Abstract:
:Radiation and many chemicals have been found to induce homologous genetic recombination. Experimental systems that allow the detection and characterization of recombinagens exist in organisms as diverse as bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, and mammals. Recombination plays an important role in many biological processes, and studies of recombinagens can provide insight into underlying mechanisms. Studies of recombinagens are also of applied interest in genetic toxicology, because recombinational events in somatic cells can contribute to human disease. Clear connections have been established between mitotic recombination and the etiology of some cancers. This article briefly reviews two aspects of the induction of genetic recombination by radiation and chemicals--the health implications of recombinagenic effects and assays for detecting recombinagens.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Hoffmann GRdoi
10.1002/em.2850230614subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
59-66eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280journal_volume
23 Suppl 24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are involved in a number of diverse processes. Most often the mitochondrion is associated with energy generation, but other important processes occur in this organelle such as fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism. Although mitochondria encode less than 40 genes, all o...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20508
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This laboratory has previously described a method for scoring the incidence of rodent blood Pig-a mutant phenotype erythrocytes using immunomagnetic separation in conjunction with flow cytometric analysis (In Vivo MutaFlow®). The current work extends this approach to human blood. The frequencies of CD59- and CD55-nega...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21924
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl radical scavengers thiourea, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide significantly reduced the killing of Escherichia coli elicited by low concentrations of H2O2 (resulting in mode 1 killing) when treatments with the oxidant and the scavengers were performed in a complete growth medium (K medium) but not in M9 sa...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850180105
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vanillin (VA) modulates the genotoxicity of chemical and physical agents in a complex manner. Previous studies indicate that VA inhibits the mutagenicity but increases the mitotic homologous recombination caused by at least some genotoxic agents. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of VA on the repair ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20275
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study conducted by our group showed that the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype is associated with an increasing risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), especially for females. We therefore examined whether a higher risk of CRC in females with the NAT2 fast acetylator genotype was associated with the ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20444
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gravid Swiss Webster dams were injected via tail vein with a single (1.1, 2.2, or 3.3 mmol/kg) dose of ethyl carbamate (urethane) on days 13-17 of pregnancy. Relative sister chromatid exchange (SCE) responses in maternal bone marrow vs. individual fetal liver cells were assessed. In addition, in order to evaluate the ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140204
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coal is the largest fossil fuel source used for the generation of energy. However, coal extraction and its use constitute important pollution factors; thus, risk characterization and estimation are extremely important for the safety of coal workers and the environment. Candiota is located to the southeast of the state...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21744
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1960s witnessed detailed studies on the genetic properties of a large number of histidine-requiring mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. The early 1970s saw development of selected strains, the Ames strains, for use in rapid, cheap, sensitive, and manipulable tests of chemicals and chemical mixtures for genotoxic ac...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140610
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mutagenesis moonshot addressing the influence of the environment on our genetic wellbeing was launched just 2 months before astronauts landed on the moon. Its impetus included the discovery that X-rays (Muller HJ. [1927]: Science 64:84-87) and chemicals (Auerbach and Robson. [1946]: Nature 157:302) were germ-cell mu...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.22313
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classification of micronuclei induced by lomefloxacin, a difluorinated quinolone bactericidal agent, in mouse bone marrow was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using DNA probes for the centromere repeated minor satellite DNA and the telomeric hexamer repeat (5'-TTAGGG-3'). Colchicine and mitomycin C were...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20451
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pig-a assay is an emerging and promising in vivo method to determine mutagenic potential of chemicals. Since its development in 2008, remarkable progress has been made in harmonizing and characterizing the test procedures, primarily using known mutagenic chemicals. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22232
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of long-term smoking on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in hair follicles were investigated in subjects with different antioxidant capacity. Twenty-two male smokers with a smoking index of greater than 5 pack-years and without any known systemic diseases were recruited for this study. Forty healthy non...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10105
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the effects of urban air pollutants on human nasal mucosa over an 8-month period on 102 subjects living in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. A group of subjects living in a city with a lower level of pollution (Sassari, Sardinia, Italy) was also analyzed. Nasal mucosa cells were harvested by brushing, a noninvasi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10188
