Abstract:
:A multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed to detect aneuploidy and diploidy in epididymal sperm of rats using DNA probes specific for chromosomes 4 and Y. Fourteen healthy young-adult rats from three strains were evaluated: inbred Fisher 344/N/ehs, outbred Sprague-Dawley, and outbred WU Wistar/CPB. The hybridization efficiency of the FISH procedure was > 99.9%, the sex-ratio in sperm was approximately 1 as expected, and there was no significant variation among two independent scorers. No significant variations were detected within or among strains in the frequencies of sperm disomy for chromosome 4 (1-6.5 per 10,000 cell per animal) or the Y chromosome (0-2.5 per 10,000 cells per animal). There was a trend toward increased variation among Wistar rats. The frequencies of sperm-carrying hyper- and hypohaploidy for chromosome 4 were similar, suggesting a symmetrical mechanism of chromosome gain and loss during meiosis. The frequencies of Y-Y-4-4 sperm, which represent genomic meiosis II errors, did not differ significantly across strains (0.1-0.7 per 10,000 cells per strain). This FISH method for detecting aneuploidy in rat epididymal sperm provides a promising interspecies biomarker of male germ cell aneuploidy and introduces the rat as an animal model for investigating the heritable risk to offspring associated with paternal genotype, physiology, and exposure to environmental mutagens. There appear to be no significant differences among young healthy rats, mice, and men in the baseline frequencies of sperm with Y chromosomal disomy, the only chromosome for which data currently exists for all three species.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Lowe XR,de Stoppelaar JM,Bishop J,Cassel M,Hoebee B,Moore D 2nd,Wyrobek AJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
125-32issue
2eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280pii
10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)31:2<125::AID-EM4>3.0journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Chromosome aberrations can occur by secondary mechanism(s) associated with cytotoxicity, induced by chemicals that do not attack DNA. Aberrations are formed from DNA double-strand breaks, and DSBs are known to be induced by nonmutagenic (Ames test negative) noncarcinogens at toxic levels [Storer et al. (1996): Mutat R...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micronuclei were assessed among the bone marrow PCEs of mice 28 hr after exposures to 1 to 8 Gy of X-rays and at 6-hr intervals from 12-60 hr after exposures to 2 or 6 Gy. At 28 hr, the frequency of micronuclei declined as the exposure level increased from 1 to 8 Gy. The peak proportion of micronucleated PCEs appeared...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850230209
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extractable organic material (EOM) from atmospheric total suspended particles (TSP) contains several organic compounds including non-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkyl-PAHs, and nitro-PAHs. These chemicals seem to be among the key drivers of TSP genotoxicity. We have shown previously that t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22377
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial dysfunction is a global term used in the context of "unhealthy" mitochondria. In practical terms, mitochondria are extremely complex and highly adaptive in structure, chemical and enzymatic composition, subcellular distribution and functional interaction with other components of cells. Consequently, alte...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20553
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::311 chemicals were tested under code, for mutagenicity, in Salmonella typhimurium; 35 of the chemicals were tested more than once in the same or different laboratories. The tests were conducted using a preincubation protocol in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation, and in the presence of liver S-9 from Aroclo...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850190603
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the mutation process and how it impacts target populations has deepened steadily during the hundred years since 1919. Recent advances in engineering genetically determined social traits points towards the logical culmination of this knowledge. ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850230605
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perturbation of DNA replication by chemical-DNA adducts produced by exposure to mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals results in mutagenic or cytotoxic damage in the DNA. Demonstration of a correlation between cell cycle dependency of cytotoxicity and point mutation at the Na+/K+ ATPase gene could suggest that the two cons...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2860120304
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tryptophan is metabolized through serotonin, indole, and kynurenine (KN) pathways. Uptake of an excess amount of tryptophan accompanied with vitamin B6 deficiency may result in the accumulation of higher concentrations of metabolites mainly from the KN pathways in the bladder. These metabolites could interact with nit...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20588
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A transplacental carcinogenicity study was conducted by exposing pregnant Swiss (CD-1) mice to 0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)/kg body weight (BW) daily for the duration of gestation (18-19 days) [National Toxicology Program,2006]. The incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinom...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20420
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA damage induced by physical activity and/or exercise has been reported under different conditions but not for individuals maintaining physical fitness by regular strenuous exercise. Therefore, we compared levels of DNA damage in blood leukocytes of 40 healthy individuals (35 males, 5 females) who regularly exercise...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20457
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of long-term smoking on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in hair follicles were investigated in subjects with different antioxidant capacity. Twenty-two male smokers with a smoking index of greater than 5 pack-years and without any known systemic diseases were recruited for this study. Forty healthy non...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10105
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two freshwater species of planarians, Girardia schubarti Marcus and G. tigrina Girard, were used for measuring chromosome aberration (CA) induction under laboratory conditions. Three genotoxicants were tested: methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), a direct-acting genotoxicant; cyclophosphamide, a metabolism-dependent genotox...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20307
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased telomerase expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and, since the primary cause of lung cancer is smoking, an association between telomerase reactivation and tobacco smoke has been proposed. In this work an investigation has been performed to assess the relationship between tobacco ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22127
