Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:To review the historic context for digital imaging in dentistry and to outline the fundamental issues related to digital imaging modalities. CONTEXT:Digital dental X-ray images can be achieved by scanning analog film radiographs (secondary capture), with photostimulable phosphors, or using solid-state detectors (e.g. charge-coupled device and complementary metal oxide semiconductor). There are four characteristics that are basic to all digital image detectors; namely, size of active area, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast resolution and the spatial resolution. To perceive structure in a radiographic image, there needs to be sufficient difference between contrasting densities. This primarily depends on the differences in the attenuation of the X-ray beam by adjacent tissues. It is also depends on the signal received; therefore, contrast tends to increase with increased exposure. Given adequate signal and sufficient differences in radiodensity, contrast will be sufficient to differentiate between adjacent structures, irrespective of the recording modality and processing used. Where contrast is not sufficient, digital images can sometimes be post-processed to disclose details that would otherwise go undetected. For example, cephalogram isodensity mapping can improve soft tissue detail. CONCLUSIONS:It is concluded that it could be a further decade or two before three-dimensional digital imaging systems entirely replace two-dimensional analog films. Such systems need not only to produce prettier images, but also to provide a demonstrable evidence-based higher standard of care at a cost that is not economically prohibitive for the practitioner or society, and which allows efficient and effective workflow within the business of dental practice.
journal_name
Orthod Craniofac Resjournal_title
Orthodontics & craniofacial researchauthors
Farman AGdoi
10.1034/j.1600-0544.2003.231.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
17-22eissn
1601-6335issn
1601-6343journal_volume
6 Suppl 1pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVES:To measure skull thickness in a group of subjects with skeletal Class II and a group with skeletal Class III malocclusion and compare these results with a group with Class I occlusion. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen. The Class II group...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.00434.x
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the predicted tooth width measurements of permanent canine and premolars from Tanaka-Johnston regression equations and Moyers probability tables with the in situ measurements in a sample of Peruvian adolescents. DESIGN:Cross-sectional. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:Trujillo, Peru; 248 dental cas...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0544.2003.03251.x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial orthodontic adhesives aim to reduce white spot lesions' incidence in orthodontic patients, but they should not jeopardizing its properties. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to answer the question whether the association of antimicrobial agents with orthodontic adhesives compromises its ...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/ocr.12100
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of a modified alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) protocol in combination with facemask (FM) in Class III growing patients. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:Thirty one Class III patients (17 males, 14 females) were treated with a modified Alt-RAMEC/FM protocol...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12051
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cranial sutural samples derived from five children with premature cranial suture fusion we have performed immunostaining for the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase receptor (uPAR). We have found a strong reactivity for cell- or matrix-bound uPA and uPAR in the sutural connective tissue and associat...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0544.2002.50101.x
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the stability of Natural Head Position (NHP) over time using the 3dMDface System. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:This was an experimental study. Three-dimensional facial images of 40 students were captured on two different occasions, with an interval of at least two weeks. ...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12344
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In patients with facial paralysis, facial reanimation surgery may be needed to normalize facial soft tissue function/movements. Critical for this normalization is the dynamics of the nasolabial folds (NLFs). The objective of this prospective, observational study was to determine the 3D morphologic dynamics o...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12400
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to compare three-dimensional airway changes resulting from mandibular advancement surgery and mandibular advancement surgery with constriction. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:The University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Medical Center. A total of 42 patients undergoing mandibu...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12292
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To introduce a new, fast, reliable, and free from software-related bias method to predict three-dimensionally the root position and angulation during and after orthodontic treatment. The final goal is to keep to a minimum the use of ionizing radiation by eliminating the necessity of multiple radiation exposu...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12252
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study sought to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) changes in anteroposterior, vertical and mediolateral positions and orientations of the mandibular condyle as well as joint space parameters following maxillary first premolar extraction and incisor retraction in skeletal Class II patients. SETTING...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12141
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Three-dimensional evaluation of skeletal mandibular changes following Herbst appliance treatment. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:Retrospective case-control study, based on a sample size calculation. Twenty-five pubertal patients treated with Herbst appliance (HAG), and 25 matched Class II patients who receiv...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12154
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the reliability of a new technique for measuring 3D-scanned orthodontic cast models with cross-section planes using teledent, a new software, developed at Technion - for the purpose of this research. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE:Thirty orthodontic plaster models were divided into three equal groups acc...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00417.x
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this review was to systematically appraise the evidence on aligner mechanics and forces and moments generated across difference types of aligners. In vitro- laboratory studies for model simulated tooth movement with aligners. Database searches within Medline via Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controll...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/ocr.12333
