Abstract:
:The efficiency of the micronucleus test to assess radiation-induced chromosomal damage in human spermatozoa has been investigated. Micronuclei were scored in human sperm-hamster egg hybrids at the two-cell stage, after exposure of human spermatozoa to in vitro gamma-rays at doses of 0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 Gy. The relationship between the yield of micronuclei per two-cell stage as well as the percentage of two-cell stages with micronuclei and the different doses of irradiation were fitted to linear equations. To evaluate whether scoring micronuclei is useful for the quantification of chromosomal damage occurring in human spermatozoa, induced micronuclei at the different doses of sperm irradiation were compared to the induction of breaks and fragments in sperm-derived chromosomes. After interspecific fertilization of zona-free hamster oocytes by irradiated spermatozoa, a total of 699 fertilized eggs at the two-cell stage and a total of 387 sperm-derived complements were analyzed. The incidence of fertilized eggs with micronuclei at the two-cell stage coincided well with the incidence of sperm-derived chromosome breaks and fragments (e.g., 8.9% vs. 6.7% in the 0.25 Gy group and 52.8% vs. 58.6% in the 4.00 Gy group). A similar correlation was found between the number of micronuclei per two-cell stage and the number of breaks and fragments per sperm complement (0.09 vs. 0.07 in the 0.25 Gy group and 0.71 vs. 0.81 in the 4.00 Gy group). The results show that this test system can be used for the quantification of spontaneous or induced chromosomal damage in human spermatozoa.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Tusell L,Alvarez R,Caballín MR,Genescà A,Miró R,Ribas M,Egozcue Jdoi
10.1002/em.2850260407subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
315-23issue
4eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Genomes of all living organisms are constantly threatened by endogenous and exogenous agents that challenge the chemical integrity of DNA. Most bacteria have evolved a coordinated response to DNA damage. In Escherichia coli, this inducible system is termed the SOS response. The SOS global regulatory network consists o...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.22267
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy has been proposed to have implications in the treatment of cancer. By genetically manipulating the hematopoietic stem cell compartment with genes that confer resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, the dose escalation that is necessary to effectively treat the cancers could potentially be achieved. DNA rep...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(2000)35:2<71::aid-em1>3.0.
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay was employed to test the mutagenicity of some benzamines (aniline, and o- and p-phenylenediamine) and their nitro-derivatives (p-nitroaniline, 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine, 3- and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine), using strains TA98 and TA100 and their nitroreductase-deficient mutants, TA...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:1<67::AID-EM9>3.0.
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metronidazole (MTZ) is used for the treatment of many infectious diseases, including vaginal infections. While data indicate that MTZ is mutagenic and induces micronuclei in rodents, there is no information on the genotoxicity of MTZ in epithelial vaginal cells or cervical cells. In the present study, we have instille...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
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doi:10.1002/em.20214
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doi:10.1002/em.20369
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2860120304
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A working group of five statisticians experienced in the use of statistical methods in mutagenicity reviewed aspects of the statistical analysis of genotoxicity test procedures. Issues discussed included methods for integrating biological importance and statistical significance, the relationship of the experimental un...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type:
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the genotoxic effects of a widely used herbicide, trifluralin, and its commercial formulation, Treflan, were evaluated using the micronucleus test in a commercially important fish species, Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia). Fish were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 microg/L doses of trifluralin and Treflan f...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20401
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster transdihybrid for mwh and flr were exposed to varying concentrations of cisplatin by feeding on dry media wetted with aqueous solutions of the test compound. Larval feeding continued until pupation, and surviving transdihybrid adults were collected seven days following co...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850100210
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:2<84::AID-EM2>3.0.
