Abstract：
:Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are involved in a number of diverse processes. Most often the mitochondrion is associated with energy generation, but other important processes occur in this organelle such as fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism. Although mitochondria encode less than 40 genes, all of the other approximately 1,000 genes required for their function are nuclear encoded. The protein products from these nuclear encoded genes are subsequently translocated to the mitochondria and utilized in the variety of processes within the organelle. Is it possible then that any of these nuclear encoded proteins could be translocated to other areas of the cell to participate in functions not normally attributed to the mitochondria? There is growing evidence that mitochondrial proteins not only localize to sites outside of the organelle, but also have functionality at these other locales. We suggest that a subset of nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins are bifunctional and are involved in processes outside of the mitochondria. In this perspective, we will discuss published data demonstrating mitochondrial proteins that influence progression of the cell cycle, alter chromosome morphology, localize to centrosomes, and affect centrosome number in the cell. Overall, the mitochondrion is an interesting organelle that participates in a variety of vital functions. We suggest that these essential functions are not solely due to the ability of the mitochondria to produce high amounts of energy. Throughout this discussion we attempt to demonstrate that a cell cannot live without mitochondria and study this issue from a nonenergetic perspective.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Moore A,Golden Adoi
10.1002/em.20508subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-01 00:00:00pages
637-48issue
8eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The induction and nature of mutations in the lacI transgene were evaluated in multiple tissues after exposure of adult male B6C3F1 lacI transgenic mice to cyclophosphamide (CP). Mice were given a single i.p. injection of 25 mg CP/kg, 100 mg CP/kg, or vehicle (PBS) and then necropsied 6 weeks after treatment to allow D...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:F- is not mutagenic in standard bacterial systems, but produces chromosome aberrations and gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells. Although there is disagreement in the literature concerning the ability of F- to induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human and rodent cells, the weight of the evidence leads to t...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/em.2850210402
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in the repair capacity of blood cells could be used as a valuable biomarker for radiation exposure. To characterize the repair kinetics in nonirradiated and irradiated cells we first performed in vitro split dose experiments. DNA damage and DNA repair capacity w...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)30:2<153::aid-em8>3.0
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in drinking water was associated with an increased incidence of oral tumors in F344 rats in a 2-year cancer bioassay conducted by the National Toxicology Program. These tumors primarily occurred at 180 ppm Cr(VI) and appeared to originate from the gingiva...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.21952
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heritable mutations may result in a wide variety of detrimental outcomes, from embryonic lethality to genetic disease in the offspring. Despite this, today's commonly used test batteries do not include assays for germ cell mutation. Current challenges include a lack of practical assays and concrete evidence for human ...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/em.20613
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (TAP2) is involved in the development of multidrug resistance and the etiology of immunological diseases. In this study, we investigated whether the expression of TAP2 can be perturbed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 3'-untranslated region (3'-U...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.22159
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid and simple procedure for the micronucleus test (MNT) in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was established in our laboratory. The assay is intended to quickly screen chromosomal aberrations in vitro within the framework of industrial genotoxicity studies. To test the sensitivity of the assay in the ...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.2850260309
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two freshwater species of planarians, Girardia schubarti Marcus and G. tigrina Girard, were used for measuring chromosome aberration (CA) induction under laboratory conditions. Three genotoxicants were tested: methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), a direct-acting genotoxicant; cyclophosphamide, a metabolism-dependent genotox...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20307
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two phenotypic classes of selectable tk-/- mutants have been isolated from the TK6 human lymphoblast cell line; one has a normal growth rate (tkn) relative to the parental cell line; the other has a slow growth rate (tks). Complete karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes were prepared and analyzed from 16 tks mutants (eig...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.2850140304
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumor suppressor breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) protects our cells from genomic instability in part by facilitating the efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). BRCA1 promotes the error-free repair of DSBs through homologous recombination and is also implicated in the regulation of nonh...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.21674
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prostate cancer (PC) is commonly diagnosed cancer in men but only a few risk factors, such as family history, ethnicity, and age have been established. Chromosomal instability is another possible risk factor but this has not been adequately explained previously. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that peripheral ...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.22240
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper summarizes recent developments in the continuing evolution of Human Relevance Frameworks to systematically consider the weight of evidence of hypothesized modes of action in animals and their potential human relevance for both cancer and non-cancer effects. These frameworks have been developed in initiative...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/em.20369
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metronidazole (MTZ) is used for the treatment of many infectious diseases, including vaginal infections. While data indicate that MTZ is mutagenic and induces micronuclei in rodents, there is no information on the genotoxicity of MTZ in epithelial vaginal cells or cervical cells. In the present study, we have instille...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20214