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the study was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature describing research done on the stability, adaptation and growth of craniofacial structures following distraction osteogenesis (DO). The design of the study was a literature review of clinical and experimental studies using electronic s...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2009.01452.x
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate cephalometrically craniofacial morphology in children with operated sagittal synostosis and to compare the findings with age- and sex-matched controls. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:Forty-two children (37 boys) with operated primary sagittal synostosis were compared retrospectively with age- and...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12056
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To clarify the correlation between variations in maximum occlusal force and the maxillofacial skeletal pattern in subjects with malocclusion using a compact device. DESIGN:Three hundred and fifty patients (150 males 200 females) with malocclusion were included. The male and female subjects were divided into ...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00405.x
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:While some eruption disorders occur as part of a medical syndrome, primary failure of eruption (PFE) - defined as a localized failure of secondary tooth eruption - exists without systemic involvement. Recent studies support that heredity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PFE. The objective of...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2009.01440.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption in rats. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:Twenty-three 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into control (n = 7), diabetes (n = 9), and diabetes + insulin (n = 7) groups. MATERIALS AND METHO...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12117
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To test the following two hypotheses: 1) different types of retainers result in distinct levels of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and 2) the retainer bonded to all mandibular anterior teeth induces more detrimental outcomes to the periodontium. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:The Department of ...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12129
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that surgical release of synostosed sutures may ameliorate various cranial base abnormalities in craniosynostotic patients. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis in a rabbit model with familial coronal suture synostosis (CSS). Data were collected from 56 New Zealand White rabbits...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0544.2002.01178.x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the potential role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genetic testing to guide preventive care in dental enamel disorders using publicly available databases to access the frequency of deleterious alleles in AMTN, AMLEX and ENAM, associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). SETTING AND SAMPL...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12266
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reduced masticatory function on midline suture growth and morphology in growing pigs. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:The sample was 20 pigs separated into two dietary groups and raised at the Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. Midline s...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2010.01483.x
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synthesis of tooth development biology with human studies focusing on inherited conditions that specifically interfere with tooth development is improving our understanding of normal and pathological tooth formation. The type of inherited dental malformations observed in a given kindred relate to when, during odon...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00384.x
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mental health of children, adolescents, and adults with orofacial clefts has been studied extensively. Outcomes of interest have included parental adaptation, parent-child attachment, child development, intellectual and academic outcomes, behavioral adaptation, and quality of life. The literature sheds light on me...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00394.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the levels of the receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement. A second objective was to investigate the effect of compression force on RANKL and OPG production from human periodontal ligament (hPDL) ...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2006.00340.x
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine whether the use of chewing gum reduced the impact and pain of fixed orthodontic appliances. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:The Orthodontic Department of the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Fifty-seven patients aged 18 years or younger and who were about to start fixed orthodonti...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2012.01546.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repair of tooth supporting alveolar bone defects caused by periodontal and peri-implant tissue destruction is a major goal of reconstructive therapy. Oral and craniofacial tissue engineering has been achieved with limited success by the utilization of a variety of approaches such as cell-occlusive barrier membranes, b...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00352.x
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess total Streptococci (TS) counts and biofilm mass over tooth-tissue-borne palatal expander (TTBPE), as well as the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinse on these variables. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study design employed clinical procedures and laboratorial techniques. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULAT...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00418.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To test the hypothesis that there are no gender differences in the outcomes of patients with class II malocclusion treated with the headgear-activator Teuscher appliance (HATA). DESIGN:Retrospective, longitudinal SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION:Puerto Rico and Scotland, UK. Thirty-one patients requiring corr...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0854.2003.c245.x
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The purpose of our study was to determine morphological changes and bone mineral density (BMD) differences in the adult mandible of offspring exposed to high calcium, low phosphorus diets in utero until weaning age. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Time-mated FVB wild-type mice were fed normal or experimental diet dur...
journal_title：Orthodontics & craniofacial research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/ocr.12269
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
