Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition.

Abstract:

:In recent years a revival of interest has emerged in the health benefits of intermittent fasting and long-term fasting, as well as of other related nutritional strategies. In addition to meal size and composition a new focus on time and frequency of meals has gained attention. The present review will investigate the effects of the main forms of fasting, activating the metabolic switch from glucose to fat and ketones (G-to-K), starting 12-16 h after cessation or strong reduction of food intake. During fasting the deactivation of mTOR regulated nutrient signalling pathways and activation of the AMP protein kinase trigger cell repair and inhibit anabolic processes. Clinical and animal studies have clearly indicated that modulating diet and meal frequency, as well as application of fasting patterns, e.g. intermittent fasting, periodic fasting, or long-term fasting are part of a new lifestyle approach leading to increased life and health span, enhanced intrinsic defences against oxidative and metabolic stresses, improved cognition, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular risk in both obese and non-obese subjects. Finally, in order to better understand the mechanisms beyond fasting-related changes, human studies as well as non-human models closer to human physiology may offer useful clues.KEY-MESSAGESBiochemical changes during fasting are characterised by a glucose to ketone switch, leading to a rise of ketones, advantageously used for brain energy, with consequent improved cognition.Ketones reduce appetite and help maintain effective fasting.Application of fasting patterns increases healthy life span and defences against oxidative and metabolic stresses.Today's strategies for the use of therapeutic fasting are based on different protocols, generally relying on intermittent fasting, of different duration and calorie intake.Long-term fasting, with durations between 5 and 21 days can be successfully repeated in the course of a year.

journal_name

Ann Med

journal_title

Annals of medicine

authors

Wilhelmi de Toledo F,Grundler F,Sirtori CR,Ruscica M

doi

10.1080/07853890.2020.1770849

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-08-01 00:00:00

pages

147-161

issue

5

eissn

0785-3890

issn

1365-2060

journal_volume

52

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Depression, antidepressant use, and risk of venous thromboembolism: systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational evidence.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Evidence on the association between depression, antidepressant use and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk is conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies evaluating the associations of depression and antidepressant use with VTE risk. DESIGN:Eligible studies ...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1080/07853890.2018.1500703

    authors: Kunutsor SK,Seidu S,Khunti K

    更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study: general outline and recent developments.

    abstract::The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a collaborative effort of all university departments of paediatrics and several other institutions in Finland to study the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and their determinants in children and adolescents in different parts of the country. The main cross-se...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Akerblom HK,Viikari J,Raitakari OT,Uhari M

    更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00

  • Nationwide survey to compare the prevalence of transient elevation of liver transaminase during treatment of diabetic ketosis or ketoacidosis in new-onset acute and fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AIMS:A mild increase in liver enzyme levels is sometimes observed in patients with diabetic ketosis or ketoacidosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the cause and prevalence of the elevation of liver transaminase levels in fulminant and acute-onset type 1 diabetic patients experiencing diabetic ke...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/07853890802032711

    authors: Takaike H,Uchigata Y,Iwamoto Y,Imagawa A,Iwahashi H,Kanatsuka A,Kawasaki E,Kobayashi T,Shimada A,Shimizu I,Maruyama T,Hanafusa T,Makino H

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Progression of venous pathology after pacemaker and cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: A prospective serial venographic study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Prospective data on development of venous obstruction after electrode implantation are limited. We performed a prospective study on 150 patients undergoing first pacemaker implantation. METHODS:Venographies at base-line and 6 months postimplantation in all patients, 50 patients included into a long...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/07853890802498961

    authors: Korkeila P,Ylitalo A,Koistinen J,Airaksinen KE

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Drug development for neurodegenerative diseases: role of PET.

    abstract::There are few relevant animal models for neurodegenerative diseases to be used for human drug development. Most current drugs for neurodegenerative diseases act through different neurotransmitter systems. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a unique tool in the study of neurodegenerative diseases as it enables quant...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3109/07853899908998803

    authors: Rinne JO

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of bosentan on cellular processes involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension: do they explain the long-term benefit?

    abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rapidly progressing disease characterized by an over- expression of endothelin. In addition to its potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor effects, endothelin has been shown to produce many of the aberrant changes, such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and neurohormonal activation ...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/07853890310017477

    authors: Clozel M

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2 inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutics: hypes, hopes and reality.

    abstract::Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and specific inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, are therapeutic groups widely used for the treatment of pain, inflammation and fever. There is growing experimental and clinical evidence indicating NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors also have anti-cancer activity. Epidemiologi...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/07853890310017053

    authors: Rüegg C,Zaric J,Stupp R

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Triggers of IgE class switching and allergy development.

    abstract::The prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases has been increasing for the last four decades. In this review determinants for an increased IgE synthesis are discussed on both an epidemiological and on an immunological level with special emphasis on the differentiation of the B cell to an IgE-produ...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/07853890701449354

    authors: Poulsen LK,Hummelshoj L

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Dyslipidemia is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction in subjects with chronic kidney disease.

