Abstract:
:Current and potential shortfalls in the number of radiation scientists stand in sharp contrast to the emerging scientific opportunities and the need for new knowledge to address issues of cancer survivorship and radiological and nuclear terrorism. In response to these challenges, workshops organized by the Radiation Research Program (RRP), National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Radiat. Res. 157, 204-223, 2002; Radiat. Res. 159, 812-834, 2003), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (Nature, 421, 787, 2003) have engaged experts from a range of federal agencies, academia and industry. This workshop, Education and Training for Radiation Scientists, addressed the need to establish a sustainable pool of expertise and talent for a wide range of activities and careers related to radiation biology, oncology and epidemiology. Although fundamental radiation chemistry and physics are also critical to radiation sciences, this workshop did not address workforce needs in these areas. The recommendations include: (1) Establish a National Council of Radiation Sciences to develop a strategy for increasing the number of radiation scientists. The strategy includes NIH training grants, interagency cooperation, interinstitutional collaboration among universities, and active involvement of all stakeholders. (2) Create new and expanded training programs with sustained funding. These may take the form of regional Centers of Excellence for Radiation Sciences. (3) Continue and broaden educational efforts of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), and the Radiation Research Society (RRS). (4) Foster education and training in the radiation sciences for the range of career opportunities including radiation oncology, radiation biology, radiation epidemiology, radiation safety, health/government policy, and industrial research. (5) Educate other scientists and the general public on the quantitative, basic, molecular, translational and applied aspects of radiation sciences.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Coleman CN,Stone HB,Alexander GA,Barcellos-Hoff MH,Bedford JS,Bristow RG,Dynlacht JR,Fuks Z,Gorelic LS,Hill RP,Joiner MC,Liu FF,McBride WH,McKenna WG,Powell SN,Robbins ME,Rockwell S,Schiff PB,Shaw EG,Siemann DW,Trdoi
10.1667/rr3096subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
729-37issue
6eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404pii
RR3096journal_volume
160pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The lineal energy distribution and several other dosimetric parameters were measured for the neutrons emitted from a replica of the Hiroshima bomb to determine their usefulness in biological experiments designed to estimate the effectiveness of actual Hiroshima neutrons. The "Little-Boy" replica (LBR) was constructed ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report presents the results of an investigation of changes in the number of erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) that had occurred in tissues of normal B6D2F1 mice 20 h after administration of a radioprotective dose (150 ng) of human recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1). Neutrophilia in...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoadrenocorticism, known as Addison's disease in humans, was diagnosed in six beagles after inhalation of at least 1.7 kBq/g lung of 238PuO2. Histological examination of adrenal gland specimens obtained at necropsy revealed marked adrenal cortical atrophy in all cases. Autoradiographs showed only slight alpha-partic...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), FT-207 and FT-207 + uracil in combination with two repetitions of 43 degrees C hyperthermia in the treatment of the Meth-A-Fibrosarcoma and Sarcoma-180 was examined in vivo in BALB/c mice. The antitumor effect was evaluated in terms of inhibition of tumor growth by measuring...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irradiation from internally deposited radionuclides induces malignant tumors. Ingested long-lived radionuclides accumulate in specific organs that are irradiated throughout life. To elucidate why the development of malignant tumors requires long-term internal exposure, of the order of decades, despite the fact that ir...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR1492.1
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of the primary biochemical defect in the human radiosensitive and cancer-prone syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia (AT), has remained obscure despite many efforts to elucidate it. In this study, AT complementation group D cells and a nearly isogenic corrected AT-hamster hybrid derivative have been analyzed for ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chinese hamster V79 cells grown for several hours in suspension culture form spheroids which are more resistant to killing by ionizing radiation than cells grown on petri dishes, a phenomenon known as the "contact effect." Previous results using the alkali-unwinding assay as a measure of DNA damage have implicated dif...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro assay was used to assess cell killing and induction of neoplastic transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells exposed to X rays and a range of monoenergetic neutrons administered at various dose rates. Curves for cell survival and induction of neoplastic transformation showed nonlinearity for cells exposed to acute...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of uranium isotopes and their decay products 226Ra, 222Rn, 210Pb and 210po have been analyzed in the mineral spring waters of a highly radioactive region of Brazil: Aguas da Prata. This region is located in the Poços de Caldas Plateau, one of the largest weathered alkaline intrusions in the world. D...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that a priming dose of 0.3 Gy on gestation day 11 significantly increased the rate of living fetuses and reduced the incidence of congenital malformations caused by exposure to 5 Gy X rays on gestation day 12 in ICR mice. In the present study, postnatal development of the live offspring was inve...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widely distributed xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) system has been shown to be modulated upon exposure of animals to ionizing radiation through the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) into xanthine oxidase (XO). In the present work, radiomodification of the XOR system by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) a...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0094:roxosi]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using an electron storage ring as a source of radiation, the wavelength dependence of inactivation and membrane damage in yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was investigated in the range from 145 to 254 nm, with special reference to the effects of vacuum-uv radiation. The cells were irradiated on a Millipore filte...