Abstract:
:Because noninstitutionalized senior citizens comprise over 95% of the population 65 years of age and older, their health needs are a major concern. Data regarding infections in this population including the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality are lacking. The authors recruited a study population of 417 free-living persons, all 65 years of age or older, from two neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. After the collection of self-reported baseline information from these persons, they were monitored for all clinical infections for 2 years, beginning July 1986 and through June 1988, using clinic visits, hospitalizations, or phone calls when needed. The baseline information showed the study population of 417 persons to be comparable with a neighborhood comparison group and with established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly in three other states. The 24 months of infection surveillance yielded 494 diagnosed infections in 224 or 54% of the subjects. Respiratory infections were most frequent with 259 or 52% of the total, followed by genitourinary infections with 24%, skin infections with 18%, gastrointestinal infections with 4%, and other types of infection with 2%. By comparing 22 self-reported baseline conditions with the occurrence of infection, 10 historic factors were univariately significant for infection. Of these 10 factors, only history of a lung problem (relative risk = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.9) and history of difficulty controlling urination (relative risk = 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-4.9) were statistically significant in multivariate analysis. To our knowledge, this study represents the first prospective data on infections in the noninstitutionalized elderly. The data demonstrate the wide variety of infections that occurred in this population and suggest that persons with a history of any one of several medical problems were possibly at greater risk for infection.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Ruben FL,Dearwater SR,Norden CW,Kuller LH,Gartner K,Shalley A,Warshafsky G,Kelsey SF,O'Donnell C,Means Edoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117402subject
Has Abstract,Author List Incompletepub_date
1995-01-15 00:00:00pages
145-57issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
141pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In response to community concerns, we used the Tribal Participatory Research framework in collaboration with 5 American-Indian communities in Washington, Idaho, and Montana to identify the appropriate criteria for aggregating health data on small tribes. Across tribal sites, 10 key informant interviews and 10 focus gr...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv334
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two families of gorillas, comprising 13 animals, were studied in 1980-1982 for hepatitis virus infections. It was found that 27% of them had evidence of hepatitis B infection, and 23% evidence of hepatitis A infection. The four parents had been born in the wild and all of them had been infected with hepatitis B. The t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113760
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of summertime haze episodes on daily variations in symptoms and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) was examined in a study of 108 children living in State College, Pennsylvania, during the summer of 1991. Twice daily, each child recorded symptoms, PEFRs and hours spent outdoors. Environmental measurements i...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008818
更新日期:1996-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In 1970-1979, the incidence of human leptospirosis in Israel was 0.7 per 100,000 population. The majority of the cases (62%) occurred in northeastern Israel (Upper Galilee). Prior to 1973 the main infecting serotypes were grippotyphosa (41%) and Hebdomadis szwajizak (31%). Following the first outbreak of Hebdomadis ha...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113312
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systolic and diastolic blood pressures provide information about cardiovascular disease (CVD) but are only extremes of the pressure waveform during the cardiac cycle. We developed summaries of the pressure decay, called PTC1 and PTC2, that are related to arterial compliance and to an existing proprietary summary that ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwz280
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the population ages, the burden of disease from cognitive decline and dementing illness is rising. In the absence of treatments to reverse cognitive decline, prevention is a public health priority. Physical fitness and physical activity have emerged as prevention targets based on evidence of "neuroprotective" benef...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww029
更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::To study the role of nutrition in the association of birth size and childhood growth with development of cardiovascular disease, the authors in 2002-2004 surveyed 665 men and 790 women aged 25-42 years who had been exposed as children to a community-randomized nutrition supplementation intervention in four villages in...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj328
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Iron, potassium, zinc, and other minerals might impact the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) through multiple mechanisms, but few studies have evaluated these relations. We conducted a case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2001). Participants were free from PMS at base...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws363
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Observational longitudinal research is particularly useful for assessing etiology and prognosis and for providing evidence for clinical decision making. However, there are no structured reporting requirements for studies of this design to assist authors, editors, and readers. The authors developed and tested a checkli...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwi042
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimentally, high-carbohydrate diets have been shown to elevate triglycerides, but it has not been established whether this rise is permanent or transient. The authors approached this question by studying 719 boys from worldwide populations with marked differences in long-term carbohydrate intake. Fasting serum tri...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115497
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite growing interest and concern about men's mental health during the perinatal period, we still do not know whether men are more vulnerable to mental health problems during this time. The current study is one of the first to use longitudinal, population-based data to investigate whether becoming an expectant and/...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu177
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::To quantify nonresponse bias and estimate its potential impact, the authors compared census-based socioeconomic and demographic factors and geographic locations among respondents and nonrespondents in a multicenter case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1998-2000). Using a geographic information system, the autho...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm292