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed to detect aneuploidy and diploidy in epididymal sperm of rats using DNA probes specific for chromosomes 4 and Y. Fourteen healthy young-adult rats from three strains were evaluated: inbred Fisher 344/N/ehs, outbred Sprague-Dawley, and outbred ...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments described herein were designed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a flow cytometry-based system that scores the incidence of peripheral blood micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs). These procedures represent the continued refinement of a previously reported anti-CD71-based method (Dertinger et...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20075
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aldehydes are widespread environmental and industrial compounds, able to stimulate a range of adverse health effects (e.g., general toxicity, allergenic reactions, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity). We have previously presented quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the genotoxicity of simple and a...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20158
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recently, high concentrations of arsenic have been documented in ground waters of Southern Assam, India. Indiscriminate smokeless tobacco consumption is a common practice in this region. Correlation between nutritional status and arsenic and smokeless tobacco-induced health effects has not been taken up in h...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.22188
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of micronucleus (MN) induction and decline in blood normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) of mice subchronically exposed to benzene was investigated during and after exposure. Swiss (ICR) male mice (10/group) were given 0.0, 36.6, 73.2, and 146.4 mg/kg body weight benzene by gavage daily for 14 days, except f...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.2860120306
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrous acid (NA) is often presumed to cause base substitutions in organisms with double-stranded DNA as a direct consequence of oxidative deamination of adenine and of cytosine residues. Here we summarize evidence indicating that other mechanisms are involved in the case of NA-induced G/C-->A/T transition mutations. ...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.2850240305
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This laboratory has previously described a method for scoring the incidence of rodent blood Pig-a mutant phenotype erythrocytes using immunomagnetic separation in conjunction with flow cytometric analysis (In Vivo MutaFlow®). The current work extends this approach to human blood. The frequencies of CD59- and CD55-nega...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.21924
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arsenic is a world health problem due to the seriousness of its effects, mainly related with the increase of cancer. In Chile, the geological characteristics of the northern region, associated with the development of the copper mining and smelting activities, have contributed to increase the environmental levels of ar...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20374
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molybdenum is an essential element in plants and animals as a cofactor for enzymes. Molybdenum trioxide is used in metallurgical processes, in cosmetics as a pigment, and in contact lens solution, yet limited information is available on molybdenum genotoxicity. In the present study the micronucleus (MN) assay in human...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1998)32:3<251::aid-em8>3.0
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study presents the first application of an in vivo alkaline comet assay using haemocytes of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. These cells, which play a role similar to that of mammalian blood, can be easily obtained and represent an overall exposure of the treated larvae. To validate the assay, we evaluated the res...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20604
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Halogenated acetonitriles (HANs) are known to be water disinfectant by-products. Their mutagenicity and carcinogenicity have been shown in different test systems in vivo and in vitro. They also have clastogenic properties. In this study, the ability of HAN to induce single-strand breaks on the DNA of HeLa S3 cells was...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/1098-2280(2000)36:1<52::aid-em8>3.0.co;2-9
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Micronucleus (MN) expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes is well established as a standard method for monitoring chromosome damage in human populations. The first results of an analysis of pooled data from laboratories using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and participating in the HUMN (HUman Micro...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genotoxic effects associated with automobile painting were analyzed using a panel of biomarkers. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei were evaluated in 25 car painters (12 smokers, 13 nonsmokers) working in different automobile paint-shops in Italy and in 37 control subje...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20147
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of hispidulin and hortensin, the flavonoids from Millingtonia hortensis L. (Bignoniaceae), were performed using the liquid preincubation method of the Salmonella/microsome test. At the highest dose tested, 100 micrograms/plate, both compounds showed no mutagenicity and ...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.2850200409
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Therapy-related leukemia has been a recognized sequela of cancer treatment for decades with "signature" abnormalities of chromosomes 5, 7, and 11 observed in treated patients. Risk to oncology personnel handling anti-cancer agents has also been documented by non-specific measures of genotoxicity in blood and urine. Us...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.21852
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several genotoxicity endpoints have been evaluated to define nonlinear dose-responses for SN 1 and SN 2 alkylating genotoxicants. Dose-response studies acknowledging the process of multistage tumorigenesis are important; however, data pertaining nonlinearity are not yet available. In this communication, the role of DN...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.21834
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is often treated with diuretics, like hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Previous results on the in vitro genotoxicity of HCTZ are equivocal. In the present study, we have evaluated the genotoxicity of HCTZ in cultured human lymphocytes using the Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus (CBMN) assay. In addition, micron...
journal_title：Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/em.20180
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
