Abstract:
:While the ovaries are the principal source of systemic estrogen in the premenopausal nonpregnant woman, other sites of estrogen biosynthesis are present throughout the body and these become the major sources of estrogen beyond menopause. These extragonadal sources of estrogen are small, but may play an important, though hitherto largely unrecognized, physiological and pathophysiological role. Aromatase activity in extragonadal sites contributes to this source of estrogen and may contribute to breast tumor development and/or growth. Selective aromatase modulators (SAMs) may have a role to play in the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases, such as breast cancer.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Simpson ER,Clyne C,Speed C,Rubin G,Bulun Sdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb04002.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-01 00:00:00pages
58-67eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
949pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::To study the role of the LDL receptor pathway for the maintenance of alpha-tocopherol concentrations in tissues of intact animals, we have compared vitamin E levels in plasma and tissues of normal rabbits and WHHL rabbits. WHHL rabbits are deficient in LDL receptor activity. For WHHL rabbits, alpha-tocopherol plasma c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb14908.x
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abstract::Our studies have shown that the acyclic nucleotide analogues PMEA and HPMPC are able to penetrate into cells and are then activated to mono- and diphosphate derivatives. The latter correspond to triphosphate analogues and presumably serve an important role in the biological activity exerted by these antiviral agents. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::5-HT2B receptors, in addition to phospholipase C stimulation, are able to trigger activation of the proto-oncogene product p21ras. During mouse embryogenesis, a peak of 5-HT2B receptor expression is detected at the neurulation stage; we localized the 5-HT2B expression in neural crest cells, heart myocardium, and somit...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10174.x
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abstract::Whole and nonadherent Peyer's patch cells were shown to present antigen to cloned antigen specific T-cells, albeit less efficiently than spleen cells. Unlike spleen cells, adherent PP cells did not present antigen, and PP lacked cells with classical dendritic morphology. The antigen presenting and MLR-stimulating cell...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Nur77, Nurr1, and NOR-1 form a subfamily (the NR4A/Nur subfamily) of transcription factors belonging to the family of nuclear receptors. In this report, we characterized the single member of such a subfamily in the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae. Developmental expression analysis of AmphiNR4A showed transcripts limi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Seleno-glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) is considered to be the major enzymatic activity in charge of removing excess cytosolic and mitochondrial H2O2 in most tissues including brain. Intracellular GSHPx activity is therefore hypothesized to be one important factor that contributes to minimize hydroxyl radical formation...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Apoptosis plays a critical role in acetaminophen (AAP)-induced hepatic injury, since inhibiting apoptosis also prevents the development of acute liver failure. In this study, the mechanism of apoptosis induction by AAP was investigated in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HuH7. AAP caused marked cytotoxicity in HuH7 ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Semi-conservative replication ensures that the DNA sequence of sister chromatids is identical except for replication errors and variation in the length of telomere repeats resulting from replicative losses and variable end processing. What happens with the various epigenetic marks during DNA replication is less clear....
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a phylogenetically conserved process that plays a critical role in the degradation of oxidatively damaged proteins and organelle turnover. The role of oxidative stress and apoptosis in methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity is well known; however, the potential contribution of autophagy to METH-indu...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative splicing of RNA transcripts is a general characteristic for NCX genes in mammals, mollusks, and arthropods. Among the family of three NCX genes in mammals, the NCX1 gene contains six exons, namely, A, B, C, D, E, and F, that make up the alternatively spliced region. Studies of the NCX1 gene transcripts sug...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central administration of galanin produces performance deficits on a variety of rodent learning and memory tasks. Galanin impairs acquisition and/or retention of the Morris water task, delayed nonmatching to position, T-maze delayed alternation, starburst radial maze, and passive avoidance in normal rats. A primary si...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:1998-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Epigenetic modification of CpG islands (CGIs) in promoter regions is an important regulatory mechanism of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Hypermethylation of CGIs may silence a gene, whereas hypomethylation of previously methylated CGIs allows gene expression. The pattern of methylation is cell-type-specific and ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to immunochemically identify a coronin-like protein in Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, and B. canis. A 2-kbp cDNA insert of B. bovis carried by plasmid BvN9 was sequenced by the dideoxichain-termination method on both strands. The cDNA insert contained a 1719-bp long open readi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::In recent years calcium channel blockers have emerged as a new class of antiarrhythmic agents for the control of certain supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Electrophysiologically, they are heterogeneous but their main action is mediated through a depressant effect on the slow calcium channel in cardiac musc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Factors that regulate various pathways of Maillard reaction leading to aroma, color, or carcinogen generation have not been identified, due to the difficulties associated with analyzing complex reaction mixtures. In particular, the role played by oxidation in directing aromagenic, chromogenic, or carcinogenic pathways...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an endocrine organ that contributes to thermogenesis and energy consumption. We investigated the effects of salt loading and surgical removal of whitened interscapular BAT (iBAT) on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology in DahlS.Z-Leprfa /Leprfa (DS/obese) rats, an animal model of metaboli...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Significant advances have recently been made in understanding the regulation of Ca(2+)-ATPase by phospholamban and in modeling their structures. However, these insights would be furthered by determining the 3-D structure of both proteins within the membrane, thus revealing the structural basis for their interaction. T...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08260.x
更新日期:1998-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Homozygous beta thalassemia affects thousands of people around the world. Current management of this condition includes regular transfusion of red cells, which leads to transfusional iron overload requiring chelation therapy: increasing hemoglobin levels while decreasing or eliminating iron overload is therefore a maj...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1998-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Morphogenesis in the animal kingdom is closely coupled with the intracellular synthesis and the extracellular deposition of collagen. These morphogenetically important events involve multiple steps which begin in compartments inside the cell and continue in compartments outside the cell. The movement of matrix compone...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb51173.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study we analyzed the morphology of testes and efferent ducts as well as the localization of androgen receptors (AR) in the tissues of XY, YY, and XX male rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum. Testes of the XX trout differed distinctly from those of XY and YY males; the interstitial space was very ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03663.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice deficient for complement factors C3, C4, or C5 are resistant to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) immune lymph node cells (LNC) of C3 deficient mice produce less interleukin 6 (IL-6), and EAMG-resistant IL-6 deficient mice have less serum C3. Increased serum C1q-circu...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Membrane phospholipid metabolism is abnormal in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels are decreased as are choline and ethanolamine, while glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine are increased. To develop a rat model for these changes, we examined th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro lethal activity of two Bacillus thuringiensis strains (IB-16 and IB-61) against Haemonchus contortus histotropic fourth stage larvae (L(4)) was evaluated. Each B. thuringiensis strain was used as soluble proteins at different concentrations. In addition, the in vitro lethal dose (LD(50)) of each strain wa...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information processing in the rodent hippocampus is fundamentally shaped by internally generated sequences (IGSs), expressed during two different network states: theta sequences, which repeat and reset at the ∼8 Hz theta rhythm associated with active behavior, and punctate sharp wave-ripple (SWR) sequences associated ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13329
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have now indicated that micronutrients, such as the carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acid, can prevent mutagenesis, genotoxic effects, or malignant transformation in bacteria and mammalian tissue, either in cell culture or in organ culture. In addition, multiple papers report that some of these micr...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb39180.x
更新日期:1993-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between chaos and quantum mechanics has been somewhat uneasy--even stormy, in the minds of some people. However, much of the confusion may stem from inappropriate comparisons using formal analyses. In contrast, our starting point here is that a complete dynamical description requires a full understand...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1350.026
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00