Abstract：
:Receptors for transmitters, as varied as those expressed by neurons, have been described on primary astrocyte cultures prepared from new-born rats and mice. A variety of functional effects and considerable cell-to-cell and regional heterogeneity have been observed for such receptors in vitro. The various systems available for studying the presence and properties of receptors on astrocytes in situ, and the results from these studies, are discussed. Much fewer studies using these more difficult systems have been done. So far, some resemblances and differences between in situ and in vitro work have been observed. More of these in situ studies, to supplement the ongoing in vitro work, are needed to enable us to determine unequivocally which receptors are present on astrocytes, and their functions in vivo. If there is cell-to-cell and CNS regional heterogeneity in vivo comparable to that seen in vitro, these analyses will be very complex. To illustrate the importance and variety of receptor-linked functions, a number of suggestions are made in this commentary, based on current proposals for the roles of astrocytes. However, it is argued that we need to have a more complete understanding of astrocyte functions in vivo, before we can really understand the functional significance of astrocyte receptors.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Kimelberg HKdoi
10.1016/0197-0186(94)00118-esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
27-40issue
1eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
019701869400118Ejournal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Thromboxane A2(TxA2) is a potent vasoconstrictor associated with cerebrovascular disease and is thought to be synthesized within tissues of the brain. In order to determine the cellular sources of TxA2 in the central nervous system (CNS), we measured the release of the stable metabolite TxB2 in cultures of mixed or hi...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00140-9
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Initial studies demonstrated the loss of lysine and simultaneous appearance of glucitollysine in intracellular proteins following incubation with sugar. For example, when a crude nervous tissue cytoskeletal preparation was incubated in 100 mM glucose for 10 days, > 60% of the lysine residues were modified. Over 20% of...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(92)90144-g
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopaminergic dysregulation in nucleus accumbens has been implicated in the origin of schizophrenia. Accumbal cholinergic interneurons exert powerful modulatory control of local dopamine function, through nicotinic receptors located on dopamine terminals. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in rat brain slices in vitro was us...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104836
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously we have demonstrated the presence of presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the terminals of myenteric neurons in Auerbach's plexus of guinea-pig ileum. During these studies we observed, that the presence of hemicholinium-3, an inhibitor of the high affinity choline uptake significantly influences...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2006.03.001
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several endogenous brain substances which inhibit [3H]muscimol binding were isolated, and one of them has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purification involved the extraction of brain tissue with water, followed by several steps of gel filtration column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatogra...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(93)90134-q
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a well-established experimental model used to investigate the synaptic basis of learning and memory. LTP at mossy fibre - CA3 synapses in the hippocampus is unusual because it is normally N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-independent. Instead it seems that the trigger for mossy fibre...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.021
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seizures are a serious and debilitating co-morbidity of primary brain tumors that affect most patients, yet their etiology is poorly understood. In many CNS pathologies, including epilepsy and brain injury, high levels of extracellular glutamate have been implicated in seizure generation. It has been shown that glioma...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.027
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea commonly used to induce long-lasting models of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Direct toxicity of STZ on the pancreas and kidneys has been well characterized, but the acute effect of this compound on brain tissue has received less attention. Herein, we inves...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.013
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The coenzyme functions of the B vitamins in intermediatry metabolism are well established; nevertheless, for none of them is it possible to determine precisely the connection between the biochemical lesions associated with deficiency and the neurological consequences. Although there is convincing evidence of a neurosp...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(84)90072-x
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induces a spectrum of Huntington's disease (HD)-like neuropathologies in the rat striatum. The present study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of lercanidipine (LER) in rats with 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity, address the possible additional protective effect of combined treatme...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104548
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) is a selective serotonergic neurotoxin by virtue of its selective uptake into 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons and its ability to undergo autoxidation. The mechanism by which 5,7-DHT induces neurodegenerative effects remains enigmatic. The mechanism of autoxidation of 5,7-DHT, which has be...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(88)90165-9
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ultrastructural localization of AChE and BuChE was studied in motor endplates of the rat and mouse diaphragms, using the CNS(?) modification of the one-step Cu-thiocholine procedure. AChE activity was observed on pre- and postsynaptic membranes, in the basal lamina and in the Schwann cell-nerve terminal interspace...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(80)90021-2
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of mechanoreceptor stimulation and subsequent ATP release in cyclophosphamide evoked chronic bladder inflammation was examined to demonstrate: (1) whether inflammation modulates ATP release from bladder urothelium and (2) whether intravesical botulinum toxin A administration inhibits urothelial ATP release...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2005.04.021