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An exact probability test and its asymptotic version are described for testing the hypothesis that clustering of disease observed among population units is likely to have been due to chance alone. The test is based on a scheme for ranking possible arrangements of ill and well persons by degree of clustering, as measur...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113684
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecologic study design is routinely used by epidemiologists in spite of its limitations. It is presently unknown how well the challenges of the design are dealt with in epidemiologic research. The purpose of this bibliometric review was to critically evaluate the characteristics, statistical methods, and reporting ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwr241
更新日期:2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The literature concerning social capital and health has grown exponentially during the past somewhat more than 10 years. The study by Kouvonen et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:1143-1151) is a longitudinal multilevel analysis of 33,577 public sector employees in Finland. The study shows a significant association between...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn070
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence on whether being a family caregiver is associated with increased or decreased risk for all-cause mortality. This study examined whether 3,503 family caregivers enrolled in the national Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study showed dif...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt225
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Prospective epidemiologic data on the association between vitamin D and mortality are limited, particularly in Asian populations. Among subjects in Linxian, China, the authors aimed to test whether baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in a prospective cohort were associated with all-cause mortal...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/aje/kws285
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long term recalls of dietary intake are frequently used in case-control studies, but their validity and reliability have not been established. In this study, 91 middle-aged adults (median age, 50 years) who were participants in the Longitudinal Study of Child Health and Development at the Harvard School of Public Heal...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115404
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standardization procedures are commonly used to combine phenotype data that were measured using different instruments, but there is little information on how the choice of standardization method influences pooled estimates and heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is of key importance in meta-analyses of observational studies ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww098
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of occupational 60 Hz magnetic field and ambient light exposures on the pineal hormone, melatonin, were studied in 142 male electric utility workers in Colorado, 1995-1996. Melatonin was assessed by radioimmunoassay of its metabolite, 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6-OHMS), in post-work shift urine samples. P...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009914
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies of veterans have examined cardiovascular disease as the primary outcome, other than in relation to specific conflicts or hazards. To assess the long-term risk and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in United Kingdom veterans from a broad range of military backgrounds and experience, we conducte...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu082
更新日期:2014-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The Barnes Hospital Employee Health Service (St. Louis, Missouri) rubella screening program was evaluated over the 5-year period between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1990. A total of 6,969 new employees were hired, and 6,115 (87.7%) were screened for evidence of rubella immunity by the Employee Health Service. Ru...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116913
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A matched case-control study was conducted of 53 leukemia deaths and of 212 controls within a previously studied cohort of 24,545 on-shore workers employed between January 1, 1952 and August 15, 1977 at the Portsmouth (New Hampshire) Naval Shipyard. The study sought to ascertain a priori whether there was an associati...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114350
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers were monitored for five years with samples from 79 keratoconjunctivitis patients with type 8 adenovirus (AV-8) infection. Geometric mean antibody titers declined from 1:161 at the peak of the epidemic to 1:56 after five years. Computerized analysis of the decline ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112797
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between a single interpregnancy interval (IPI) and birth outcomes has not yet been explored using matched methods. We modeled the odds of preterm birth, being small for gestational age, and having low birth weight in a second, live-born infant in a cohort of 192,041 sibling pairs born in Western Austra...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwy188
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this case-control study, the authors analyzed associations of uterine leiomyoma with atherogenic risk factors and potential sources of uterine irritation. The study included 318 case women with uterine leiomyoma that was first confirmed between 1990 and 1993 in the Baltimore, Maryland, area and 394 controls selecte...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/aje/153.1.11
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current hypotheses consonant with the peak in leukemia incidence in early childhood point to an infectious etiology. The authors examined the effect of postnatal exposures predicted to affect early immune functioning, including childhood vaccinations, illness, medication use, and breastfeeding patterns. Children 0-15 ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm339
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in the United States have indicated that maternal first trimester smoking and infant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) locus mutations are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and that a synergistic effect of these two risk factors occurs. Based on a Danish case-control study of CL...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009799
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the validity of self-reported delivery weight among 3,518 respondents to the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Self-reported delivery weight was ascertained from a mail survey administered during the postpartum period. Measured delivery weight was obtained by abstraction of medical r...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010103
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA oxidative stress has been suggested as an important pathogenic mechanism in cognitive impairment and dementia. With baseline data collected from 2004 to 2008, the authors examined whether urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of global DNA oxidation, was associated with cognitive function in a s...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq136
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00