Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:Retinoic acid (RA) and benzoyl peroxide (BP) were studied, comparing their keratolytic efficacy and water barrier disruption to that of salicylic acid (SA), a well-established keratolytic, under similar conditions. PATIENTS/METHODS:Six volunteers were included in this blinded study. Eleven randomized test sites were marked on the volar forearms, containing sites for untreated skin at time zero, unoccluded, occlusion, and vehicle controls for 3 and 6 h, and each of BP, RA, and SA solutions for 3 and 6 h. At each time point, occlusion at 5 of the test sites was removed, and chromameter measurements were performed over 30 min. Each site then underwent 25 stratum corneum (SC) tape strippings. At 1, 5, and 30 min after the last stripping at each site, TEWL measurements were performed. Quantitative protein analysis of the SC from the tapes was then performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:after 3 h, bp was significantly more effective in disrupting sc cohesion than sa and ra, indicating bp is a moderate keratolytic agent in addition to its antimicrobial properties. After 6 h, all three agents were similarly effective in keratolysis. Barrier disruption, as measured by TEWL, paralleled depth of SC removal. SA tended to exhibit the greatest keratolytic efficacy superficially, hence its clinical effectiveness in superficial conditions such as comedonal acne, whereas BP was more effective at deeper levels, complimenting its antimicrobial effects and enabling it to treat deeper, more inflammatory lesions. None of the agents significantly affected skin erythema. These techniques provide a robust and rapid assay for in vivo keratolytic demonstration.
journal_name
Skin Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Skin pharmacology and physiologyauthors
Waller JM,Dreher F,Behnam S,Ford C,Lee C,Tiet T,Weinstein GD,Maibach HIdoi
10.1159/000093984subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
283-9issue
5eissn
1660-5527issn
1660-5535pii
93984journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:The skin has become very attractive as a route for drug administration. Optimization of topical drug formulations by the addition of penetration enhancers may facilitate the passage of drugs through the stratum corneum. METHODS:In this paper, the skin penetration effect of phytosphingosine and 9 derive...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000365730
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated the effects of tomato extract (TE) containing lycopene and palm fruit extract (PE) rich in carotenoids on the growth and pigmentation of melanocyte cultures of Caucasian origin. The extracts were tested at different concentrations and in combination with vitamins E and C. Melanocy...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000080217
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mometasone furoate (MMF) is a modern glucocorticoid of the 4th generation, which has been proven not only for inhalation but also for cutaneous treatment. Due to its lipophilic character, it is mainly used in ointments and creams with an outer lipophilic phase (W/O type). However, this study investigated the cutaneous...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000452743
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A screen for natural products bearing pharmacological properties has yielded a secretion of the mollusk Cryptomphalus aspersa (SCA), which possesses skin-regenerative properties. In this report, we outline some of the cellular and molecular effects underlying this observation. First, we found that SCA contained antiox...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000109084
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIM:The skin, as the outermost organ, protects against exogenous hazards (outside-in barrier) and prevents the loss of essential parts of the body (inside-out barrier). The epidermal barrier exerts several functions with specific morphological elements. Regional differences in skin functions are well known. ...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000330721
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), adenosine precursor, in 37 patients suffering from psoriasis. As NAD(+) is known to be relatively unstable, the second goal was to establish the proper conditions for the satisfactory stability of ...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000096170
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Along with antibiotics, antihistamines are the most widely used systemic drugs in dermatology. This is attributable to the major role played by histamine in common diseases such as urticaria and atopic eczema. Of the currently recognised four subtypes of G protein-coupled histamine receptors, only the H1 and H2 subtyp...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000086667
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite its remarkable barrier function, the skin remains an attractive site for systemic drug delivery given its easy accessibility, large surface area and the possibility to bypass the gastrointestinal tract and the liver and so modify drug absorption kinetics. The pioneering work of Scheuplein, Higuchi and others i...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000351815
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brian Barry published over 300 research articles across topics ranging from colloid science, vasoconstriction and the importance of thermodynamics in dermal drug delivery to exploring the structure and organisation of the stratum corneum barrier lipids and numerous strategies for improving topical and transdermal drug...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000351946
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The purpose of this study was to characterise C₆₀-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) dispersions, to analyse the cutaneous absorption of fullerenes as well as to evaluate whether UVA radiation (UVA-R) could modify its permeation profile. METHODS:Dispersions were characterised according to their pH, particle size, zeta p...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000362175
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a clinical study, the skin penetration properties of melatonin 0.01% in a cream and 0.01 and 0.03% in a solution were investigated by evaluation of the serum melatonin levels over a 24-hour time course in 15 healthy volunteers. Blood samples for melatonin measurements were taken at 9.00 a.m. before applying the tes...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000078822
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of sample preparation and microscope configuration on the results of confocal Raman microspectroscopic evaluation of the penetration of a pharmaceutical active into the skin (depth profiling). METHODS:Pig ear skin and a hydrophilic formulation containing...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000444806
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Wound healing is a complex regeneration process involving the degradation and reassembly of connective tissues and skin layers. Previous studies have shown that pH plays a significant role in both the direct and indirect regulation of cellular processes in the wound, which, in turn, affect the wound heal...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000447016
