Control of cardiac arrhythmias by calcium antagonism.

Abstract:

:In recent years calcium channel blockers have emerged as a new class of antiarrhythmic agents for the control of certain supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Electrophysiologically, they are heterogeneous but their main action is mediated through a depressant effect on the slow calcium channel in cardiac muscle. In isolated muscle, their actions are modulated by their reflex actions and by their interaction with the autonomic nervous system due to the nonocompetitive adrenergic blocking actions that some of the compounds exhibit. The major agents exerting antiarrhythmic actions are verapamil, diltiazem, gallopamil, tiapamil, and bepridil; the dihydropyridines are devoid of significant electrophysiologic actions in vivo. Calcium antagonists prolong intranodal conduction time, lengthen the effective and functional refractory periods in the AV node, but exert little or no effect on atrial, ventricular, His-Purkinje, or bypass tract conduction or refractoriness (except in the case of bepridil, which has additional electrophysiologic properties). These effects form the basis of the clinical antiarrhythmic effects of this class of agents. The most striking action is the predictable and prompt termination of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia by intravenous verapamil and diltiazem and the slowing of the ventricular response in atrial flutter and fibrillation. These agents may also be of value in the chronic control of ventricular response in atrial flutter and fibrillation; their role in multifocal atrial tachycardia and other ectopic tachycardias is less well defined. Calcium antagonists reverse ischemic ventricular arrhythmias due to coronary artery spasm but exert little or no action in the usual forms of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with severe structural heart disease. They are poor suppressants of premature ventricular contractions. Recent data have established their role in exercise-induced tachycardia occurring in the context of ischemic heart disease; they are also of value in ventricular tachycardia occurring in young subjects developing tachycardia with a right bundle branch block with left axis deviation morphology, an arrhythmia thought to be due to triggered automaticity. The role of calcium antagonists in reducing the incidence of sudden death in the survivors of acute myocardial infarction remains uncertain.

journal_name

Ann N Y Acad Sci

authors

Nademanee K,Singh BN

doi

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb33397.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1988-01-01 00:00:00

pages

536-52

eissn

0077-8923

issn

1749-6632

journal_volume

522

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Tumor necrosis factor family receptors regulating bone turnover: new observations in osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell lines.

    abstract::While the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members RANKL and TNF-alpha are critical regulators of osteoclast formation, functions of other TNFs in bone are poorly understood. Here we consider the roles in regulating bone turnover of TNF receptors (TNF-R) also expressed by osteoblasts and osteoblast precursors. TNF r...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1196/annals.1402.025

    authors: Robinson LJ,Borysenko CW,Blair HC

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • SPR imaging-based salivary diagnostics system for the detection of small molecule analytes.

    abstract::Saliva is an underused fluid with considerable promise for biomedical testing. Its potential is particularly great for monitoring small-molecule analytes since these are often present in saliva at concentrations that correlate well with their free levels in blood. We describe the development of a prototype diagnostic ...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1196/annals.1384.026

    authors: Fu E,Chinowsky T,Nelson K,Johnston K,Edwards T,Helton K,Grow M,Miller JW,Yager P

    更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00

  • Treatment of osteoporosis with MMP inhibitors.

    abstract::In the current study, we examined the effects of minocycline on the osteopenia of ovariectomized (OVX) aged rats using the marrow ablation model. This injury induces rapid bone formation followed by bone resorption in the marrow cavity. Old female rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, OVX, OVX + minocycli...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07684.x

    authors: Williams S,Barnes J,Wakisaka A,Ogasa H,Liang CT

    更新日期:1999-06-30 00:00:00

  • Thymosin α 1: a novel therapeutic option for patients with refractory chronic purulent rhinosinusitis.

    abstract::Chronic purulent rhinosinusitis (CPR) is an inflammatory condition of unknown origin. Although various medical and surgical treatment modalities are available, 5-10% of patients remain refractory. Immune deficiency is one of the underlying risk factors for this disease. Earlier studies demonstrated disturbances in cel...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06742.x

    authors: Dalm VA,de Wit H,Drexhage HA

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • New trends in astrodynamics and applications: optimal trajectories for space guidance.

    abstract::This paper represents recent results on the development of optimal analytic solutions to the variation problem of trajectory optimization and their application in the construction of on-board guidance laws. The importance of employing the analytically integrated trajectories in a mission design is discussed. It is ass...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1196/annals.1370.002

    authors: Azimov D,Bishop R

    更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00

  • The sounds of poetry viewed as music.

    abstract::An extended parallel is developed between musical and prosodic structures, using the author's cognitively oriented music theory and recent work in generative phonology. For illustration, the sounds of a short poem by Robert Frost are treated entirely in musical terms. The poem is assigned a phonological stress grid an...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05743.x

    authors: Lerdahl F

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of gestational cocaine exposure on pregnancy outcome, postnatal development, cognition and locomotion in rats.

    abstract::Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either 40 mg/kg (-)cocaine hydrochloride or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline, subcutaneously (s.c.), once daily from gestational day 12 (GD 12) to GD 21. Gestational cocaine exposure had no effect on maternal weight gain, length of gestation, birthweight, fetal...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Choi SJ,Mazzio E,Soliman KF