    abstract:AIM:To evaluate dyslipidemia as predictor of myocardial infarction (MI) in subjects with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS:In 142,394 middle-aged Swedes referred for laboratory evaluation, glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. CK...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3109/07853890.2010.532153

    authors: Holzmann MJ,Jungner I,Walldius G,Ivert T,Nordqvist T,Ostergren J,Hammar N

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term consequences of maternal overweight in pregnancy on offspring later health: findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Maternal obesity has consequences for the offspring's later health. Only few studies have focused upon the long-term consequences of maternal obesity on the offspring's later health. METHODS:A total of 13,345 men and women born in Helsinki during 1934-44...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.919728

    authors: Eriksson JG,Sandboge S,Salonen MK,Kajantie E,Osmond C

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of canrenone on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.

    abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effects of canrenone compared to placebo on blood pressure control, some non-conventional biomarkers in cardiovascular stratification, and on metalloproteinases in patients affected by metabolic syndrome. METHODS:A total of 156 Caucasian patients were treated with placebo or canrenone, 50 mg once a...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.969303

    authors: Derosa G,Romano D,Bianchi L,D'Angelo A,Maffioli P

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Monitoring of cardiovascular disease and risk factor trends: experiences from the WHO/MONICA project.

    abstract::The WHO Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) Project was initiated in the early 1980s with the main objective of assessing the extent to which trends in coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are related to changes in known risk factors, daily living habits...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3109/07853899409147329

    authors: Gutzwiller F

    更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00

  • Human mesenchymal stem cells do not differentiate into cardiomyocytes in a cardiac ischemic xenomodel.

    abstract:AIM:As the capability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to engraft, differentiate and improve myocardial function cannot be studied in humans, exploration was performed in a xenomodel. METHODS:The rats were divided into three groups depending on the type of rats used (Rowett nude (RNU) or Fischer rats +/- immunos...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/07853890500422982

    authors: Grinnemo KH,Månsson-Broberg A,Leblanc K,Corbascio M,Wärdell E,Siddiqui AJ,Hao X,Sylvén C,Dellgren G

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Multifunctional proteins: examples of gene sharing.

    abstract::Adding to the difficulty of interpreting the human genome sequence and annotating protein sequence databases is the observation that a single protein can 'moonlight' or perform multiple, apparently unrelated, functions. This review summarizes examples of moonlighting proteins in cellular activities and biochemical pat...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/07853890310004101

    authors: Jeffery CJ

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Coexistence of hereditary coproporphyria with acute intermittent porphyria.

    abstract::A new form of acute hepatic porphyria with double genetic defect--deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase--is described. Among 17 studied family members this double enzymatic deficiency was found in five individuals, deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase in four, and deficiency of copr...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3109/07853899409147341

    authors: Gregor A,Kostrzewska E,Tarczynska-Nosal S,Stachurska H

    更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00

  • Functional genomics and radioisotope-based imaging procedures.

    abstract::After the sequencing of the human genome has been completed, non-invasive imaging studies are needed to assess the function of new genes in living organisms. The evaluation of genetically manipulated animals or new designed biomolecules will require a thorough understanding of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/07853890310006479

    authors: Haberkorn U,Altmann A

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • The effectiveness of teriparatide in the clinical practice--attenuation of the bone mineral density outcome by increasing age and bisphosphonate pretreatment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Teriparatide is a potent anabolic agent for severe osteoporosis. OBJECTIVES:A primary objective of this retrospective study was to define the efficacy of teriparatide in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) changes and relief of back pain in clinical practice. METHODS:The patient population comprises 119 os...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3109/07853890.2012.742560

    authors: Koski AM,Löyttyniemi E,Väänänen H,Laine H,Niskanen L,Nevalainen PI,Korpi-Hyövälti E,Välimäki MJ

    更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Prosthetic osteomyelitis with special reference to the knee: risks, treatment and costs.

    abstract::The overall incidence of osteomyelitis following primary knee arthroplasty is 1-2%. Major risk factors are large prostheses, rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative wound-healing complications, skin infections, and prior deep infections. The major infecting organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Healing of the infection is to...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Bengtson S

    更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00

  • Chemical and physical properties of regenerative medicine materials controlling stem cell fate.

    abstract::Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field utilizing the potential of stem cells and the regenerative capability of the body to restore, maintain, or enhance tissue and organ functions. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self-renew but also differentiate into several somatic cells when subjected the a...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.573805

    authors: Kaivosoja E,Barreto G,Levón K,Virtanen S,Ainola M,Konttinen YT

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • The 'innate' host response protects and damages the infected urinary tract.

