Abstract:
:Cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) are the most common birth defect, occurring in 1% to 5% of all live births. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors all influence the development of CVMs, and an improved understanding of the causation of CVMs is a prerequisite for prevention. Cardiac development is a complex, multistep process of morphogenesis that is under genetic regulation. Although the genetic contribution to CVMs is well recognized, the genetic causes of human CVMs are still identified infrequently. This article discusses the key genetic concepts characterizing human CVMs, their developmental basis, and the critical developmental and genetic concepts underlying their pathogenesis.
journal_name
Clin Perinatoljournal_title
Clinics in perinatologyauthors
Azhar M,Ware SMdoi
10.1016/j.clp.2015.11.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
39-53issue
1eissn
0095-5108issn
1557-9840pii
S0095-5108(15)00123-2journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Historically, researchers studying the field of sleep have been divided into two main groups. The first group of sleep studies was based on behaviors and behavioral sleep. The second group of researchers based their studies on electroencephalogram EEG patterns and changes. With technologic advancements, a third group ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2006.06.009
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with chronic renal disease, all advice and decisions must take into account the balance between pregnancy outcome and the long-term impact that pregnancy might have on the disease. To help the clinician address these concerns, the authors focus on the renal changes in normal pregnancy, the problems of chro...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is considered physiologic and is a normal process; whereas, when aerodigestive consequences are associated, it is often interpreted as GER disease (GERD). However, the distinction between them remains a challenge in infants in the NICU. Reflux-type of symptoms are heterogeneous, and often...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2020.02.004
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Each year, approximately 2.7 million babies die during the neonatal period; more than 90% of these deaths occur in developing countries, largely from preventable causes. The known, evidence-based, simple, low-cost interventions that may improve neonatal survival often have low or unknown baseline coverage rates. Gaps ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2017.05.002
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstetric care providers and researchers have long relied on analysis of the fetal heart rate tracing for insight into the fetal neurologic status. Although a normal fetal heart rate tracing does provide reassurance of intact neurologic function, an abnormal pattern is a very poor predictor of newborn brain injury. In...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2009.06.006
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) systems can be broadly grouped into continuous flow or variable flow devices. Bubble CPAP (bCPAP) is a continuous flow device and has physiologic properties that could facilitate gas exchange. Its efficacy has been reported to be similar to variable flow CPAP systems when use...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2016.07.003
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of PPHN entered a new era with the development of inhaled NO therapy for the relief of pulmonary hypertension. The wider application of INO therapy and improved ventilation strategies led to a decrease in the need for invasive life-sustaining therapies such as ECMO. The remarkable advances in the unders...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2004.04.001
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several limitations and controversies surround the definition of hypotension; however, it remains one of the most common problems faced by neonates. Approximately 15% to 30% of neonates with hypotension fail to respond to volume and/or vasopressor or inotropes. They are considered to have refractory hypotension. Altho...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2020.05.015
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signs and symptoms associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and the common scenarios in which NEC is observed are described to help physicians appreciate the breadth of this illness and to aid in the identification and diagnosis of those affected. An outline for medical management of infants with NEC is pre...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expertise in neonatal resuscitation is essential for all hospital personnel involved in the care of newborn infants. The guidelines to resuscitation reviewed here have been established by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association and have resulted in significantly improved training and expe...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phototherapy is now the preferred method of treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by virtue of its noninvasive nature and its relative freedom from major complications. It is also convenient, easy to use, and inexpensive in terms of personnel, equipment, and disposals. Long-term experience with phototherapy has de...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lifespan risk of seizures is highest in the neonatal period. Current therapies have limited efficacy. Although the treatment of neonatal seizures has not changed significantly in the last several decades, there has been substantial progress in understanding developmental mechanisms that influence seizure generatio...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2009.08.001
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, the in utero diagnosis of nonimmune hydrops is associated with a grave prognosis. Antenatal evaluation will determine the cause in many cases, allowing appropriate decisions to be made regarding the management of the pregnancy. To date, no specific in utero therapy exists for most causes of nonimmune hydro...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococci are common pathogens in the neonatal period. Increased survival of premature infants leads to prolonged hospital stay with associated risk factors for developing invasive staphylococcal disease. Challenges of diagnosing coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections result in conflicting definitions and in...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2014.10.013
