal_name
Ann Medjournal_title
Annals of medicineauthors
Akingbemi BT,Hardy MPdoi
10.3109/07853890108995952subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-01 00:00:00pages
391-403issue
6eissn
0785-3890issn
1365-2060journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Congruence of evidence from all medical research methodologies has established the major causal influences in cardiovascular disease. Causation thus established, epidemiological observations are the best available evidence on which to base estimates of the potential of preventive strategies. From population comparison...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853898909149926
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of exercise echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The results were compared to findings of coronary angiography. 118 patients, 100 males and 18 females, who were all referred to coronary angiography for suspected ischaemic heart disease, u...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3109/07853899608999078
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of patients with low back pain offer no objective clinical findings on which to make a diagnosis on the basis of physical examination. Therefore a diagnostic categorization of complaint based on duration and location is proposed. The justification for this organization is the assumption that the majority ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853898909149215
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases has been increasing for the last four decades. In this review determinants for an increased IgE synthesis are discussed on both an epidemiological and on an immunological level with special emphasis on the differentiation of the B cell to an IgE-produ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701449354
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regular presence and persistence of specific serum antibodies in Helicobacter pylori infection gives an excellent tool for diagnostic work. Eradication of the infection leads to gradual disappearance of the gastritis and decrease of specific serum antibodies. The fall of IgG and IgA antibody titres can be followed wit...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899509002477
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: The use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in hospitalized patients is an area of active research. We aimed to compare the efficacy and the safety of the basal-bolus insulin regimen versus linagliptin-basal insulin in non-critically ill non-cardiac surgery patients in a real-world setting. Methods: We ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1080/07853890.2019.1613672
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Aiming at identifying biomarkers for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the serum proteome was explored through a two-dimensional gel-based proteomic approach (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry and database interrogation. METHODS:Serum samples from 20 male HCM patients and their sex- and age-matched...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2013.792555
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells with stem cell-like attributes, such as self-renewal and pluripotency, have been isolated from hematological malignancies and from several solid tumor types. Tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells, are thought to be responsible for the initiation and growth of tumors. Like their normal cou...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890802021342
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::On average, 15,000 cases of measles occurred annually in Finland before the initiation of a vaccination programme in 1975. Because of insufficient activity, the vaccination coverage failed to reach the required level of over 90%, and cases continued to occur. The policy was revolutionized in 1982 by launching a projec...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.3109/07853899808999395
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years a revival of interest has emerged in the health benefits of intermittent fasting and long-term fasting, as well as of other related nutritional strategies. In addition to meal size and composition a new focus on time and frequency of meals has gained attention. The present review will investigate the e...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2020.1770849
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aggregates of dysfunctional proteins and peptides in or between brain neurons are key neuropathological features of dementia and are believed to directly cause or substantially contribute to the development of these diseases. Fundamental parts of the mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of proteins in Alzheimer's d...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/078538902320322529
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of the beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The fact that HRT is increasingly advocated has raised concern about possible adverse effects weighed against the potential benefits of HRT regimens. Both favourab...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899809002485
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Previous studies have shown that both triglyceride glucose (TyG) and haemoglobin glycation indexes (HGI) are predictors of cardiovascular risk. However, the prognostic value of TyG index and HGI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is not determined. METHODS:We ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2018.1523549
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate if pulse pressure (PP) is a risk predictor for atrial fibrillation (AF) in a longitudinal study of 60-year-old men and women from Stockholm (n = 4,232), free from AF at baseline, with primary end-point incident AF. METHODS:AF diagnoses were obtained from the national hospital discharge register. The es...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1100321
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field utilizing the potential of stem cells and the regenerative capability of the body to restore, maintain, or enhance tissue and organ functions. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self-renew but also differentiate into several somatic cells when subjected the a...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.573805
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Second primary cancers are a difficult problem in the upper aerodigestive tract and in several other organ sites. Among patients with early stage head and neck cancers, second primary tumours are a primary cause of death. It has been postulated that such second cancers represent new tumours developing from carcinogen-...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899609033118
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are recognized as conditions of growing biomedical importance to societies worldwide. Despite this, lack of understanding concerning the processes which normally serve to maintain weight and to regulate glucose concentrations, and ignorance about the mechanisms by which these homeosta...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701670421
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the relationship between the FRAX index and the Barthel index/MiniMental State Examination in older people. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Observational descriptive study. Demographic data, comorbidity, dependency and cognitive state, and risk of osteoporotic fracture were collected. RESULTS:A total of 375 ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2018.1505052
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last three decades the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been growing worldwide along with an increase of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In children and adolescents such epidemics are particularly worrisome, since the metabolic consequences in adulthoo...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2010.547869
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, morbidity and mortality among working-age adults, we undertook a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of various lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol intake reduc...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3109/07853890009011767
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity in males is accompanied by a significant decrease in testosterone levels. This decrease is essentially a consequence of the decrease of the sex hormone binding hormone (SHBG) binding capacity, itself probably the consequence of the increased insulin levels. In moderate obesity, free testosterone levels are nor...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899608999068
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Eastern-born male Finns, irrespective of their place of residence, have high mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), and half of such deaths are sudden. AIM:To study whether eastern birthplace alone or combined with life-style factors predicts risk for prehospital sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the new ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890802258753
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcoholism is a complex disorder involving both genetic and environmental factors and interactions between them. Localizing and characterizing the genetic influences on susceptibility to alcohol dependence may provide new insights into pathology and new avenues for treatment and prevention. However, because of the com...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310004903
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adding to the difficulty of interpreting the human genome sequence and annotating protein sequence databases is the observation that a single protein can 'moonlight' or perform multiple, apparently unrelated, functions. This review summarizes examples of moonlighting proteins in cellular activities and biochemical pat...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310004101
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Commercial nucleic acid amplification tests, designed for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA/RNA in respiratory samples, are often applied also in nonrespiratory specimens in order to verify the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. AIM. To evaluate the value of the Abbott LCx Mycobacterium ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.3109/07853890109002060
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new form of acute hepatic porphyria with double genetic defect--deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase--is described. Among 17 studied family members this double enzymatic deficiency was found in five individuals, deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase in four, and deficiency of copr...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899409147341
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radioimmunoassay method for endothelin was developed. Antisera raised against endothelin 1 showed significant crossreaction with endothelin 2 and 3 (45 and 13%, respectively). Considerable endothelin immunoreactivity was shown to be present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, rangi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899009148932
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory diseases are on the rise in westernized countries, but also in urbanized areas of developing countries. A number of studies have now demonstrated a negative association between helminth infections and inflammatory diseases, such as allergy, suggesting a potential role for helminth-induced immune responses...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701436765
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythropoietin (EPO) is of special interest in the perinatal period in the mother and fetus. On the one hand, thanks to the recent development of highly sensitive radio-immunoassays and the ability to monitor endogenous EPO production, we can now study the physiological aspects of maternal and fetal erythropoiesis and...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aetiology of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) involves genetic predisposition, a major component of which has been mapped in the HLA complex, near to or identical with genes encoding class II molecules. In Caucasian populations IDDM is strongly associated with the serologically defined HLA-DR3 and DR4 antigens, w...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899109148086
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00