Abstract:
:Tryptophan is metabolized through serotonin, indole, and kynurenine (KN) pathways. Uptake of an excess amount of tryptophan accompanied with vitamin B6 deficiency may result in the accumulation of higher concentrations of metabolites mainly from the KN pathways in the bladder. These metabolites could interact with nitrite to become mutagenic nitrosamines. They could be a promoter in the initiator-promoter model of carcinogenesis. They produced bladder cancer when implanted in the bladder. They also interact with transition metals copper or iron to form reactive radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some metabolites, 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid, were autooxidized to mutagenic cinnabarinic and anthranilyl radical intermediates. These radical intermediates could also be ligands that interact with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) to metabolize contaminated carcinogens. When tryptophan is exposed to either visible or UV light, a photoproduct of 6-formylindolo[3,2b]-carbazole is formed, which has a very high affinity for the AhR that plays a role in carcinogenesis. This review gives an insight into various mechanisms through which tryptophan metabolites cause carcinogenesis. It could be concluded that tryptophan metabolites play a complementary role in promoting carcinogenesis along with carcinogens like aflatoxin, CCl(4) , 2-acetylaminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, or N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide. The underlying mechanisms could be their autoxidation, exposure to either visible or UV light, interaction with nitrite or transition metals to form reactive intermediates, serving as ligands to interact with an AhR that is known to play a role in carcinogenesis through induction of XMEs. Further research is warranted.Environ.
journal_name
Environ Mol Mutagenjournal_title
Environmental and molecular mutagenesisauthors
Chung KT,Gadupudi GSdoi
10.1002/em.20588subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-01 00:00:00pages
81-104issue
2eissn
0893-6692issn
1098-2280journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a critical event in the development of human cancers. LOH is thought to result from either a large deletion or recombination between homologous alleles during repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). These types of genetic alterations produce mutations in the TK gene mutation assay, w...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.20113
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cost-effective, high-throughput epigenomic technologies have begun to emerge, rapidly replacing the candidate gene approach to molecular epidemiology and offering a comprehensive strategy for the study of epigenetics in human subjects. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) provide new opportunities for advancing o...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.21762
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structural, and numeric chromosome aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), phytohemagglutinin stimulation (LI), proliferative rate index (PRI), and UV light-induced unscheduled DNA-synthesis (UDS) were investigated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 48 historical controls ("Controls"); of 14 hospital ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:2<84::AID-EM2>3.0.
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a contribution to the second round of rodent carcinogenesis prediction organised by the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), speculative predictions for 30 chemicals currently under evaluation in U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) rodent bioassays are presented. Core chemical data r...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:3<237::AID-EM9>3.0
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monoterpene indole alkaloid brachycerine from Psychotria brachyceras has been shown to be induced by UV and to have in vitro antioxidant activity, indicating a possible protective role against the secondary effects of this radiation. In this work, we have studied the antioxidant properties of brachycerine and a cr...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20349
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of indoor air pollution. Extractable-respirable particulate (ERP) from the ETS-contaminated indoor air (ERP-ETS) was collected from six passenger train cars and one control room. The mutagenicity of ERP-ETS was tested in the Ames/Salmonella test in the presence of ma...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1999)33:3<185::aid-em2>3.0
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven mutagenic heterocyclic amines, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (A alpha C), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2860120108
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline is a specific and potent carcinogen to the rat and mouse liver. Studies are described here in which it was evaluated for its ability to initiate unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the rat liver in vivo. Although some individual animals showed indications of a marginal response the absence of clear group posi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850140403
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational exposure to wood dust is associated with the occurrence of nasal cancer. In this study, we investigated micronuclei and nuclear changes (NCs: binucleates, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and the "broken egg" effect) in exfoliated buccal cells of 20 workers exposed to wood dust and 20 age- and sex-matched contro...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20257
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several genotoxicity endpoints have been evaluated to define nonlinear dose-responses for SN 1 and SN 2 alkylating genotoxicants. Dose-response studies acknowledging the process of multistage tumorigenesis are important; however, data pertaining nonlinearity are not yet available. In this communication, the role of DN...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21834
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial genome is essential for producing ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) via oxidative phosphorylation. The gradual decline of mitochondrial function with age has long been postulated as a factor in aging. More recently, a variety of diseases have been related to molecular defects in human mitochondrial DNA...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850250607
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA is exposed to endogenous and environmental factors that can form stable lesions. If not repaired, these lesions can lead to transcription/replication blocking or mutagenic bypass. Our previous work has focused on 8,5'-cyclopurine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, a unique class of oxidatively induced DNA lesions that are s...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20619
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of inherited mutations as a cause of human disease has been established clearly through examples of well-defined genetic anomalies, such as Down syndrome and retinoblastoma. Furthermore, it is suspected that environmental contaminants induce mutations resulting in increased risk for such defects in subs...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/em.2850110311
