Abstract：
:The melanocortins are a family of bioactive peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin. Those peptides, included among hormones and comprising ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and gamma-MSH, are best known mainly for their physiological effects, such as the control of skin pigmentation by alpha-MSH, and ACTH effects on pigmentation and steroidogenesis. Melanocortins are released in various sites in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, and participate in the regulation of multiple physiological functions. They are involved in grooming behavior, food intake and thermoregulation processes, and can also modulate the response of the immune system in inflammatory states. Research of the past decade provided evidence that melanocortins could elicit their diverse biological effects by binding to a distinct family of G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains. To date, five melanocortin receptor genes have been cloned and characterized. Those receptors differ in their tissue distribution and in their ability to recognize various melanocortins. These advances have opened up new horizons for exploring the significance of melanocortins, their ligands and their receptors for a variety of important physiological functions. We reviewed the origin of MSH peptides, the function and distribution of melanocortin receptors and their endogenous and exogenous ligands and the role of melanocortins and their receptors in inflammatory processes, nerve regeneration and nociception. Moreover, we analyzed their interaction with opioid peptides and finally, we discussed the postulated role of the melanocortin system in pain transmission at the spinal cord level.
journal_name
Life Scijournal_title
Life sciencesauthors
Starowicz K,Przewłocka Bdoi
10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00349-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-04 00:00:00pages
823-47issue
7eissn
0024-3205issn
1879-0631pii
S0024320503003497journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
LIFE SCIENCES文献大全abstract：:Neem seed preparations contain not only azadirachtin as the active insect antifeedant or growth regulator but also a variety of their limonoids, some of which are cytotoxic to N1E-115 neuroblastoma (mouse), 143B.TK- osteosarcoma (human) and Sf9 (insect) cultured cell lines. The most potent of these limonoids is nimbol...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(96)00061-6
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The study investigated the antidepressant-like effect and acute toxicity of 4-phenyl-1-(phenylselanylmethyl)-1,2,3-triazole (Se-TZ), an organoselenium-containing heterocycle compound in mice. MAIN METHODS:The antidepressant-like effect of Se-TZ (1-50mg/kg) and its mechanism of action, was analyzed in the tail sus...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.024
更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The study aimed to investigate the protective effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on endothelium function and relaxation of mesenteric artery in metabolism syndrome (MS) rats. MAIN METHODS:Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (CON), CIHH (treated with 28-days hypob...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.008
更新日期：2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficiencies in cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and nitric oxide (NO) production are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. We used a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, to investigate the effect of cilostazol, a specific cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on NO production and Na+, K+-ATPase ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00379-3
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Actinomycin D was found to block binding of a monoclonal antibody to nucleolar phosphoprotein 37/5.2 (B23) when incubated either simultaneously with or prior to addition of the antibody. Daunorubicin had no significant blocking activity of this antigen-antibody reaction. In comparative studies with a monoclonal antibo...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(84)90275-3
更新日期：1984-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence for a drug-induced activation of central sigma systems is presented. The model is the locomotor activation initiated by a subcutaneous (SC) challenge of 1.6 mg/kg of (+)-butaclamol, (+)-BUT, given 30 min before 10 mg/kg SC of (-)-N-allylnormetazocine, (-)-NAN, in Sprague-Dawley male rats which have been pretr...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(89)90448-7
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Levels of delta-sleep-inducing peptide-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) in rat plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay and found to exhibit a circadian rhythm that parallelled the normal rhythm for corticosterone. The maximal plasma levels of both substances were observed to occur at about 1700h. The lowest concentrat...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(84)90566-6
更新日期：1984-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Current treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) requires acetylcholinesterase inhibition to increase acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations in the synaptic cleft. Another mechanism by which ACh levels can be increased is blockade of presynaptic M2 muscarinic autoreceptors that regulate ACh release. An antagonist designed fo...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01056-6
更新日期：2001-04-27 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to study the alterations in serum homocysteine levels and endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular relaxant responses in adjuvant-induced arthritis of the rat and to determine the effects of vitamin E administration on these changes. Arthritis was induced by a single intradermal injection of Freund's c...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01700-9
更新日期：2002-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic, and HAM/TSP...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.025
更新日期：2014-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present work was to study whether physiological doses of melatonin (1nM) modified DNA synthesis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Exponentially growing MCF-7 cells were incubated for 24 h with thymidine (2mM) for blocking mitosis and synchronizing the cell division cycle. Synchronization was assessed ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(96)00249-4
更新日期：1996-05-24 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Amiodarone (AMIO) is currently used in medical practice to reverse ventricular tachycardia. Here we determine the effects of AMIO in the electromechanical properties of isolated left ventricle myocyte (LVM) from mice and guinea pig and in a cellular model of Long QT Syndrome Type 3 (LQTS-3) using anemone neurotoxi...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117814
更新日期：2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The renal hemodynamic and tubular effects of ANF were investigated using the Sperber technique in chickens. This technique takes advantage of the unique portal circulation of the avian kidney and permits direct access to the renal peritubular space independent of renal arterial blood flow and glomerular filtration. In...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(87)90309-2