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A data base consisting of 61 heterocyclic amines formed during food preparation and their des-amino analogs were subjected to structure-activity analysis using the CASE method, a structural activity relational expert system. The program identified the major structural determinants associated with mutagenic activity or...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850210114
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) are gaining importance as diagnostic and therapeutic tool of central nervous system diseases. Although oleic acid-coated ION (O-ION) have been described as stable and biocompatible, their potential neurotoxicity was scarcely evaluated in human nervous cells so far. The primary aim of thi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22323
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene is an important industrial chemical and widespread environmental pollutant known to induce leukemia and other blood disorders. To be carcinogenic, benzene must be metabolized to produce toxic metabolites. To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the metabolic enzyme genes are associated...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21786
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antioxidant vitamins are able to deactivate highly bioactive molecules, such as free radicals, that are generated during cellular biochemical processes. Doxorubicin (DXR) is a cancer chemotherapeutic agent that generates free radicals as a byproduct. In the present study, the Drosophila melanogaster somatic wing spot ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20160
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of our study was to develop a micronucleus (MN) assay for detecting genotoxic damage after inhalation exposure in mouse alveolar Type II and Clara cells, potential target cells for lung carcinogens. Ten male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ethylene oxide (630 mg/m(3)) for 4 hr via inhalation; 10 unexposed ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20520
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA is exposed to endogenous and environmental factors that can form stable lesions. If not repaired, these lesions can lead to transcription/replication blocking or mutagenic bypass. Our previous work has focused on 8,5'-cyclopurine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, a unique class of oxidatively induced DNA lesions that are s...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20619
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The placenta is a readily available source of material for molecular epidemiological investigations. As such, DNA damage in this tissue can be indicative of maternal exposure to environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Previous reports have demonstrated that (32)P-postlabeling (PPL) is...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-2280(2000)36:4<274::aid-em3>3.0.co;2-
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficiency of the micronucleus test to assess radiation-induced chromosomal damage in human spermatozoa has been investigated. Micronuclei were scored in human sperm-hamster egg hybrids at the two-cell stage, after exposure of human spermatozoa to in vitro gamma-rays at doses of 0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00,...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850260407
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three carbamate insecticides (propoxur, methomyl, and aldicarb) were evaluated for their ability to induce micronuclei (MN) in vitro using cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and in vivo in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes. In vitro, all three insecticides induced a significant increase in micronucleated binucle...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women are administered nucleoside-analogue antiretrovirals to reduce maternal-infant viral transmission. The current protocol recommends treating newborns for 6 additional weeks postpartum. The treatment is effective, but the risk of drug-induced chromosomal damage ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10210
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micronucleus (MN) expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes is well established as a standard method for monitoring chromosome damage in human populations. The first results of an analysis of pooled data from laboratories using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and participating in the HUMN (HUman Micro...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in the repair capacity of blood cells could be used as a valuable biomarker for radiation exposure. To characterize the repair kinetics in nonirradiated and irradiated cells we first performed in vitro split dose experiments. DNA damage and DNA repair capacity w...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)30:2<153::aid-em8>3.0
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noncovalent DNA interactions, e.g., DNA intercalation and DNA groove-binding, have not been well studied relative to covalent interactions largely due to the inability of predicting and detecting such events in intact cells. We have adapted an in vitro bleomycin amplification method for DNA intercalation for use in cu...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20096
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aldehydes are widespread environmental and industrial compounds, able to stimulate a range of adverse health effects (e.g., general toxicity, allergenic reactions, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity). We have previously presented quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the genotoxicity of simple and a...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20158
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous populations of dynamically interacting cells. Genomic and transcriptional changes define this cellular hierarchy and allow certain tumor cells to co-opt metabolic machinery and adopt gene expression profiles that promote cellular reprogramming. Resultant expansion of privileged subp...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21988
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrous acid (NA) is often presumed to cause base substitutions in organisms with double-stranded DNA as a direct consequence of oxidative deamination of adenine and of cytosine residues. Here we summarize evidence indicating that other mechanisms are involved in the case of NA-induced G/C-->A/T transition mutations. ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850240305
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintenance of the mitochondrial genome is essential for proper cellular function. For this purpose, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) needs to be faithfully replicated, transcribed, translated, and repaired in the face of constant onslaught from endogenous and environmental agents. Although only 13 polypeptides are encoded w...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.22319
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00