Abstract:
:We have amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced genomic segments of 118 human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) isolates from 76 cervical biopsy, 14 cervical smear, 3 vulval biopsy, 2 penile biopsy, 2 anal biopsy, and 1 vaginal biopsy sample and two cell lines. The specimens were taken from patients in four countries--Singapore, Brazil, Tanzania, and Germany. The sequence of a 364-bp fragment of the long control region of the virus revealed 38 variants, most of which differed by one or several point mutations. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by distance matrix methods and a transformation series approach. The trees based on the long control region were supported by another set based on the complete E5 protein-coding region. Both sets had two main branches. Nearly all of the variants from Tanzania were assigned to one (African) branch, and all of the German and most of the Singaporean variants were assigned to the other (Eurasian) branch. While some German and Singaporean variants were identical, each group also contained variants that formed unique branches. In contrast to the group-internal homogeneity of the Singaporean, German, and Tanzanian variants, the Brazilian variants were clearly divided between the two branches. Exceptions to this were the seven Singaporean isolates with mutational patterns typical of the Tanzanian isolates. The data suggest that HPV-16 evolved separately for a long period in Africa and Eurasia. Representatives of both branches may have been transferred to Brazil via past colonial immigration. The comparable efficiencies of transfer of the African and the Eurasian variants to the New World suggest pandemic spread of HPV-16 in past centuries. Representatives of the African branch were possibly transferred to the Far East along old Arab and Indonesian sailing routes. Our data also support the view that HPV-16 is a well-defined virus type, since the variants show only a maximal genomic divergence of about 5%. The small amount of divergence in any one geographic location and the lack of marked divergence between the Tanzanian and Brazilian African genome variants two centuries after their likely introduction into the New World suggest a very slow rate of viral evolution. The phylogenetic tree therefore probably represents a minimum of several centuries of evolution, if not an age equal to that of the respective human races.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Chan SY,Ho L,Ong CK,Chow V,Drescher B,Dürst M,ter Meulen J,Villa L,Luande J,Mgaya HNdoi
10.1128/JVI.66.4.2057-2066.1992subject
Has Abstract,Author List Incompletepub_date
1992-04-01 00:00:00pages
2057-66issue
4eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Recombinant DNA clones of a viral clone of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, were found to have long terminal repeats of different sizes. The variation was in the U3 region of the long terminal repeats, and any one clone had U3 of the same size in both long terminal repeats. The U3 regions in the 5' and 3' l...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.41.1.163-171.1982
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.66.1.172-182.1992
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular transcription factors Sp1 and NF-kappaB were upregulated shortly after the binding of purified live or UV-inactivated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to the cell surface. The rapid time frame of transcription factor induction is similar to that seen in other systems in which cellular factors are induced foll...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.7.5051-5059.1997
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abstract::The roles of the capsid protein (CP) and the CP coding sequence of tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) in genome amplification were analyzed. A series of frameshift-stop codon mutations that interrupted translation of the CP coding sequence at various positions were introduced into the TEV genome. A series of 3' deletion mut...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.7.4370-4379.1996
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abstract::The physical map locations of 62 temperature-sensitive mutations of vaccinia virus WR have been determined by marker rescue experiments, using cloned HindIII fragments of wild-type DNA. Since vaccinia virus DNA is not infectious, marker rescue was performed by infecting monolayers of cells at the nonpermissive tempera...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.48.2.419-428.1983
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rio Bravo virus (RBV) is a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. It belongs to a group of viruses in the genus with no known vector. In this report, we analyze the complete genome of the prototype RBV, strain M64. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00331-12
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abstract::The Coccolithoviridae are a group of viruses which infect the marine coccolithophorid microalga Emiliania huxleyi. The Emiliania huxleyi viruses (known as EhVs) described herein have 160- to 180-nm diameter icosahedral structures, have genomes of approximately 400 kbp, and consist of more than 450 predicted coding seq...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.07046-11
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.11.6788-6793.1992
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02470-06
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.26.2.299-305.1978
更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00865-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.3.1.17-24.1969
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.64.12.5919-5926.1990
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.78.9.4783-4796.2004
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.31.1.156-171.1979
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.71.12.9803-9807.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.5.2254-2260.1991
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.12.7270-7281.1992
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyze intrauterine transmission, MT-2 cells, a human T-cell line producing human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), were injected into eight pregnant F344 rats, and cesarean section was performed at day 23 of pregnancy. HTLV-I provirus was detected by PCR in the liver and spleen taken from one of the eight fe...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.2.1302-1305.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The E5 oncoprotein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 is a 44-amino-acid, hydrophobic polypeptide which localizes predominantly in Golgi membranes and appears to transform cells through the activation of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors. In fibroblasts, E5 interacts with both the 16-kilodalton vacuolar ATPase subu...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.70.4.2420-2430.1996
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.51.3.776-787.1984
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number, chromosomal distribution, and insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses (enFeLVs) were determined in four domestic cats (Burmese, Egyptian Mau, Persian, and nonbreed) using fluorescent in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. Twenty-nine distinct enFeLV loci were detected a...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.7.3979-3986.2005
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the P1 region of the genomes of 10 independent equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) isolates were determined and found to be very closely related. A panel of seven monoclonal antibodies to the prototype virus ERAV.393/76 that bound to nonneutralization epitopes conserved am...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.21.10550-10556.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00