Abstract：
:The ability of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) to improve the appearance of facial lines was first reported among patients who had been receiving injections for facial dystonias or surgical procedures. Since that time, there has been very extensive use of this treatment for relaxation of a wide variety of facial muscles and also for platysmal lines of the neck. Considerable experience over the last decade or longer confirms the safety and efficacy of BTX-A in the treatment of upper facial lines. BTX-A has been used also lower facial indications, but published papers are mainly uncontrolled observations on patients. Unlike the placebo-controlled studies on the upper face, there is a lack of controlled studies for lower face and neck BTX-A treatment. This article will summarize the use of BTX-A for the lower face and its role as combination treatment. Examples of combinations that may be used with BTX-A resurfacing, nonablative skin rejuvenation and skin fillers. Although little used at present, Botulinum Toxin B will be briefly discussed.
journal_name
Clin Dermatoljournal_title
Clinics in dermatologyauthors
Lowe NJ,Yamauchi Pdoi
10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.12.025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
18-22issue
1eissn
0738-081Xissn
1879-1131pii
S0738081X03001494journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Many authors recognize the beneficial effects of using protein-rich substances in formulations of various topical applications. Proteins quickly were considered useful ingredients for creating a suitable environment for healthy skin and hair because of their ability to bind water with the horny layer of skin and its a...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.04.004
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although dermatology does not lead the list of specialties most commonly sued for malpractice, anyone who has been the recipient of a malpractice claim is often traumatized both personally and professionally. Every day dermatologists must address various ethical concerns that have legal implications. Herein, we chose ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.06.004
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the ever-aging population of the world, the field of geriatrics continues to grow in importance. As human beings age, the skin undergoes a unique array of changes that predispose it to a specific set of dermatoses, infections, and neoplasms. Some of these physiologic alterations are comparable to the changes that h...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.10.017
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by substantial psychiatric comorbidity. Historically, anecdotal observations have suggested that psychosocial distress can trigger flares of psoriasis, but over the past several decades, high-quality data from experimental studies support the assertion that st...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.08.009
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Robert Koch (1843-1910) received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1905 for his studies of tuberculosis. He contributed significantly to microbiology, isolating also cholera and anthrax pathogens, and introducing several postulates in this field. In addition, he developed staining methods, as well as culturing and micros...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.10.005
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The legal landscape in dermatology is constantly evolving. Dermatologists should nurture strong physician-patient relationships with proper informed consent and stay abreast of legal issues as they pertain to today's practice of medicine. Medicolegal issues that have risen to the forefront include wrong-site surgery, ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.07.001
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic sclerosis is an uncommon autoimmune connective tissue disease with multiorgan system involvement and significant associated morbidity and mortality. Cutaneous signs and clinical manifestations are of particular importance, as they may be recognized before systemic manifestations, allowing earlier risk stratif...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.04.004
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are uncommon but extremely serious and often life-threatening mucocutaneous reactions characterized by extensive epithelial sloughing and systemic symptoms. There is no effective evidence-based treatment for severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) t...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.06.020
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of both solid and hematologic malignancies. As immunomodulatory therapies are employed with increasing frequency, a greater number of immune-related adverse reactions are being reported, and the majority of these involve the skin. As a resul...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.06.011
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused by zygomycetes that affects the skin. It occurs in uncontrolled diabetic patients and immunosuppressed individuals. It has 2 clinical forms: primary cutaneous zygomycosis and secondary cutaneous zygomycosis. The first is characterized by necrotic lesions and the fungu...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.013
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of many drugs in dermatologic diseases may cause ocular side effects. Some may regress after discontinuation of the therapy, but others persist or progress even after the cessation of treatment. This review presents four groups of commonly prescribed drugs-antimalarial medicines, glucocorticoids, retinoids, an...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.11.012
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decorative tattoo is a popular practice that is generally safe when performed in the professional setting but can be associated with a variety of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic complications, risks that may be increased with current trends in home tattooing. Modern tattoo inks contain azo dyes and are often ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.07.003
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dr. Ida Lystic completed her MD degree at the prestigious Harvey Medical School (which has since been renamed the Harvey Provider School) and her residency in internal medicine and gastroenterology fellowship at the OTHER (Owen T. Henry and Eugene Rutherford) Medical Center. She was subsequently hired as an assistant ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.03.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A red swollen face can be a skin sign of a potentially life-threatening condition. We present in detail the main clinical presentations, diagnostic tests, and management of some of the most severe conditions that can frequently present as a red and swollen face: acute or recurrent angioedema, mast cell-driven or brady...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.017