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency of 6-thioguanine resistant (TGr) mutants induced in human G0 phase T-lymphocytes by 200 cGy of gamma irradiation is greatly enhanced by incubation with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) after irradiation. The mutant frequency increased with increasing incubation time in ara-C for up to 2 hr. This mutation ind...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850170403
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mutational spectrum for 28 X-ray induced mutations and 2 spontaneous mutations, previously determined by genetic and cytogenetic methods, consisted of 20 multilocus deficiencies (19 induced and 1 spontaneous) and 10 intragenic mutations (9 induced and 1 spontaneous). One of the X-ray induced intragenic mutations w...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850180303
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous populations of dynamically interacting cells. Genomic and transcriptional changes define this cellular hierarchy and allow certain tumor cells to co-opt metabolic machinery and adopt gene expression profiles that promote cellular reprogramming. Resultant expansion of privileged subp...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21988
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respirable crystalline silica has been classified as a human lung carcinogen. Ultrafine (diameter < 100 nm) silica particles may be important in carcinogenesis, although the mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, WIL2-NS cells were incubated for 6, 24, and 48 hr with 0, 30, 60, and 120 microg/ml ultrafine cr...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20287
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of inherited mutations as a cause of human disease has been established clearly through examples of well-defined genetic anomalies, such as Down syndrome and retinoblastoma. Furthermore, it is suspected that environmental contaminants induce mutations resulting in increased risk for such defects in subs...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850110311
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium/copper chlorophyllin (CHL) is a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll that exhibits antimutagenic activity in several short-term genotoxicity assays and inhibits carcinogen-DNA binding in vivo. The effect of CHL pretreatment on the excretion of mutagens in the urine and feces of male Sprague-Dawley rats has b...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850200308
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most women with breast cancer can become pregnant and give birth while undergoing radiation therapy and breastfeeding is generally not contraindicated. The induction of long-lived reactive species in proteins, such as casein by X-ray radiation and DNA damage to unexposed organisms, has been shown when ingesting irradi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22426
更新日期:2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of lamivudine (an analogue of cytidine) using in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests in human peripheral lymphocytes. The cells were treated with 75, 100, 125, and 150 microg/ml concentrations of lamiv...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20393
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Benchmark Dose (BMD) method is the favored approach for quantitative dose-response analysis where uncertainty measurements are delineated between the upper (BMDU) and lower (BMDL) confidence bounds, or confidence intervals (CIs). Little has been published on the accurate interpretation of uncertainty measurements ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22422
更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::A working group of five statisticians experienced in the use of statistical methods in mutagenicity reviewed aspects of the statistical analysis of genotoxicity test procedures. Issues discussed included methods for integrating biological importance and statistical significance, the relationship of the experimental un...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type:
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tumor suppressor breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) protects our cells from genomic instability in part by facilitating the efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). BRCA1 promotes the error-free repair of DSBs through homologous recombination and is also implicated in the regulation of nonh...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21674
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two phenotypic classes of selectable tk-/- mutants have been isolated from the TK6 human lymphoblast cell line; one has a normal growth rate (tkn) relative to the parental cell line; the other has a slow growth rate (tks). Complete karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes were prepared and analyzed from 16 tks mutants (eig...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140304
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven mutagenic heterocyclic amines, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (A alpha C), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2860120108
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA adducts of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) play a critical role in the etiology of gastrointestinal tract cancers in humans and other species orally exposed to PAHs. Yet, the precise localization of PAH-DNA adducts in the gastrointestinal tract, and the long-term postmortem PAH-DNA adduct stab...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22337
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several types of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have been used for toxicology studies, including a high-organic automobile DEP (A-DEP) from Japan, and a low-organic forklift DEP developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (N-DEP). However, these DEPs were not characterized extensively for chemical...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21812
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to inorganic arsenic increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Arsenic metabolism is a susceptibility factor for arsenic toxicity, and specific haplotypes in arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) have been associated with increased urinary fractions of the most toxic arsenic metabolit...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21896
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on human trisomic conceptuses suggest that the extra chromosome commonly has a maternal origin, and the amount and position of crossing-over on nondisjoined chromosomes is commonly altered. These observations may provide important clues to the etiology of human germ cell aneuploidy, especially in regard to evalua...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:3<192::AID-EM5>3.0
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00