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show a common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by rigidity, tremors, postural instability, and bradykinesia due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and is often accompanied by several non-motor symptoms, called parkinsonism. S...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104816
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurosteroids are modulators of several receptors and ion channels and are implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases including hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, a positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors, accumulates in the brains of HE patients whe...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2005.12.006
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tryptophan hydroxylation in cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nervous tissue was measured and compared to the hydroxylation of tryptophan in rat brain. Tryptophan hydroxylation in both tissues requires a pterine cofactor, and is inhibited by p-chlorophenylalanine. The molecular weight of the protein responsible for hy...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(87)90045-3
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously, we revealed that the state of the actin cytoskeleton affects the uptake activity of the serotonin transporter (SERT). Recently, it was reported that the C-terminus of SERT interacts with MacMARCKS, a substrate of PKC that can bind to the actin cytoskeleton. To elucidate the importance of the C-terminal reg...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2004.08.008
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pregabalin is effective in treating many neuropathic pain conditions. However, the mechanisms of its analgesic effects remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pregabalin suppresses facial mechanical hypersensitivity and evoked glutamate release in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH)...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.022
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega3) are crucial to brain development and function, being relevant for behavioral performance. In the present study we examined the influence of dietary omega3 in the development of the glutamatergic system and on behavior parameters in rats. Female rats received isoca...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.02.010
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent in vitro studies have revealed that benzodiazepines, opiates, barbiturates and ethanol might influence GABA binding to CNS membrane sites. Further studies of such interactions might be helpful for explaining both the mechanisms of action of these psychoactive agents and the tolerance/dependence that might resul...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(83)90062-1
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arsenate is a toxic compound that has been connected with neuropathies and impaired cognitive functions. To test whether arsenate affects the viability and the GSH metabolism of brain astrocytes, we have used primary astrocyte cultures as model system. Incubation of astrocytes for 2h with arsenate in concentrations of...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2013.03.014
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The parenchyma of the anterior pituitary gland is constituted of distinct specialized glandular cell types, some of them being able to secrete two, or more, genetically related hormones. The synthesis and the release of each hormone is a discontinuous process controlled by a variety of chemical signals of hypothalamic...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(85)90146-9
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of 1-methyl-isoquinoline (MIQ+) on the respiratory inhibition and the uptake of MIQ+ were measured using mouse liver mitochondria. MIQ+ inhibited the electron transport of complex I but did not inhibit the respiration of mitochondria with succinate as a substrate. MIQ+ was taken up by mitochondria in an ene...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00083-6
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A possible modulatory role of kinases on voltage sensitive Na+ channels of presynaptic brain nerve endings was investigated by testing the effect of several kinase activators and inhibitors on the elevation of [Nai] induced by veratridine in mouse brain synaptosomes loaded with a selective Na+ indicator dye. Veratridi...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00065-x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objectives of this study are to identify the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the therapeutic potential of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental stroke model. In our study, 8-10 weeks old male C57BL/6 wild-type mic...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.015
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular mechanism responsible for hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in dendrites of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurons has not been fully clarified. Recently, we reported that tau mRNA is distributed into dendrites, and that translation and phosphorylation of tau protein are immediately enhanced in response to ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104808
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation is associated with an increase in Na-K ATPase activity. In order to understand the possible biochemical mechanism of this increase, the kinetics of Na-K ATPase was studied. Although the enzyme activity increased after the deprivation, the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme remained...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00121-7
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the central nervous system, choline is an essential precursor of choline-containing phospholipids in neurons and glial cells and of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons. In order to study choline transport and metabolism in the brain, we developed a comprehensive methodical procedure for the analysis of choline and...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(93)90058-d
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebellar granule neurons produce homogenous cultures that provide a unique opportunity for quantifying the apoptosis by propidium iodide- and deoxynucleotidyl transferase-flow cytometry combined analysis and for studying its regulation by neurotrophins. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was found to promote postmitotic surv...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00147-7
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral infections are implicated in the onset and promotion of autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. In this study, immune response patterns to herpes viruses were compared in aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody positive central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis (MS). Serum samples of pati...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.003
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