    更新日期:1998-05-30 00:00:00

  • Quinolinic acid accumulation during neuroinflammation. Does it imply excitotoxicity?

    abstract::It is often proposed that quinolinic acid (QUIN) contributes to the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation because this kynurenine pathway metabolite is a selective agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and both its brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations increase markedly with inflammation. Howe...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03605.x

    authors: Obrenovitch TP

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • Age-related aspects of human IgM(+) B cell heterogeneity.

    abstract::The CD27(+) IgD(+) B cell population, known as IgM memory, reduces with age. It is thought that this population is responsible for pneumococcal polysaccharide T-independent responses, and that the age-related reduction might be partially responsible for the increased susceptibility of older people to bacterial pathoge...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/nyas.12823

    authors: Martin V,Wu YC,Kipling D,Dunn-Walters DK

    更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00

  • Policy insights from the nutritional food market transformation model: the case of obesity prevention.

    abstract::This paper presents a system dynamics policy model of nutritional food market transformation, tracing over-time interactions between the nutritional quality of supply, consumer food choice, population health, and governmental policy. Applied to the Canadian context and with body mass index as the primary outcome, we e...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/nyas.12381

    authors: Struben J,Chan D,Dubé L

    更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00

  • Xenozoonoses and the xenotransplant recipient.

    abstract::The use of animal cells, tissues, or organs for humans is being investigated as an alternative to allotransplantation and as therapy for a broad range of disease states including diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and neurologic pain control. The risk of transmitting novel infections with these tissues, xenozoonoses, has ...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09121.x

    authors: Michaels M

    更新日期:1998-12-30 00:00:00

  • Prenatal cocaine exposure: long-term deficits in learning and motor performance.

    abstract::We have developed a rabbit model of in utero exposure to intravenous injections of cocaine given twice daily to dams from gestational days 8-29. At the doses employed (4 mg/kg, injected twice daily), no differences were found in the body weight gain of dams, time to delivery, litter size, and body weight or other phys...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Romano AG,Harvey JA

    更新日期:1998-06-21 00:00:00

  • Sex hormones and risk of liver tumor.

    abstract::The liver is morphologically and functionally modulated by sex hormones. Long-term use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) can induce both benign (hemangioma, adenoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH]) and malignant (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) hepatocellular tumors. Hepatic ade...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1196/annals.1386.044

    authors: Giannitrapani L,Soresi M,La Spada E,Cervello M,D'Alessandro N,Montalto G

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • A stage-specific, parasite-induced, "window" of in vivo interferon-gamma production is associated with pathogenesis in Theileria annulata infection.

    abstract::The tick-borne protozoan parasite Theileria annulata causes tropical theileriosis, a severe leukoproliferative disease of cattle, which naive susceptible animals fail to control. The parasite infects and transforms macrophages, developing in the local draining lymph node. IFN gamma has been shown to block parasite dev...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11044.x

    authors: Campbell JD,Nichani AK,Brown DJ,Glass EJ,Spooner RL

    更新日期:1998-06-29 00:00:00

  • Amyloidogenesis in familial British dementia is associated with a genetic defect on chromosome 13.

    abstract::Familial British dementia (FBD) is a disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits in cerebral blood vessels and brain parenchyma coexisting with neurofibrillary tangles in limbic areas. The amyloid subunit (ABri) is a 4 kDa fragment of a 266 amino acid type II single-spanning transmembrane precursor prot...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06908.x

    authors: Ghiso J,Vidal R,Rostagno A,Miravalle L,Holton JL,Mead S,Révész T,Plant G,Frangione B

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Neuroprotection against ischemia by metabolic inhibition revisited. A comparison of hypothermia, a pharmacologic cocktail and magnesium plus mexiletine.

    abstract::Previous studies have suggested that metabolic inhibition is neuroprotective, but little evidence has been provided to support this proposal. Using the in vitro rabbit retina preparation as an established model of the central nervous system (CNS), we measured the rate of glucose utilization and lactate production, and...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07999.x

    authors: Maynard KI,Quiñones-Hinojosa A,Malek JY

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Conjugate problems of transport phenomena under quasi-steady microaccelerations in realistic spaceflight.

    abstract::A new model for spatial convective transport processes conjugated with the measured or calculated realistic quasi-steady microaccelerations is presented. Rotation around the mass center, including accelerated rotation, gravity gradient, and aerodynamical drag are taken into account. New results of the effect on mixing...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04087.x

    authors: Polezhaev VI,Nikitin SA

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • Conventional medical therapies for endometriosis.

    abstract::Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disorder that affects approximately 14% of all women and 30% to 50% of infertile women. Since the most common symptoms of endometriosis--progressive dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility--are also symptoms of multiple disorders, a diagnosis of endometrios...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02795.x

    authors: Rice VM

    更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00

  • Saliva testing for drugs of abuse.

