Abstract：
:New knowledge has accumulated in recent years making it prudent to ask questions regarding current oxygenation policies and guidelines. Because new-born resuscitation affects so many individuals, and because resuscitation procedures may have dramatic consequences on infant and child health, intensified discussion and research in this field are not only necessary but are a requirement. In particular, there is a lack of data on infants born before term. It is difficult to give absolute recommendations on which oxygen concentration should be applied for newborn resuscitation; however, it seems that ambient air is safe. It is easy to handle, is always at hand, and is inexpensive. Conversely, regarding 100% O2, I believe we have sufficient data to conclude that this should not be given routinely at birth to depressed infants; however, whether it is beneficial or harmful to start out resuscitation with 30%, 40%, or 60% O2 is not known. No data exist to answer this question. A call for more research in this area is timely. The effect of pure oxygen on cell growth and cell death, gene activation, and possibly DNA damage should be carefully investigated. Even before such data are collected, it is known that pure oxygen at birth triggers long-term and poorly understood effects. Oxygen obviously is more toxic than previously thought, and oxygen given to small infants has a 50-year history of uncertain benefits. Table 1 summarizes the pros and cons of using 21%versus 100% 02 for newborn resuscitation. Brain circulation as assessed by microspheres is restored as quickly with 21% O2 as it is with 100% O2; however, microcirculation is somewhat slower. Metabolism, pulmonary flow, and myocardial performance are normalized just as quickly by 21% and 100% O2. Brain injury as assessed by glycerol augmentation, matrix injury, and neonatal mortality is less in infants given 21% versus 100% O2.
journal_name
Clin Perinatoljournal_title
Clinics in perinatologyauthors
Saugstad ODdoi
10.1016/j.clp.2004.04.021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-09-01 00:00:00pages
431-43issue
3eissn
0095-5108issn
1557-9840pii
S0095510804000430journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Insulin resistance appears to be a causative mechanism for the development of essential hypertension. Insulin resistance syndrome consists of a cluster of abnormalities that aggravate preexisting tendencies to develop hypertension, resulting in a cascade of physiologic alterations and ultimately leading to increased r...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta-sympathomimetic agents are used extensively in obstetrics to inhibit premature labor. Knowledge of the pharmacology, mode of action on smooth muscle, and cardiovascular and metabolic side effects of these agents is essential for the obstetrician and perinatologist. This review article draws extensively on recent ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an established first-line or adjunctive therapy for a variety of neonatal and adult diseases. New evidence in preclinical models as well as a few human studies show the potential utility of SCT in neuroprotection and in the modulation of inflammatory injury in at risk-neonates. This ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2015.04.008
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glomerular disorders in infancy can include nephrotic and nephritic syndromes. Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is most commonly caused by single gene mutations in kidney proteins, but may also be due to congenital infections or passive transfer of maternal antibodies that target kidney proteins. Prenatal findings ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2014.05.009
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutropenia is a relatively common problem in the NICU, recognized in as many as 8% of patients at some time during their hospital stay. In most instances, neutropenia among NICU patients is of short duration and has little influence on outcome. In other cases it is prolonged and severe, and constitutes a serious anti...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70040-3
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the early history of the "boarder baby" phenomenon through the late 1980s and early 1990s. The characteristics of the recent "boarder baby" population and of the problem are described with particular emphasis on the role of alcohol and drug abuse and the historical lack of coordination between h...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the significance of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the associated patterns of cerebral injury in the context of the most probable timing of the insult and prognosis. The evolution of the clinical features of significant hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and the diagnostic value of imaging and ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Billions of dollars are spent yearly in perinatal medicine on studies designed to improve outcomes for mothers and their neonates. However, implementing research findings is challenging and imperfect. Strategies for implementation must be multifaceted and comprehensive. These implementation challenges extend to, and a...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2018.01.003
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Familial hypothyroidism results from both thyroidal and extrathyroidal dysfunction. Specific intrathyroidal abnormalities in thyroid hormone synthesis causing goitrous hypothyroidism are iodide trap defect, organification defect, "coupling" defect, iodoprotein defect, and dehalogenase defect. The diagnostic studies fo...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of ethical considerations arise with regard to screening for, detecting, and managing fetal anomalies. Some of these considerations involve the need to give attention to emotional distress the pregnant woman might be experiencing. The ethical principle of beneficence gives rise to a duty of the obstetrician t...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0095-5108(02)00083-0
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Correct fluid and electrolyte concentrations are essential to reduce mortality in critically ill infants. The authors list considerations in calculating the necessary maintenance volumes and emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of data and a review and retabulation every eight hours, because requirements ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxygen therapy is an essential part of neonatal care. Targeting oxygen saturations and preventing hypoxemia and hyperoxemia is difficult, particularly in preterm infants. The mode of oxygen delivery directly affects the stability of oxygen saturations, hypoxemia, and hyperoxemia. This stability has important clinical ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2019.05.012