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:White diseases are a heterogenous group characterized by hypopigmentation or depigmentation. Skin and eye color are determined by the number and size of melanosomes present. Melanin is produced by melanosomes in the melanocytes present within the epidermis of the skin, uvea, and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Con...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.07.018
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 127 loci are actually known to affect pigmentation in mouse when they are mutated. From embryogenesis to transfer of melanin to the keratinocytes or melanocytes survival, any defect is able to alter the pigmentation process. Many gene mutations are now described, but the function of their product protein and...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.09.013
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Superficial candidosis is a common fungal infection that could become a gateway to systemic spread. Candida albicans is the most important Candida spp; recently, so-called emergent species, such as C dubliniensis, C famata, and C lipolytica have been isolated. This chapter describes the clinical manifestations and lab...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.014
更新日期：2010-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The elderly population is growing, lifespans are increasing, and a greater emphasis on geriatric care is being implemented in hospital systems. With a higher percentage of the population living longer, hair and nail diseases associated with the advanced stages of life are becoming more prevalent. Common hair diseases ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.10.007
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human epidermis consists of a stratified epithelium mainly composed of keratinocytes and relies on a stem cell compartment to undergo constant regeneration. Genetic mutations affecting the capacity of basal keratinocytes to adhere firmly to the epidermal basement membrane lead to severe, and very often lethal, blister...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.017
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cosmeceuticals are used for nourishing and improving the appearance of the skin and are also documented as effective agents for treating various dermatologic conditions. Cosmeceutical preparations from herbal origin are most popular among consumers because these agents are mostly nontoxic and possess strong antioxidan...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.05.012
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Actinic keratoses (AKs) represent the earliest stage in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and represent important biomarkers for individuals at risk for development of invasive SCC. Based on clinical morphology, AK can be subdivided into three different grades, which correspond to specific dermatoscopic...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.028
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The large majority of cases reported worldwide as zygomycosis are infections caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. These infections are invasive, often lethal, and they primarily affect immunocompromised patients. Cutaneous zygomycosis is the third most common clinical presentation, after sinusitis and pul...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2012.01.010
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heinrich Koebner (1838-1904) presented in a meeting in 1872 and reported in 1877 the emergence of psoriatic lesions following trauma to healthy skin areas of patients with psoriasis. Since then, the Koebner phenomenon has been the subject of research, as it offers a unique opportunity in the investigation of the disea...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.012
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignancy in patients with sarcoidosis occurs in 3 settings. The first setting relates to patients with hematologic malignancies. It includes the sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome, which refers to the development of lymphoma at least 1 to 2 years after the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. It also includes patients with sarcoido...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.03.010
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is defined by the prominence of somatic symptoms associated with abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the symptoms, resulting in significant distress and impairment. Individuals with these disorders are more commonly encountered in primary care and other medical settings...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.01.010
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin health depends on an intact barrier composed of protein-rich corneocytes surrounded by the lamellar intercellular lipids. This barrier provides waterproof protection for the body, preventing infection, regulating electrolyte balance, maintaining body temperature, and providing a mechanism for sensation. Damage to...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.08.018
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the development of laboratory methods, dermatological symptoms are a basic index of the presence and physical course of HIV infection. HIV infection usually undergoes a long latent period, proceeds to a period of immunodeficiency-related symptoms, and ends in an advanced immunodeficiency state characterized by...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.007
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral manifestations of nutritional deficiencies can affect the mucous membranes, teeth, periodontal tissue, salivary glands, and perioral skin. This contribution reviews how the water-soluble vitamins (B(2), B(3), B(6), B(12), C, and folic acid), fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E), and minerals (calcium, fluoride, iro...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.025
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of bipolar disorder (valproic acid, divalproex, lamotrigine, carbamazepine) and some cutaneous neuropathic pain syndromes (carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin). The AEDs may be effective in the management of (1) ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.08.005
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monitoring patients on therapy consists of 2 parts: evaluation of response and mitigation of risk. Biologics for the treatment of psoriasis are no different. Although laboratory assessments are sometimes necessary, the key elements to appropriate monitoring are clinical assessments and vigilant reinforcement of signs ...
journal_title：Clinics in dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.11.001
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
