Abstract:
:Every day billions of cells die in our bodies to eliminate those that are harmful, useless, or senescent. The process can be divided into two steps: cell dying and cell clearance. In the first step, death machinery is activated in the cells and quickly kills them. During the second step, dead cells are engulfed by phagocytes, and their components are degraded in the lysosomes of the phagocytes. The death mechanism and the clearance of dead cells have been extensively studied. Mouse lines that are deficient in the death or clearance process have been established, and human patients carrying a mutation in the death machinery have been identified. Data from these mutant mice and human patients indicate that defects in cell death or dead-cell clearance leads to autoimmunity. This review examines the cell death and clearance processes and briefly discusses the diseases they cause.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Nagata Sdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05749.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-01 00:00:00pages
10-6eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
1209pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) has been implicated as an intracellular second messenger in many studies. Previously, we found the roles of Sph-1-P as a platelet activating lipid released from stimulated platelets and as a lipid regulator of cell motility. We first investigated the mechanism by which Sph-1-P induces...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09659.x
更新日期:1998-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The thymus produces several putative thymic hormones: thymosin alpha 1, thymulin, and thymopoietin, which have been reported to circulate and to act on both prothymocytes and mature T cells in the periphery, thus maintaining their commitment to the T cell system. These endocrine influences decline with age and are ass...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb27458.x
更新日期:1992-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the Big Data to Knowledge initiative is to develop methods for discovering new knowledge from large amounts of data. However, if the resulting knowledge is so large that it resists comprehension, referred to here as Big Knowledge (BK), how can it be used properly and creatively? We call this secondary c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13225
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging, hypoxia, and thiamin deficiency diminish motor performance. Similar alterations of ACh, DA, and glutamate metabolism accompany hypoxia, thiamin deficiency, and aging. Both aging and hypoxia reduce ACh release and stimulate DA and glutamate release. Presynaptic enhancement of DA and glutamate release may be impo...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb32984.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed an assay to detect mucosally delivered antibody to Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite antigens. We absorbed a recombinant 23-kD sporozoite protein to polystyrene microspheres, and used flow cytometry to detect, titer, and determine the isotype of antibody to p23 that was shed in the feces of experimen...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05316.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy rates among adolescents have not decreased over the last 10 years, despite numerous efforts. To solve this important health problem, the major strategy recommended is to encourage contraceptive use among sexually active teenagers. An important means of obtaining this is by promoting methods that are not depe...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52174.x
更新日期:1997-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years calcium channel blockers have emerged as a new class of antiarrhythmic agents for the control of certain supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Electrophysiologically, they are heterogeneous but their main action is mediated through a depressant effect on the slow calcium channel in cardiac musc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb33397.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This brief review is designed to highlight the limitations of our knowledge given the difficulties in simulating the in vivo condition in models established in vitro and ex vivo. Despite this uncertainty, mounting evidence indicates that the GPIIb-IIIa receptor mediates crucial platelet functions and that control over...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb33056.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic sequence data provide evidence for a common origin of life and for its evolution by genetic variation via mutation and recombination. This paper discusses the fundamental dialectic paradigm of evolution--stability versus variability--at the crossroads of molecular genetics, population genetics, ecology, and th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08874.x
更新日期:1999-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The natural tetrapeptide acetyl-ser-asp-lys-pro (AcSDKP) is formed in vivo by enzymatic cleavage of the N terminus of thymosin beta4 by prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Recently, AcSDKP was shown to promote angiogenesis. Because of the critical role of neovascularization in cancer development, the levels of AcSDKP and POP...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05488.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of mixed matrix membranes were developed by UOP in the late 1980s. The first type includes adsorbent polymers, such as silicalite-cellulose acetate (CA), NaX-CA, and AgX-CA mixed matrix membranes. The silicalite-CA has a CO(2)/H(2) selectivity of 5.15 +/- 2.2. In contrast, the CA membrane has a CO(2)/H(2) se...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb06012.x
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deregulation of signaling pathways is a common feature observed in human cancers and other diseases. Therefore, there is a strong need for compounds that are able to modulate or inactivate upregulated signaling events. Natural compounds extracted from plants have long been used and still present a dynamic domain in th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1397.041
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social behavior in most human societies is characterized by the following of moral rules explicitly justified by religious belief systems. These systems constitute the diverse domain of human sacred values. Supernatural entities as founders or warranty of moral principles may be seen as a form of "conversation stopper...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04603.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we have presented an overview of fundamental issues involved in mediphotonic imaging, and reviewed some of the emerging techniques for early-light transillumination imaging of body organs. The results on human breast tissues presented here, together with the data accumulated and advances made by resea...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb46200.x