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of interphase death was examined in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to accelerated heavy ions (carbon, neon, argon and iron) of various linear energy transfers (LETs) (10-2000 keV/microm). The fraction of cells that underwent interphase death was determined by observing individual cells with time-lapse p...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present paper describes experiments conducted over the last several years which have focused primarily on the development of mammary tumors in BALB/c mice after neutron and gamma irradiation. Time-dose relationships for induction of mammary and lung tumors following irradiation with fission-spectrum neutrons and 1...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of oxygen-deficient tumor cells is a critical issue in cancer therapy. To identify tumor hypoxia, tissue partial oxygen pressure (pO2) can be measured directly. The OxyLite system allows determination of pO2 in tumors and permits continuous measurements of pO2 at a fixed point. In this study, this system ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR3602.1
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinogenesis is a multistep process, involving the irreversible conversion of a stem cell to a terminal-differentiation-resistant cell ("initiation"), followed by the clonal expansion of this cell ("promotion") and by the acquisition of other genetic alterations leading to malignancy ("progression"). The initiation ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionization generates a large number of secondary low-energy electrons (LEEs) with a most probable energy of approximately 10 eV, which can break DNA bonds by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and lead to DNA damage. In this study, we investigated radiation damage to dry DNA induced by X rays (1.5 keV) alone on a ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14476.1
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on murine survival studies, endogenous hemopoietic spleen colony formation (E-CFU), and recovery of bone marrow and splenic granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC), it was demonstrated that the postirradiation administration of glucan, an immunomodulator and hemopoietic stimulant, enhances the radio...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a scenario involving a nuclear detonation during war or a terrorist attack, acute radiation exposure combined with thermal and blast effects results in severe skin injury. Although the cutaneous injury in such a scenario may not be lethal, it may lead to inflammation, delayed wound healing and loss of the skin barr...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR14884.1
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infusions of boronophenylalanine-fructose complex (BPA-F), at doses up to 900 mg/kg of BPA and 860 mg/kg of fructose, have been used to deliver boron to cancer tissue for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), phenylalanine accumulates, which is harmful in the long run. PKU has b...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/rr3067
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently available treatments for radiation-induced nausea and vomiting either are ineffective or reduce performance. The new antiemetic and gastrokinetic agent zacopride was tested in rhesus monkeys to assess its behavioral toxicity and its ability to inhibit radiation-induced emesis. Zacopride (intragastric, 0.3 mg...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show here that the arrests of cells in G2 phase of the cell cycle induced by either staurosporine or ionizing radiation are closely related phenomena governed by a common kinase signaling pathway. The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine induces a complete G2-phase arrest in exponentially growing TK6 human lympho...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This experiment was performed to determine whether ionizing radiation is essential for maximum growth rate in a ciliated protozoan. When extraneous ionizing radiation was reduced to 0.15 mrad/day, the reproduction rate of Tetrahymena pyriformis was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than it was at near ambient leve...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Very low doses of ionizing radiation, 5 to 100 mGy, can induce adaptive responses characterized by elevation in cell survival and reduction in micronuclei formation. Utilizing these end points, RKO human colon carcinoma and transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), wild-type or knockout cells missing TNF receptors 1...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/RR3126.2
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The German Thorotrast study comprises 2,326 patients and 1,890 controls. Forty-eight Thorotrast patients and 239 controls are still alive and are invited for a follow-up examination every 2 years. In the deceased patients, the following neoplastic diseases with excess rates were registered (Thorotrast/controls): liver...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiations induce mutations which can be detected both in coding sequences (Hprt locus) by measuring the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant cells and in minisatellite sequences by DNA fingerprint analysis. We analyzed the effects of irradiation with low-energy protons (31 keV/pm) and, for comparison, with u...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously proposed that survival curves for cells of murine NFSa fibrosarcomas after exposure to fast neutrons might demonstrate curvature when the neutron doses reach a level high enough to cure the fibrosarcomas. We report here that this is the case. Murine NFSa fibrosarcomas growing in the hind legs of syn...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our data (Reddy et al., Radiat. Res. 141, 252-258, 1995) on the kinetics of the repair of potentially lethal damage in log-phase Chinese hamster V79 cells are used to test some predictions which arise from the different assumptions of the repair-misrepair (RMR) (C. A. Tobias, Radiat. Res. 104, S77-S95, 1985), lethal-p...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astronauts traveling outside Earth's magnetosphere risk exposure to charged particle radiation that may cause neurophysiological changes and behavioral deficits. Although proton particles comprise a large portion of the space radiation environment, little has been published on the effects of low-dose proton radiation ...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1667/rr13903.1
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent publication by Leith et al. (Cancer Res. 51, 4111-4113, 1991) showed that administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (0.25 mg/kg; q.i.d. x 7) to mice bearing xenografted A431 human epidermoid cancers produced increased tumor growth and a reduction of the percentage of hypoxic cells within neoplasms. In c...
journal_title:Radiation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00