Engineering the melanocortin-4 receptor to control G(s) signaling in vivo.

abstract：:Epidemiological observations, clinical mechanistic studies, and basic laboratory research suggest that estrogen therapy is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects in postmenopausal women. Estrogen has a multitude of biological effects that may account for this apparent benefit (which remains to be proved in ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Blum A,Cannon RO 3rd

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While the ovaries are the principal source of systemic estrogen in the premenopausal nonpregnant woman, other sites of estrogen biosynthesis are present throughout the body and these become the major sources of estrogen beyond menopause. These extragonadal sources of estrogen are small, but may play an important, thou...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Simpson ER,Clyne C,Speed C,Rubin G,Bulun S

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and nerve agents (NAs) are highly toxic chemicals that pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. These compounds induce status epilepticus (SE) by irreversibly blocking the ability of acetylcholinesterase to break down acetylcholine at neural synapses. Animal models of orga...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： McCarren HS,McDonough JH Jr

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Odorant signals are detected by binding of odor molecules to odorant receptors. These belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. They in turn couple to G proteins, most of which induce cAMP production. This second messenger activates ion channels to depolarize the olfactory sensory neuron, thus providing a signa...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Wicher D,Schäfer R,Bauernfeind R,Stensmyr MC,Heller R,Heinemann SH,Hansson BS

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term exposure to cadmium (Cd) induces perturbation of kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction in renal cortical cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of Cd-induced nephropathy. In this study, we examined the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with a large deletion and cellula...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Takaki A,Jimi S,Segawa M,Iwasaki H

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a result of intensive investigation, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, a number of potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonists have been discovered. The structure activity relationship studies that led to the discovery of these mGluR5 antagonists are presented in t...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Carroll FI

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is an estradiol metabolite with antiangiogenic properties. It can be produced by granulosa cells and it is present in normal follicle at high concentrations. The identification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) role in the molecular pharmacology of 2-ME is an active area of research. The objec...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Basini G,Santini SE,Grasselli F

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the plasma suppressive activity was associated with alpha 2M in both normal subjects and cancer patients. alpha 2M binding to physiological levels of proteases was associated with an increase in the ability to suppress lymphocyte reactivity in the TEEM test. alpha 2M binding to proteases released a peptide tha...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Alomran A,Shenton BK,Donnelly PK,Francis DM,Proud G,Taylor RM

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The newborn's immune system grows fast from a small size at birth by exposure primarily to the intestinal microflora normally obtained from the mother at and after birth. While building up its immune system, the infant is supported by the transplacental IgG antibodies, which also contain anti-idiotypic antibodies, pos...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Hanson LA,Korotkova M,Lundin S,Håversen L,Silfverdal SA,Mattsby-Baltzer I,Strandvik B,Telemo E

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide, and systemic thrombolytic treatment is still the first-line therapy within 4.5 h from symptom onset. Selecting patients for treatment response is mandatory in any time window but challenging as well. The authors aim to support stroke physic...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Hametner C,Ringleb PA,Hacke W,Kellert L

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The following paper on the molecular biology of Barrett's esophagus (BE) includes commentaries on signaling pathways central to the development of BE including Hh, NF-κB, and IL-6/STAT3; surgical approaches for esophagectomy and classification of lesions by appropriate therapy; the debate over the merits of minimally ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Gibson MK,Dhaliwal AS,Clemons NJ,Phillips WA,Dvorak K,Tong D,Law S,Pirchi ED,Räsänen J,Krasna MJ,Parikh K,Krishnadath KK,Chen Y,Griffiths L,Colleypriest BJ,Farrant JM,Tosh D,Das KM,Bajpai M

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapidly industrializing India is described by the International Monetary Fund as a young, disciplined, and vibrant economy with a projected growth of 6.7% for 2005. The total workforce of 397 million has only 7% of workers employed in the organized sector with construction, where asbestos exposure is prevalent, employ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Joshi TK,Bhuva UB,Katoch P

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:These initial studies show that deregulated expression of ALG7 affects diverse cellular functions crucial to development, including proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Furthermore, the data suggest multiple genetic targets for ALG7 and provide the basis for future dissection of these developmentally rel...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Lennon K,Bird A,Kukuruzinska MA

更新日期：1998-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Carboxyfullerenes, including two regioisomers C3 and D3, were investigated as antioxidants against iron-induced oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Both C3 and D3 dose-dependently inhibited autoxidation and iron-elevated lipid peroxidation in cortical homogenates. The antioxidative property of C3 was compared to Tr...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Lin AM,Luh TY,Chou CK,Ho LT