    abstract::Symptoms of infection and tissue pathology are caused by the host response; not by the microbe per se. The same response is also critical for the defence and is needed to clear infection. It is therefore essential to understand how the host response is activated and to identify the critical effector mechanisms of the ...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.3109/07853890109002101

    authors: Svanborg C,Bergsten G,Fischer H,Frendéus B,Godaly G,Gustafsson E,Hang L,Hedlund M,Karpman D,Lundstedt AC,Samuelsson M,Samuelsson P,Svensson M,Wullt B

    更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00

  • Determinants of serum 25(OH)D concentration in young and middle-aged adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:We studied prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, its determinants, and whether achievement of recommended dietary vitamin D intake (10 μg/d) is associated with absence of hypovitaminosis D in adults. METHODS:The study is part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. We collected serum samples of 25-hyd...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1020860

    authors: Voipio AJ,Pahkala KA,Viikari JS,Mikkilä V,Magnussen CG,Hutri-Kähönen N,Kähönen M,Lehtimäki T,Männistö S,Loo BM,Jula A,Marniemi J,Juonala M,Raitakari OT

    更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00

  • What is a pathogen?

    abstract::The question 'what is a pathogen?' derives from pathogen-centered views of microbial pathogenesis that invoke microbial characteristics to explain virulence. However, virulence cannot be an independent microbial variable since it is only expressed in a susceptible host. Hence, the question 'what is a pathogen?' cannot...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1080/078538902317338580

    authors: Casadevall A,Pirofski LA

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of probiotics consumption on lowering lipids and CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

    abstract::This meta-analysis examined the effect of probiotics on the reduction of lipid components and coexisting risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. All randomized controlled trials published in English on PubMed and Scopus from 2000 to 2014 were systematically searched. Using the PEDro scale to assess the qu...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1071872

    authors: Sun J,Buys N

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Optimal chemotherapy of ovarian cancer with an old regimen.

    abstract::When the optimal chemotherapy regimen for advanced ovarian cancer is discussed the following should be considered: the type and number of drugs, the dose of individual drugs and the number of cycles. Optimal chemotherapy should include a platinum compound, because platinum-based chemotherapy yields a superior response...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3109/07853899509031947

    authors: Bertelsen K

    更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00

  • Delivering genetic screening to the community.

    abstract::Concern is often expressed that, in the future, screening for genetic risk will become too widespread. Haemoglobin disorders (the thalassaemias and sickle cell disorders) offer an excellent model for genetic screening, because they are common and severe. They are recessively inherited. Carriers can be detected by conv...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3109/07853899709007488

    authors: Modell B

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00

  • The classification of low back pain.

    abstract::The majority of patients with low back pain offer no objective clinical findings on which to make a diagnosis on the basis of physical examination. Therefore a diagnostic categorization of complaint based on duration and location is proposed. The justification for this organization is the assumption that the majority ...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.3109/07853898909149215

    authors: Mooney V

    更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00

  • Total elimination of measles in Finland.

    abstract::On average, 15,000 cases of measles occurred annually in Finland before the initiation of a vaccination programme in 1975. Because of insufficient activity, the vaccination coverage failed to reach the required level of over 90%, and cases continued to occur. The policy was revolutionized in 1982 by launching a projec...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.3109/07853899808999395

    authors: Heinonen OP,Paunio M,Peltola H

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • Glycaemic efficacy and safety of linagliptin for the management of non-cardiac surgery patients with type 2 diabetes in a real-world setting: Lina-Surg study.

    abstract::Introduction: The use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in hospitalized patients is an area of active research. We aimed to compare the efficacy and the safety of the basal-bolus insulin regimen versus linagliptin-basal insulin in non-critically ill non-cardiac surgery patients in a real-world setting. Methods: We ...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1080/07853890.2019.1613672

    authors: Pérez-Belmonte LM,Osuna-Sánchez J,Millán-Gómez M,López-Carmona MD,Gómez-Doblas JJ,Cobos-Palacios L,Sanz-Cánovas J,Barbancho MA,Lara JP,Jiménez-Navarro M,Bernal-López MR,Gómez-Huelgas R

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Residual adverse changes in arterial endothelial function and LDL oxidation after a mild systemic inflammation induced by influenza vaccination.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Several clinical studies have suggested possible increase in cardiovascular risk during and in the first weeks after an acute inflammatory disease. Using influenza vaccine as inflammatory stimulus, we investigated whether arterial endothelial dysfunction could persist beyond the inflammatory state, and wheth...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/07853890701390111

    authors: Liuba P,Aburawi EH,Pesonen E,Andersson S,Truedsson L,Ylä-Herttuala S,Holmberg L

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Maternal and fetal erythropoietin: physiological aspects and clinical significance.

    abstract::Erythropoietin (EPO) is of special interest in the perinatal period in the mother and fetus. On the one hand, thanks to the recent development of highly sensitive radio-immunoassays and the ability to monitor endogenous EPO production, we can now study the physiological aspects of maternal and fetal erythropoiesis and...

    journal_title:Annals of medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Huch R,Huch A

    更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00