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational exposure to pesticides in tobacco fields causes genetic damage in farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze tobacco farmers chronically exposed to low doses of pesticides and nicotine (present in the tobacco leaves) in relation to absolute telomere length (aTL), and explore the influence of lifestyle ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21984
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular analysis of proaerolysin selected glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI-a) deficient isolates in the TK6 cell line was performed. Initial studies found that the expected X-linked PIGA mutations were rare among the spontaneous isolates but did increase modestly after ethyl methane sulfate (EMS) treatment (...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21953
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monoterpene indole alkaloid brachycerine from Psychotria brachyceras has been shown to be induced by UV and to have in vitro antioxidant activity, indicating a possible protective role against the secondary effects of this radiation. In this work, we have studied the antioxidant properties of brachycerine and a cr...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20349
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are involved in a number of diverse processes. Most often the mitochondrion is associated with energy generation, but other important processes occur in this organelle such as fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism. Although mitochondria encode less than 40 genes, all o...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20508
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are widely used as flame retardants, are considered persistent organic pollutants. To date, the available toxicological data on PBDEs are limited and were primarily obtained by studying technical blends. The present study was undertaken to investigate the genotoxicity of t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10178
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::F- is not mutagenic in standard bacterial systems, but produces chromosome aberrations and gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells. Although there is disagreement in the literature concerning the ability of F- to induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human and rodent cells, the weight of the evidence leads to t...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850210402
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven mutagenic heterocyclic amines, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (A alpha C), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2860120108
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotoxicity of humic acid and its possible interaction with the herbicides alachlor and maleic hydrazide have been evaluated in cultured human lymphocytes from two donors. Humic acid and the two herbicides have been tested (alone and combined) for sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction. In addition, the effect...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)29:3<272::aid-em7>3.0
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although not mutagenic by Ames test, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), a leading biofuel candidate, was found to induce chromosomal damage in cultured murine cells, suggesting that it may be genotoxic. We sought to prioritize the environmental and biological impacts of using DMF as a combustible biofuel. First, we assessed DMF...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21702
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse cardiopulmonary health effects, including lung cancer. Ambient PM represents a heterogeneous mixture of chemical classes including transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives such as nitro-PAHs, many of w...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22166
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Umu test is one of the in vitro genotoxicity test that has been used widely. It was developed as a high-throughput test system using the 96-well microplate. We have previously constructed new umu test strains for the evaluation of genotoxicity of procarcinogenic metabolic products formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzym...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22092
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risk estimates for radiation-induced cancer in humans are based on epidemiological data largely drawn from the Japanese atomic bomb survivor studies, which received an acute high dose rate (HDR) ionising radiation. Limited knowledge exists about the effects of chronic low dose rate (LDR) exposure, particularly with re...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22121
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), an exposure biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was used to identify potential sources of PAH exposure for 660 Koreans who were not occupationally exposed to PAHs (65% male; 35% female; mean age, 36.5 +/- 11.1 years). In this study, 74% of subjects had detectable lev...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10196
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Big Blue mouse was used to investigate the role of cell proliferation in mutation fixation in the mouse back skin model of carcinogenesis. Phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (TPA) was applied to the dorsum of Big Blue mice to manipulate cell proliferation, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or BaP-diolepoxide (BPDE) was applie...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-2280(2000)35:4<319::aid-em6>3.0.co;2-
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation and many chemicals have been found to induce homologous genetic recombination. Experimental systems that allow the detection and characterization of recombinagens exist in organisms as diverse as bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, and mammals. Recombination plays an important role in many biological processes...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850230614
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorinated drinking water contains several chlorohydroxyfuranone (CHF) by-products whose contribution to cancer risk is not presently known. 3,4-Dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MCA), 3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (CMCF), and 3- chloro-4-methyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MCF) were studied for th...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10025
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the mutagens in fumes produced by heating three different cooking oils used in Taiwan to temperatures of 100 degrees C, 200 degrees C, and 300 degrees C, and constructed models to study the efficacy of fume extractors used commonly by Taiwanese women. Particulates of volatile emissions from lard (at 200 d...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer (PC) is commonly diagnosed cancer in men but only a few risk factors, such as family history, ethnicity, and age have been established. Chromosomal instability is another possible risk factor but this has not been adequately explained previously. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that peripheral ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22240
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of micronucleus (MN) induction and decline in blood normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) of mice subchronically exposed to benzene was investigated during and after exposure. Swiss (ICR) male mice (10/group) were given 0.0, 36.6, 73.2, and 146.4 mg/kg body weight benzene by gavage daily for 14 days, except f...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2860120306
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethylene oxide (EO) is a direct acting alkylating agent; in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that it is both a mutagen and a carcinogen. However, it remains unclear whether the mode of action (MOA) for cancer for EO is a mutagenic MOA, specifically via point mutation. To investigate the MOA for EO-induced mouse lung...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22080
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00