Abstract:
:On average, 15,000 cases of measles occurred annually in Finland before the initiation of a vaccination programme in 1975. Because of insufficient activity, the vaccination coverage failed to reach the required level of over 90%, and cases continued to occur. The policy was revolutionized in 1982 by launching a project in which the Schwarz strain was substituted by an attenuated Enders-Edmonston strain given as a component of a trivalent live-virus measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMRII). This vaccine is given twice, at the ages of 14-18 months and 6 years. The impact of the vaccinations has been monitored in several prospective studies. In addition to a very favourable safety profile, good immunogenicity and excellent clinical effectiveness have also been demonstrated. Since 1996 not a single case of measles has been found in Finland, although cases have been searched actively and serological confirmation has been required. Total interruption of virus circulation has brought a new problem: the possibility of vaccinees to acquire natural boosters is so rare that waning immunity has become a reality. As there is a continuous risk of measles originating from a foreign source, the only tool against an outbreak is to maintain a high vaccination coverage and to continue the two-dose schedule as a minimum policy.
journal_name
Ann Medjournal_title
Annals of medicineauthors
Heinonen OP,Paunio M,Peltola Hdoi
10.3109/07853899808999395subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-04-01 00:00:00pages
131-3issue
2eissn
0785-3890issn
1365-2060journal_volume
30pub_type
社论abstract::The Human Genome Project (HGP), as the primary sequencing of the human genome, lasted more than one decade to be completed using the traditional Sanger's method. At present, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology could provide the genome sequence data in hours. NGS has also decreased the expense of sequencing; th...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890.2017.1392595
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract The limits of traditional anticoagulants, such as heparin and warfarin, have prompted the search for new agents for prophylaxis and treatment of arterial and venous thromboembolism, including factor Xa and thrombin inhibitors. These agents can be given orally, and their most significant advantage is that no l...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2010.539250
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall incidence of osteomyelitis following primary knee arthroplasty is 1-2%. Major risk factors are large prostheses, rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative wound-healing complications, skin infections, and prior deep infections. The major infecting organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Healing of the infection is to...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is an incurable chronic disease, characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic T- or NK-cells in blood and bone marrow. Cytopenias (anemia, neutropenia) and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis are the most common clinical manifestations of LGL leukemia. Recently...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.882105
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence suggest that abnormal brain serotonin metabolism may occur in early onset, type 2 alcoholism in men. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid concentration has been found to be associated with a history of paternal alcoholism, and abnormal oral glucose tolerance tests (tendency to ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899009147915
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction accompanied by a delay or lack of language, restricted interests, stereotyped behavior, and repetitive movement. Genetic predisposition to autism is evident from family and twin studies, and heritability in idiopathic aut...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310005966
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concepts of eating disorders have altered so that anorexia nervosa is now recognized as an important but uncommon syndrome within a spectrum of disordered eating. Behaviours used by dieters constitute the mild end of the eating disorder spectrum. Dieting in young women is for the most part a transient and benign activ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899209149955
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases with a genetic background, and it is reasonable to suggest that aberrations in T cell receptor (TCR) genes could contribute to these diseases, as they play an important role in immune regulation. We studied TCR beta-c...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899409147342
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adding to the difficulty of interpreting the human genome sequence and annotating protein sequence databases is the observation that a single protein can 'moonlight' or perform multiple, apparently unrelated, functions. This review summarizes examples of moonlighting proteins in cellular activities and biochemical pat...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310004101
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This meta-analysis aimed to compare the treatment of an acute asthma attack in children in the emergency department (ED) with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus placebo or oral systemic corticosteroids (SC) as assessed by the hospital admission rates. METHODS:After searching Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3109/07853890.2013.859855
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Undetermined strokes with an embolic pattern (USEP) represent a common phenotype. We assessed their frequency and compared USEP with cardioembolic stroke with a known source and non-cardioembolic stroke etiology. METHODS:Study patients were 540 consecutive ischemic stroke patients admitted to Helsinki Uni...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1057612
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The understanding and treatment of schizophrenia have been greatly hampered by uncertainty about etiological factors and controversy about diagnostic boundaries. Adoption studies have helped clarify both of these problems. First, the adoptees study method, the index offspring of adopting-away schizophrenic biological ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899409147896
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular circadian clock entrains biological rhythms to a 24-hour schedule. Aspects of cardiovascular physiology and, indeed, the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke are also subject to diurnal variation. The use of rodent models of disrupted clock function has begun to elucidate the role of the molecul...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890600995010
