Abstract：
:This commentary considers modulation as a factor of potential biological importance in assessment of risk of radiofrequency (RF) energy emitted by communications systems and other technologies. Modulation introduces a spread of frequencies into a carrier waveform, but in nearly all cases this spread is small compared to the frequency of the carrier. Consequently, any nonthermal (field-dependent) biological effects related to modulation must result from interaction mechanisms that are fast enough to produce a response at radiofrequencies. Despite considerable speculation, no such mechanisms have been established. While a variety of modulation-dependent biological effects of RF energy have been reported, few such effects have been independently confirmed. Some widely discussed effects, for example a reported modulation-dependent effect of RF fields on the efflux of calcium from brain tissue, remain controversial with no established biological significance. The lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying such effects prevents any assessment of their significance for communications signals with complex modulation characteristics. Future research should be directed at confirmation and mechanistic understanding of reported biological effects related to modulation. While modulation should be considered in the design of risk studies involving communications-type signals, it should not compromise other aspects of good study design, such as maintaining adequate statistical power and identifying dose-response relationships.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Foster KR,Repacholi MHdoi
10.1667/rr3191subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
219-25issue
2eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Many studies have shown the importance of altered cellular proto-oncogene expression in contributing to changes in cell survival, cell transformation, and cell cycle progression. In these experiments we examined the effects of total-body exposure of BCF1 mice to gamma rays (3 Gy) in modulating expression of cellular o...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the antimutagenicity of WR-1065 added after irradiation of cells of cell lines differing in their ability to rejoin radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The postirradiation antimutagenicity of WR-1065 at the thymidine kinase locus was demonstrated for L5178Y (LY...
journal_title：Radiation research
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doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR0835.1
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0678:dccpih]2.0.co;2
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14653.1
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR15459.1
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1667/RR14727.1
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1012.1
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14647.1
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1734.1
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14115.1
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1667/rr3353
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of antibiotic decontamination of Pseudomonas contamination of the GI tract prior to whole-body neutron or gamma irradiation was studied. It was observed that for fission neutron doses greater than 5.5 Gy, cyclotron-produced neutron doses greater than 6.7 Gy, and 137Cs gamma-ray doses greater than 14.4 Gy...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