    abstract::Saliva testing for drugs of abuse can provide both qualitative and quantitative information on the drug status of an individual undergoing testing. Self-administration by the oral, intranasal, and smoking routes often produces "shallow depots" of drug that contaminate the oral cavity. This depot produces elevated drug...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18346.x

    authors: Cone EJ

    更新日期:1993-09-20 00:00:00

  • Mechanisms of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation by immune signals in the adult rat.

    abstract::Immune stimulation increases the activity of the HPA axis, a phenomenon directly or indirectly mediated through cytokines. We have used two models, the peripheral administration of endotoxin (LPS) or turpentine-induced tissue injury to show that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin (VP), hypothalamic p...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09582.x

    authors: Turnbull AV,Lee S,Rivier C

    更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00

  • MHC class I chain-related gene-A is associated with IA2 and IAA but not GAD in Swedish type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    abstract::In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the frequency of antibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65), ICA512/IA2 (IA2), and islet cell antigens (ICA) vary with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) composition of the patient. IAA, IA2 autoantibodies, and ICA are increased in DQ8 positives; GAD65 antib...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1196/annals.1375.036

    authors: Gupta M,Graham J,McNeeny B,Zarghami M,Landin-Olsson M,Hagopian WA,Palmer J,Lernmark A,Sanjeevi CB

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • Endothelial cell processing of von Willebrand proteins.

    abstract::The endothelial regulation of vWF synthesis, storage, regulated and constitutive release, and now binding are the focus of numerous research laboratories. The understanding of these phenomena is important to the pathophysiology of local hemostasis. Although the structural understanding of the relationship of vW AgII t...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb30984.x

    authors: Kawai Y,Montgomery RR

    更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular mechanism of metabolic syndrome X: contribution of adipocytokines adipocyte-derived bioactive substances.

    abstract::Syndrome X is a clinical syndrome in which multiple risks cluster in an individual, and it is a common basis of vascular disease in the industrial countries. The molecular basis of Syndrome X, however, has not been elucidated. We have analyzed body fat distribution using CT scan and have shown that people who have acc...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07793.x

    authors: Matsuzawa Y,Funahashi T,Nakamura T

    更新日期:1999-11-18 00:00:00

  • Assessing uterine receptivity in 2001: ultrasonographic glances at the new millennium.

    abstract::The understanding and control of embryo implantation represents the major challenge for assisted reproductive technologies. Along with developments in basic research and efforts to optimize embryo quality, the improvement of noninvasive and reliable methods to assess uterine receptivity constitutes an important step t...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03802.x

    authors: Fanchin R

    更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00

  • Neurological aspects of obstructive sleep apnea.

    abstract::Obstructive sleep apnea is often regarded as a structural disorder causing narrowing of the airway. This article reviews the neurological aspects of obstructive sleep apnea, including the upper airway reflex, cortical arousal thresholds, and motor function as they pertain to the pathophysiology of disease. We also dis...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1196/annals.1444.003

    authors: Broderick M,Guilleminault C

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • Characteristics of analgesias induced by brief or prolonged stress.

    abstract::Some characteristics of the effects of brief and prolonged stress on tail-flick latency are described. The pharmacological profiles of the latency responses to 30 sec and 30 min footshock are strikingly different. Thus, the increase of tail-flick latency after 30 sec shock is unaffected by naloxone and enhanced by dru...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb14621.x

    authors: Curzon G,Hutson PH,Kennett GA,Marcou M,Gower A,Tricklebank MD

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Temporal organization of activity in the cerebellar cortex: a manifesto for synchrony.

    abstract::The issues of temporal coding and the temporal organization of activity have aroused a great deal of interest in sensory systems, cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. Strangely, despite the important timing roles attributed to the cerebellum, little consideration has been given to the organization of activity within the...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb07564.x

    authors: Isope P,Dieudonné S,Barbour B

    更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effects on rapid cooling of small samples in quenching.

    abstract::Rapid cooling of small samples is necessary both to cryofixation for electron microscopy and to vitrification for cryopreservation. Several effects on the cooling rates of small samples quenched into liquid nitrogen were studied, including the diameter of samples, the subcooling of liquid nitrogen, the quenching speed...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10160.x

    authors: Cao Q,Hua TC

    更新日期:1998-09-11 00:00:00

  • The serotonergic system modulates the cocaine-induced expression of the immediate early genes egr-1 and c-fos in rat brain.

    abstract::Transcription regulatory factors are rapidly induced in brain by a wide variety of stimuli and may be important in coordinating changes in gene expression under-lying neuronal plasticity. Using in situ hybridization, we found that acute cocaine administration (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) produced a robust indu...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Humblot N,Thiriet N,Gobaille S,Aunis D,Zwiller J

    更新日期:1998-05-30 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of herpesvirus DNA synthesis by 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine in cellular and cell-free systems.

    abstract::9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate (ara-ATP) is an inhibitor both of DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta from noninfected rabbit kidney cells and of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase induced by herpes simplex virus Type 1 (strain IES). The studies were performed with partially purified enzymes, and each of the...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb21935.x

    authors: Müller WE,Zahn RK,Bittlingmaier K,Falke D

    更新日期:1977-03-04 00:00:00