更新日期：1987-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To evaluate vagal stimulation-mediated myocardial protection against ischemia and reperfusion in in vivo ischemic myocardium. MAIN METHODS:We measured myocardial interstitial myoglobin levels in the ischemic region using a cardiac microdialysis technique in anesthetized and vagotomized cats. We occluded the left ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2008.07.013
更新日期：2008-09-26 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, natural products have increasingly attracted more attention because of their potential anticancer activity and low intrinsic toxicity. Hispidulin is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiplatelet, anticonvulsant, anti-osteoporotic,...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118395
更新日期：2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIFs) in serum may represent endogenous cardiotropic agents. We determined if blood levels of these endogenous factors changed during prolonged strenuous exercise. Total and loosely protein-bound (LPB) DLIF were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum of nine healthy subjects du...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(88)90629-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Green tea and its major constituent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been extensively studied as a potential treatment for a variety of diseases, including cancer. Epidemiological data have suggested that EGCG may provide protective effects against hormone related cancers, namely breast or prostate cancer. Extensi...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2006.07.036
更新日期：2006-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The colchicine-induced accumulation of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) has recently been applied to estimate the synthesis and turnover rates for these neuropeptides in whole rat hypothalamus. In the present studies, this pharmacologic procedure has been examined as a potential method for estimating hypothalamic ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(91)90441-d
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subcellular distribution of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was studied in the rat oviduct. The highest content of GABA was found in the soluble fraction. The effect of chemical stimulation of the endogenous GABA efflux from the rat oviduct was examined. High K+ concentrations could not induce elevation of the GABA...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(93)90079-i
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Cytokines interfere with signaling pathways and mediators of vascular contraction. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a major role on vascular dysfunction in conditions characterized by increased circulating levels of adipokines. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the adipokine chemerin increases vascular c...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2012.04.013
更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a peptide growth factor produced in a wide range of tissues from brain and parathyroid, to kidney and uterus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the adrenal cortical hormones, hydrocortisone (cortisol), modulate PTHrP expression and glucocorticoid rece...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2011.08.001
更新日期：2011-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The [R] and [S] enantiomers of the enkephalinase A inhibitor [R,S]-thiorphan have been prepared by asymmetric synthesis. The [S] isomer is principally responsible for the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of [R,S]-thiorphan, whereas there were only small differences in the ability of the [R] and [S] is...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(85)90277-2
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vivo effect of trazodone on the density of [(3)H]5-HT binding sites and 5-HT(1A) receptors and adenylyl cyclase (AC) response was studied in regions of rat brain. The chronic administration of trazodone (10 mg/Kg body wt, 40 days) resulted in a significant downregulation of [(3)H]5-HT binding sites and 5-HT(1A)...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01926-4
更新日期：2002-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of emodin (EMD) treatment on mitochondrial ATP generation capacity and antioxidant components as well as susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury were examined in male and female rat hearts. Isolated-perfused hearts prepared from female rats were less susceptible to I-R injury than those of male rat...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.027
更新日期：2005-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The objectives of this study were to determine the cytokine induction by delta tocotrienol (DT3, a promising radiation countermeasure) and to investigate the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in its radioprotective efficacy against ionizing radiation in mice. MAIN METHODS:Multiplex Luminex was...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.065
更新日期：2014-03-11 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of cyrneine A, a novel diterpene isolated from the mushroom Sarcodon cyrneus, on morphology of rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). In response to cyrneine A, PC12 cells extended their neurites, an effect partially blocked by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase inhibitor PD9805...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.057
更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:There is now some evidence that i) the availability of plasma tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, is significantly lower in pregnant women at the end of term and the first few days after delivery than in nonpregnant women; and ii) both pregnancy and the early puerperium are accompanied by activation of the inflamm...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01853-2
更新日期：2002-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that cyclosporine A (CSA) inhibits renin secretion and stimulates renal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in vitro. In rat renal cortical slices incubated at 37 degrees C in a buffered and oxygenated physiological saline solution containing 4 mM KCl, CSA concentrati...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(90)90187-v
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physiological, pharmacological and toxicological responses to two regimens of cocaine administration were compared between spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. An initial experiment examined renal excretory and hemodynamic function in response to an acute volume load in anesthetized SHR and WK...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(89)90254-3
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently defined as the worst pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 infects human cells via the binding of its S protein to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). The use of ACEIs/ARBs (RAAS inhibitors) ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118142
更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00