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn infant has many potential causes, and multiple etiologies are common. In this article, the author outlines the basic principles in pathophysiology, classification, and etiology that should be well understood by those who care for neonates with disease processes in which pulmonary ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expertise in neonatal resuscitation is essential for all hospital personnel involved in the care of newborn infants. The guidelines to resuscitation reviewed here have been established by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association and have resulted in significantly improved training and expe...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although therapies in addition to whole-body cooling are being developed to treat the neonate at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, we have no quickly measured serum inflammatory or neuronal biomarkers to acutely and accurately identify brain injury or to follow the efficacy of therapy. This review covers infla...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary hypertension in the perinatal period can present acutely (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn) or chronically. Clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of acute pulmonary hypertension is well accepted but there are no broadly validated criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary hypert...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2015.11.013
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We emphasize again that the prevalence of maternal infections may vary in different populations, and others might arrive at different estimates about the percentage of infants colonized and, concerning those infants colonized, about the percentage with adverse outcomes. Additionally, many women are colonized or infect...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The educational programs that have been developed in newborn special care facilities have two purposes: first, they teach personnel the manual skills that are necessary to manage the sick newborn infant; second, they provide personnel with a better understanding of neonatal pathophysiology so that they can begin to re...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a distinct lack of age-appropriate cardiotonic drugs, and adult derived formulations continue to be administered, without evidence-based knowledge on their dosing, safety, efficacy, and long-term effects. Dopamine remains the most commonly studied and prescribed cardiotonic drug in the neonatal intensive care...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2019.02.010
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There were approximately 2 million deaths worldwide from tuberculosis in 1997, 98% of them in developing countries. Factors implicated in the resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States in the late 80s and early 90s included increased immigration from countries with high prevalence, HIV infection, emergence of res...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2005.04.010
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epitome of FAS and ARBD has been documented substantially in the medical literature. There appears to be little question that alcohol is a teratogen. The precise nature for the mechanism of causing congenital defects, whether it be direct or indirect, is still unknown. There is no unequivocal information that can ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The lifespan risk of seizures is highest in the neonatal period. Current therapies have limited efficacy. Although the treatment of neonatal seizures has not changed significantly in the last several decades, there has been substantial progress in understanding developmental mechanisms that influence seizure generatio...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2009.08.001
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes new information on the natural history of maternal varicella and maternal parvovirus B19. Controversies in the therapy of respiratory syncytial virus are presented. Prophylactic and therapeutic immunotherapy of neonatal enteroviral disease are reviewed. ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Birth injuries of the brachial plexus are fairly common, but the majority of affected newborns make quick recoveries without any specific intervention. A minority suffer more severe injuries that lead to varying degrees of life-long disability. Happily, modern microsurgical techniques permit reconstruction of certain ...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2004.11.006
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The American Academy of Pediatrics supports the feeding of human milk for all infants. Very-low-birth-weight and extremely low-birth-weight infants especially can benefit from the immune and neurodevelopmental effects of human milk. However, human milk alone is nutritionally inadequate for the rapid growth of the very...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2014.02.010
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The percentage of United States cesarean births increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 31.1% in 2006. Cesarean rates increased for women of all ages, race/ethnic groups, and gestational ages and in all states. Both primary and repeat cesareans have increased. Increases in primary cesareans in cases of "no indicated risk" hav...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2008.03.007
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) are the most common birth defect, occurring in 1% to 5% of all live births. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors all influence the development of CVMs, and an improved understanding of the causation of CVMs is a prerequisite for prevention. Cardiac development is a complex...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2015.11.002
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The signs and symptoms associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and the common scenarios in which NEC is observed are described to help physicians appreciate the breadth of this illness and to aid in the identification and diagnosis of those affected. An outline for medical management of infants with NEC is pre...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obstetric ultrasound (US) is an integral part of fetal surgery for open and minimally invasive techniques. With advances in US imaging, the ability to refine diagnosis, predict prognosis, and contribute to fetal treatment continues to grow. Current research in fetal diagnosis and treatment includes identifying the mos...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clp.2009.03.009
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital diaphragmatic hernia results in abnormal lung development. There is a global hypoplasia with both lungs affected, the ipsilateral lung more severely. This results in a reduction in the number of bronchial divisions and a decrease in the quantity and maturity of the alveoli. The pneumocytes are dysfunctional...
journal_title：Clinics in perinatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