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 50 different pharmacological and mechanical interventions have been tested to date for prevention of vascular restenosis without success. Intracoronary radiotherapy is the first one showing promise of significantly attenuating neointimal proliferation, causing positive vascular remodelling and thus inhibitin...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890009002033
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:H+/K+-ATPase is the target autoantigen in autoimmune gastritis (AIG), an organ-specific autoimmune disease with a strong hereditary component. AIM:To detect possible polymorphisms in H+/K+-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunits in AIG patients. METHODS:Blood samples from 12 Finnish AIG patients were sequenced for...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890600673260
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, microbial colonization of the intestine begins just after birth. However, development of the normal flora is a gradual process, which is initially determined by factors such as composition of the maternal gut microflora, environment and possibly also by genetic aspects. A number of variables, such as the de...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899908995892
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question why low-density lipoprotein (LDL) stranded in the subendothelium of arteries should acquire the proinflammatory properties that initiate and sustain atherogenesis has puzzled researchers for decades. The most popular concept contends that oxidative processes are crucial because oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) produ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.3109/07853899809002596
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hypertension with two different manifestations of carotid atherosclerosis in a random population sample of 1165 Eastern Finnish men aged 42, 48, 54 or 60 years, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Carotid atheros...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899109147926
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a collaborative effort of all university departments of paediatrics and several other institutions in Finland to study the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and their determinants in children and adolescents in different parts of the country. The main cross-se...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the last two decades, the importance of genetic factors in the aetiology of major mental illness has been firmly re-established and psychiatric research has now firmly embraced the era of molecular genetics. Despite a number of false starts in the study of schizophrenia and affective disorder, there have been suc...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899209147816
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden arrhythmic death is the most common mode of death in Western countries. An increased understanding of the pathophysiology and trigger mechanisms of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease can provide a logical basis for improved therapeutic strategies in the preve...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899708999355
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:As individuals age, the prevalence of neurocognitive and mental health disorders increases. Current biomedical treatments do not completely address the management of these conditions. Despite new pharmacological therapy the challenges of managing these diseases remain.There is increasing evidence that the ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2020.1808239
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The question 'what is a pathogen?' derives from pathogen-centered views of microbial pathogenesis that invoke microbial characteristics to explain virulence. However, virulence cannot be an independent microbial variable since it is only expressed in a susceptible host. Hence, the question 'what is a pathogen?' cannot...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1080/078538902317338580
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aim: We investigated the outcomes of transcatheter (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in Finland during the last decade. Methods: The nationwide FinnValve registry included data from 6463 patients who underwent TAVR or SAVR with a bioprosthesis for aortic stenosis from 2008 to 2017. Results: The annua...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2019.1614657
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac rhythm during sleep was analysed in 168 healthy men aged 19 to 30 (mean 21.8) years using continuous nocturnal ECG recordings. Thirty five of the subjects were endurance athletes; 99 were recorded at home and 69 at a garrison during military service. The number of short term (less than one min) accelerations o...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899109148037
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Netherlands there are about 9700 explicit requests for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (EAS) each year, of which approximately 3600 are granted. Other countries have criticized the Dutch policy concerning EAS. It has been suggested that palliative care in the Netherlands is not adequate and that euthan...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899908998793
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the short-term association between air pollution and cardiovascular effects on healthy volunteers. METHODS:We searched databases to identify randomized trials with controlled human exposures to ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1252054
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) can be related to abnormalities in the metabolism and disposition of sex hormones and/or bile acids, determined by a genetic predisposition interacting with environmental factors. The total amount of oestrogens and progesterone circulating in the blood or...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890009011758
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comprehensive study of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and their determinants in children and adolescents in Finland was initiated in the late 1970's. The main cross-sectional study was undertaken in 1980, with 3596 subjects aged from 3 to 18 years participating. The first follow-up study was carried out i...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853898909149938
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisense oligonucleotides represent a novel class of potential drugs for highly selective blocking of genes. The basic concept of antisense strategy is simple: an antisense molecule recognizes a complementary mRNA (or DNA) by sequence-specific base pairing, and hence prevents translation (or transcription), resulting...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899608999115
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00