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is thought that human natural killer (NK) lymphocytes should not damage self-tissues due to the inhibiting signal initiated by the engagement of one or another inhibitory receptor superfamily (IRS) members with self-human histocompatibility antigen (HLA)-I. During viral infection, the low expression of self-HLA-I o...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Poggi A,Prevosto C,Zancolli M,Canevali P,Musso A,Zocchi MR

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as well as the carotenoids react with free radicals, notably peroxyl radicals, and with singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), this being the basis of their function as antioxidants. RRR-alpha-tocopherol is the major peroxyl radical scavenger in biologica...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Sies H,Stahl W,Sundquist AR

更新日期：1992-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Present information technologies use semiconductor devices and magnetic/optical disks; however, they are all foreseen to face fundamental limitations within a decade. Therefore, superceding devices are required for the next paradigm of high-performance information technologies. The paper first describes architectures ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Wada Y

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of TCDD exposure on the developing immune system were investigated in Wistar/Fischer hybrid or Fischer rats. Fetal and neonatal rats were exposed to TCDD through maternal dosing (5 muk/kg) on day 18 of gestation and on days 0, 7, and 14 of postnatal life (group 1). Another group of neonatal rats was expose...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Luster MI,Faith RE,Clark G

更新日期：1979-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the ability of the EPR spin trap DEPMPO to detect both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals produced by systems in vitro and in vivo are presented. Experiments using free radical-generating systems confirmed the suitability of the EPR spin trapping technique but also revealed the existence of an undesirable con...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Mojović M,Vuletić M,Bacić GG

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloid precursor proteins (APP) are a member of a larger family of proteins that include the amyloid precursor-like proteins (APLP) APLPI and APLP2. We have examined the expression and metabolism of APLP2 and document that APLP2 is expressed at high levels in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Furthermore,...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Sisodia SS,Thinakaran G,Slunt HH,Kitt CA,Von Koch CS,Reed RR,Zheng H,Price DL

更新日期：1996-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The first step in cancer initiation is the reaction of chemical carcinogens with DNA to form stable adducts, which remain in DNA unless removed by repair, and depurinating adducts, which detach from DNA following destabilization of the glycosyl bond. Depurinating DNA adducts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons play a ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Cavalieri EL,Rogan EG

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicergoline (NE)--a cerebral vasodilator with nicotinic acid esterified in its molecule--and Antagonic-Stress (AS) composition--a neurometabolic nootropic, also containing nicotinic acid but with fast and prolonged release--were evaluated in senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT), mild to moderate intensity (DSM-I...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Schneider F,Popa R,Mihalas G,Stefanigă P,Mihalas IG,Măties R,Mateescu R

更新日期：1994-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent cross-cultural studies of child development reveal that child rearing, while strikingly culturally variable, is everywhere designed to make the child's experience of important lessons constant, to link those lessons to emotional arousal, and to connect them to evaluations of the child's goodness and badness. Th...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Quinn N

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural systems cannot be closed to the environment. At the same time there is a necessity for closure in order to build the system. It is this quint-essential tension between openness and closure that drives systems to unfold into further stages or levels of growth and development. In other words, the emergence of or...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Alvarez De Lorenzana JM

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New approaches to the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) have increased symptomatic relief and prolonged survival. PH is a common sequela of the hemoglobinopathies, but the use of standard oral treatment options is limited because of toxicity and poor effectiveness. Sildenafil citrate is a selective and...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Derchi G,Forni GL

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Female mosquitoes gorge on vertebrate blood, a rich nutrient source for developing eggs, but gorging meals increase the risk of predation. Mosquitoes are quick to reduce the flight payload with a potent diuresis. Diuretic peptides of the insect kinin family induce a tenfold reduction in the paracellular resistance of ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Beyenbach KW

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously described proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene-expression in human normal cultured dermal fibroblasts, and its dose- and time-dependent modulation by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The aim of the work described here was to investigate POMC-derived ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Teofoli P,Frezzolini A,Puddu P,De Pità O,Mauviel A,Lotti T

更新日期：1999-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) dephosphorylates a number of substrates, including JAK-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling proteins, which are activated by interferon (IFN)-γ, a major proinflammatory cytokine involved in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. A critica...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Krishnan M,McCole DF

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular synapse. About half of LEMS patients have an associated small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which is usually detected after diagnosis of LEMS. This short review summarizes clinical and serological markers shown to predict the presenc...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Lipka AF,Verschuuren JJ,Titulaer MJ

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Forests are one of Earth's critical biomes. They have been shown to respond strongly to many of the drivers that are predicted to change natural systems over this century, including climate, introduced species, and other anthropogenic influences. Predicting how different tree species might respond to this complex of f...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： McMahon SM,Dietze MC,Hersh MH,Moran EV,Clark JS

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00