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although not mutagenic by Ames test, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), a leading biofuel candidate, was found to induce chromosomal damage in cultured murine cells, suggesting that it may be genotoxic. We sought to prioritize the environmental and biological impacts of using DMF as a combustible biofuel. First, we assessed DMF...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21702
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clustered damage induced by ionizing radiation--two or more oxidized bases, abasic sites, or strand breaks within a few DNA helical turns--have been postulated to be major lethal and/or mutagenic sites. Although they have recently been shown to be induced in genomic DNAs by ionizing photons and particles, little is kn...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.1067
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and simple procedure for the micronucleus test (MNT) in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was established in our laboratory. The assay is intended to quickly screen chromosomal aberrations in vitro within the framework of industrial genotoxicity studies. To test the sensitivity of the assay in the ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850260309
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we determined that elimination of deoxycytidylate (dCMP) deaminase (DCD1) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases the intracellular dCTP:dTTP ratio and reduces the induction of G x C --> A x T transitions in the SUP4-o gene by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (M...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This laboratory has previously described a method for scoring the incidence of rodent blood Pig-a mutant phenotype erythrocytes using immunomagnetic separation in conjunction with flow cytometric analysis (In Vivo MutaFlow®). The current work extends this approach to human blood. The frequencies of CD59- and CD55-nega...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21924
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wild-type strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1:KOS) encoding a functional thymidine kinase (tk+) and a tk- mutant strain (HSV-1:PTK3B) were used to study the role of the viral tk in the repair of UV-irradiated HSV-1 in human cells. UV survival of HSV-1:PTK3B was substantially reduced compared with that of HS...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850150104
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review our studies on the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in breast cancer. Additionally we report on analyses of the reliability of the scoring procedures used with immunohistochemical assay for PAH-DNA adducts and of potential bias arising from the use of benign breast disease (BBD) cont...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10048
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of ultrasound on the cytoskeleton, comprising microtubules, had been studied decades ago. Nonetheless, very little attention has been paid to the effects of ultrasound on the mitotic spindle, which is also formed by microtubules. In this study, we treated human fibroblasts and human cancer cells (HeLa and ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22287
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-Hydroxymethylacrylamide (NHMA), a mouse carcinogen inactive in the Salmonella assay and mouse micronucleus (MN) assay, was tested for reproductive effects in a mouse continuous breeding study. In that study, increased embryonic deaths were observed after 13 weeks exposure of parental animals to NHMA via drinking wat...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.10139
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vanillin (VA) modulates the genotoxicity of chemical and physical agents in a complex manner. Previous studies indicate that VA inhibits the mutagenicity but increases the mitotic homologous recombination caused by at least some genotoxic agents. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of VA on the repair ...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20275
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular analysis of proaerolysin selected glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI-a) deficient isolates in the TK6 cell line was performed. Initial studies found that the expected X-linked PIGA mutations were rare among the spontaneous isolates but did increase modestly after ethyl methane sulfate (EMS) treatment (...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.21953
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A working group of five statisticians experienced in the use of statistical methods in mutagenicity reviewed aspects of the statistical analysis of genotoxicity test procedures. Issues discussed included methods for integrating biological importance and statistical significance, the relationship of the experimental un...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type:
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most women with breast cancer can become pregnant and give birth while undergoing radiation therapy and breastfeeding is generally not contraindicated. The induction of long-lived reactive species in proteins, such as casein by X-ray radiation and DNA damage to unexposed organisms, has been shown when ingesting irradi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22426
更新日期:2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of AS52 cells with 5-azacytidine resulted in an induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant [6TG] colonies, which reached a maximum by an expression time of 9 days. Dose responses for both cytotoxicity and mutation induction were determined following treatment with 5-azacytidine. At 20 microM treatment, 5-azacytidi...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:2<100::AID-EM5>3.0
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl radical scavengers thiourea, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide significantly reduced the killing of Escherichia coli elicited by low concentrations of H2O2 (resulting in mode 1 killing) when treatments with the oxidant and the scavengers were performed in a complete growth medium (K medium) but not in M9 sa...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.2850180105
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead is a widely existing environmental pollutant with potential carcinogenicity. To investigate the association of blood lead level (B-Pb) with potential chromosomal damage and cancer, we analyzed micronucleus (MN) frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the methylation status of six human tumor suppress...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.22194
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A collaborative international trial was conducted to evaluate the reproducibility and transferability of an in vivo mutation assay based on the enumeration of CD59-negative rat erythrocytes, a phenotype that is indicative of Pig-a gene mutation. Fourteen laboratories participated in this study, where anti-CD59-PE, SYT...
journal_title:Environmental and molecular mutagenesis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/em.20672
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00