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are various causes for frequent desaturations in infants. Frequent hypoxemia is a significant change in clinical status and must be investigated carefully for possible etiology. When common extra-airway causes for desaturation are ruled out, one should attempt to distinguish between central apnea and obstructive...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2006.12.013
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal and neonatal infections can occur at different times during pregnancy, from conception to birth. Infections that take place near the time of conception often destroy the zygote or embryo and only rarely leave definitive evidence. The mother can transmit the infection to her fetus through several routes, but the ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasonography has increasingly become essential in the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. Its antenatal use is well described in the literature and is a continuing subject of study. However, the use of ultrasonography in the labor and delivery suite has not been the subject of many articles. The purpose of this ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurodevelopmental benefits of breast milk feedings for preterm infants have been controversial. However, the effect on preterm infant neurodevelopment is sustained into childhood. The effects of breast milk feeding during the neonatal period and the duration of breastfeeding display effects on cognition into adol...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the significance of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the associated patterns of cerebral injury in the context of the most probable timing of the insult and prognosis. The evolution of the clinical features of significant hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and the diagnostic value of imaging and ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the early history of the "boarder baby" phenomenon through the late 1980s and early 1990s. The characteristics of the recent "boarder baby" population and of the problem are described with particular emphasis on the role of alcohol and drug abuse and the historical lack of coordination between h...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are easily recorded in the neonatal intensive care setting using light-emitting diode goggles as the flash stimulus. They are sensitive measures of CNS integrity and are altered or abolished by hypoxia. Prognosis in newborns with birth asphyxia or hypoxia is difficult to predict; howeve...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in fetal echocardiography are providing highly accurate diagnoses of congenital heart disease prior to delivery, making it possible to plan the delivery-room management of these newborns. Knowledge of the expected transitional circulation occurring with birth and the pathophysiologic implications of congenita...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2005.09.014
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing numbers of children born to HIV-infected women poses formidable problems for maternal and child health programs throughout the world. Between 20% and 40% of these children will be infected with HIV and most are expected to die by the age of 5 years as a result. The vast majority of the uninfected childr...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Healthy People 2000 objectives for breastfeeding were to move the breastfeeding initiation rate to 75% from 54% and the breastfeeding continuation rate to 50% at age 6 months from the 1988 baseline of 21%. The 1996 data indicated that the goal will not be met either for initiation or duration in spite of governmen...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV can be reduced through cesarean delivery prior to the onset of labor and prior to rupture of the membranes (elective cesarean delivery [ECD]). As a result of this evidence, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Department of Health and Hu...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.013
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome owing to prenatal opioid exposure has grown rapidly in recent decades and it disproportionately affects rural, non-white, and public insurance-dependent populations. Treatment consists of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions with wide variability in approaches ...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2019.08.012
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mothers' Milk Bank (MMB) of San Jose, CA, has provided banked human milk to clinicians and researchers since its founding in 1974. This article briefly acknowledges the many and varied reasons for the use of human milk. Its primary focus however, is to review the protocol followed by the MMB for collection, bankin...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most allegations in obstetric lawsuits against obstetrician-gynecologists relate in some manner to the management of labor and delivery; few solely involve perceived flaws in prenatal or postpartum care. Although many of these cases accuse the defendant of not having properly monitored the fetus during labor for signs...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2007.03.011
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstetric ultrasound (US) is an integral part of fetal surgery for open and minimally invasive techniques. With advances in US imaging, the ability to refine diagnosis, predict prognosis, and contribute to fetal treatment continues to grow. Current research in fetal diagnosis and treatment includes identifying the mos...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.clp.2009.03.009
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors believe that the literature provides sufficient evidence that antenatal corticosteroid administration is beneficial and safe even in conditions of ruptured membranes. The evidence by now is remarkably robust and one can be reasonably confident regarding the benefits of antenatal corticosteroids in the sett...
journal_title:Clinics in perinatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00078-2
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00