Abstract：
:Our earlier studies of translation have led us to a specific numeric coding of nucleotides (A = 0, C = 1, G = 2, and U = 3)--that is, a quaternary numeric system; to ordering of digrams and codons (read right to left: .yx and Z.yx) as ordinal numbers from 000 to 111; and to seek hypothetic transformation of mRNA to 20 canonic amino acids. In this work, we show that amino acids match the ordinal number--that is, follow as transforms of their respective digrams and/or mRNA-codons. Sixteen digrams and their respective amino acids appear as a parallel (discrete) array. A first approximation of translation in this view is demonstrated by a "twisted" spiral on the side of "phantom" codons and by ordering amino acids in the form of a cross on the other side, whereby the transformation of digrams and/or phantom codons to amino acids appears to be one-to-one! Classification of canonical amino acids derived from our dynamic model clarifies physicochemical criteria, such as purinity, pyrimidinity, and particularly codon rules. The system implies both the rules of Siemion and Siemion and of Davidov, as well as balances of atomic and nucleon numbers within groups of amino acids. Formalization in this system offers the possibility of extrapolating backward to the initial organization of heredity.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Damjanović ZM,Rakocević MMdoi
10.1196/annals.1342.081subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
517-23eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632pii
1048/1/517journal_volume
1048pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Modified tumor cells were used to immunize three murine hosts against syngenic ascitic lymphomas: C3H-6C3HED, BALB/c-P1798, and DBA/2-L1210. When the host was capable of a significant immune response against the malignant cells during progressive tumor growth (e.g., C3H vs. 6C3HED), protective immunization against a l...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb41636.x
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abstract：:A primary impairment of the kidney sodium excretion has been documented both in hypertensive patients (EH) and genetic animal models (Milan hypertensive rat [MHS]) carrying mutations of the cytoskeletal protein adducin and/or increased plasma levels of endogenous ouabain (EO). Ouabain (OU) itself induces hypertension ...
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb23094.x
更新日期：1994-11-25 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb22148.x
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32565.x
更新日期：1996-10-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb27978.x
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract：:Because of certain restrictions in medical praxis, reusable materials are only allowed in some countries. This also applies to electrodes for electromyography; the special single-fiber electromyography electrode must be replaced. This article gives some details of the possibilities of using an alternative-a small conc...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：1998-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymic tolerance depends on induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in immature thymocytes by antigen/MHC complexes on dendritic cells (and possibly other bone marrow-derived APCs). Interactions with antigen/MHC complexes on thymic epithelial cells promote maturation of double-positive thymocytes to single-posi...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1992-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Tazobactam was the most recent β-lactamase inhibitor to be approved in 1993. Since the approval of piperacillin-tazobactam, the complexity of β-lactamase-mediated resistance among Gram-negative bacilli has increased enormously. After more than 20 years since the first such combination, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, was...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severely inflamed colonic sections of IL-2 (-/-) mice showed up to 19-fold increased iNOS mRNA levels. The level of iNOS protein expression corresponded to the increased iNOS mRNA levels as detected by means of Western blot analysis. There was a clear, positive relationship between the level of iNOS expression and the...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11131.x
更新日期：1998-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with renal impairment have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, which may be the result of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of AGE peptides in relation to kidney function and to study the relationship of AGE peptides with endothelial function...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1333.075
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The W-curve is a numerical mapping algorithm that provides tertiary information content of long and short genomic sequences. The most popular genomic pattern recognition algorithms depend on string matching of the primary information content of short genomic sequences. Herein, we describe a way to define the fuzzy pro...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carboxyfullerenes, including two regioisomers C3 and D3, were investigated as antioxidants against iron-induced oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Both C3 and D3 dose-dependently inhibited autoxidation and iron-elevated lipid peroxidation in cortical homogenates. The antioxidative property of C3 was compared to Tr...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08012.x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