更新日期:1997-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::The NFkappaB factor Bcl-3 influences the survival of T cells when they are activated to take part in immune responses. Because treatment of mice with adjuvant results in the increased expression of Bcl-3 in T cells, where it has survival-promoting effects, Bcl-3 may be an important, limiting factor that is supplied to...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb05947.x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agonist interactions with release processes do not validate autoreceptor operation. Instead, the data suggests that autoreceptors function as homoreceptors. Declining efficacy of agonist inhibition of transmitter release with increasing stimulation "intensity" is not assignable to competition with endogenous transmitt...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb31980.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cold-restraint stress reduces gastric blood flow and produces acute gastric ulcers. We studied the role of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on gastric blood flow and gastric ulceration during stress. Spontaneously hypertensive rats, a stress-sensitive strain, were pretreated for 14 days with the AT(1) receptor antagonist cande...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1296.044
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parachlamydiaceae are potential emerging pathogens that naturally infect free-living amoebae. We investigated the affects of incubation temperature on the growth and cytopathic effect of P. acanthamoeba in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. A. polyphaga were infected with P. acanthamoeba and incubated at different temperatures f...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07437.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence is reviewed that suggests a central role for telomeres in one major model of biological aging, namely, proliferative senescence. Telomeric shortening with each cell division does not only act as a biological clock, but appears to trigger the ultimate loss of proliferative ability via activation of the p53-dep...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09912.x
更新日期:1998-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Many electronic design tools are, at their core, tools for analyzing interacting networks of components in which there is a definite causal sense of direction in each interaction: outputs affect inputs, but not vice versa. Simplifying or restricting a network of protein interactions so that this kind of directedness h...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04534.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The New York Stem Cell Foundation's "Fifth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference" convened on October 12-13, 2010 at the Rockefeller University in New York City. The conference attracted over 400 scientists, patient advocates, and stem cell research supporters from 16 countries. In addition to poster and ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06038.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The APC protein is a crucial regulator of intestinal cell growth, and mutations in the APC gene are a common initial event in the process of human colorectal carcinogenesis. Animals bearing germline mutations in Apc are therefore important models for human colorectal cancer. These animals have been used both to unders...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08721.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large-scale differential gene expression in lymphomononuclear cells of six patients with recently diagnosed type), and six normal individuals matched to patients for sex and age were studied. Glass slides containing 4608 cDNAs from the IMAGE library were spotted using robotic technology. Statistical analysis was c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1375.026
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-lymphocytes from three species of New World monkeys were susceptible to transformation in vitro with human T-cell leukemia virus. Marmoset T-lymphocytes transformed in vitro with HVS or HVA, T-lymphotropic herpesviruses of New World monkeys, were also transformed with HTLV resulting in doubly transformed T-cells. Th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb37186.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three distinct pathological conditions, related to different means by which dense intralabyrinthine particles interfere with the function of a semicircular canal and cause nystagmus and vertigo, are amenable to treatment with repositioning maneuvers. Known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and variants, these co...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03744.x
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two series of antiarrhythmic drugs tested, as the octanol/water partition coefficient increases so do the following: elimination from the body by biotransformation, first-pass biotransformation in the liver and gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, protein binding to some extent, and penetration into br...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb14507.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mass production of Ehrlichia ruminantium variants from different regions of sub-Saharan Africa is one of the difficulties that must be overcome in producing a heartwater vaccine. Vaccine productivity can be limited by endogenous induction of interferon (IFN), which inhibits the propagation of Ehrlichia ruminantium (ER...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and oxidative stress (OS) contribute to the development and progression of diabetic complications. We have reported that dietary AGEs and OS induce acute endothelial dysfunction in vivo, but little is known about their effects on adipokines. Twenty inpatients with type 2 diabetes ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1433.042
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-month-old Swiss mice were allocated into three groups: (A) control; (B) infected group; and (C) infected but treated with 5 mg of the phytocompound MMT. Mice were infected intranasally with 30 microL of 75 HA viral units. MMT markedly blunted the nasal signs of virus infection and the febrile response. Formazan...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1354.059
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between chaos and quantum mechanics has been somewhat uneasy--even stormy, in the minds of some people. However, much of the confusion may stem from inappropriate comparisons using formal analyses. In contrast, our starting point here is that a complete dynamical description requires a full understand...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1350.026
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00