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An investigation was undertaken to determine the possible mechanisms of action of medicinal plants used for dermatological pathologies. A total of 14 plant species were selected from the readily available ethnobotanical literature. 5-Lipoxygenase and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays were used to determine t...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000095253
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carotenoids could serve as marker substances of the antioxidant status of the human skin. In the present study, an optical skin scanner was used to analyse the carotenoid concentration obtained from 4 volunteers over a period of 13 days. The measurements were taken daily at different time points. In addition, the volu...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000357222
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Research has revealed new insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis, leading to new therapeutic options. So far the order of changes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is unclear. The responses to cutaneous leukotriene B4 (LTB4) application have been studied in the past as an in vivo model for inflammation. ...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000354119
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The investigation of drug penetration into the stratum corneum (SC) by tape-stripping requires an accurate measure of the amount of SC on each tape-strip in order to determine the depth inside the SC. This study applies infrared densitometry (IR-D) to in vitro tape-stripping using the novel Squame Scan(R) 850A. The de...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000288165
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous irritation presents a major health problem with serious social and occupational impact. The interaction between an irritant and the human skin depends on multiple factors: the intrinsic properties and the nature of the irritant itself, and specific individual- and environment-related variables. The main path...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000131077
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM AND METHODS:Drug development in dermatotherapy and also development of transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) demand high-predictive in vitro models to estimate drug levels in skin and systemic uptake. Here we compare three ready-to-use models, reconstructed human epidermis, split porcine skin and the perfused porci...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000081683
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Advanced glycation end products, which are linked to both aging and hyperglycemia, cause marked functional and structural alterations in human skin. Though it is well known that the metabolism of glucose is closely associated with that of fatty acid (FA), sharing the same energy-yielding reaction pathwa...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000448121
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIM:Since the pharmacological effects of diclofenac (DF) are short-lived because of its short half-life, prolongation of the pharmacological effect in a topical formulation is needed for more appropriate clinical use. For the enhancement of dermal accumulation and prolongation of the pharmacological effe...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000501734
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates generally used for the in vitro testing of sunscreens have failed to yield a satisfactory correlation between the sun protection factor (SPF) in vitro and that in vivo. In the present study, various polymers were investigated as alternative substrates to PMMA plates. PROCED...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000464471
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:About 50% of the sun's radiation arriving on earth is visible light (VIS). For a long time, its effects on human health have not been fully investigated. But recently, the influence of VIS has gained more attention, especially regarding skin physiology. Studies showed various effects, many of them harmful, c...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000501131
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Combined ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy and tape-stripping experiments in vitro on porcine ear skin were used to investigate the spatial distribution of different surfactants in the stratum corneum (SC). To reveal a possible connection between the size of the formed mice...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000368444
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can enhance drug penetration into the skin, yet the mechanism of the improved transport is not known in full. To unravel the influence of the drug-particle interaction on penetration enhancement, 3 glucocorticoids (GCs), prednisolone (PD), the diester prednicarbate (PC) and the monoest...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000324053
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Talarozole is a new highly potent and selective azole derivative which inhibits cytochrome-P450-dependent all-trans-retinoic acid catabolism. It is in clinical development for the treatment of psoriasis and acne. However, no local pharmacokinetic data on the diffusion behaviour of talarozole in the skin itself are ava...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000323012
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the present investigation was to examine the utilization of optical and spectroscopic methods for the noninvasive characterization of Anthelios XL Fluide Extreme (SPF 50+), an exemplary sunscreen, concerning its homogeneity of distribution on the skin, its spectroscopic properties and its overall prot...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000343576
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we evaluated the protective action of cream preparations containing seven different types of marigold and rosemary extracts in vivo in healthy volunteers with experimentally induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Marigold and rosemary extracts in base cream DAC (Deutscher Arzneimittel-Codex =...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000085865
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is well known to promote inflammation and pigmentation of skin. UVB mainly affects dermatitis and pigmentation. Coffee contains a number of polyphenols, such as caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) but their in vivo bioactivity for photobiology remains unclear. METHODS:C...
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000455237
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES/AIMS:The influence of emulsion droplet size on the skin penetration of a model drug, tetracaine, was studied. For this purpose, in vitro dermal and transdermal delivery of tetracaine from 6 emulsions (3 macro-emulsions with droplet sizes >1 microm and 3 nano-emulsions with droplet sizes <100 nm) were tested....
journal_title：Skin pharmacology and physiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000106076
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
