Abstract:
:Cytochrome P-450 has been purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-induced rabbits in the presence of ionic and nonionic detergents to concentrations over 17 nmoles per mg of protein. The purified cytochrome P-450 LM gives a single major band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis representing about 90 per cent of the total protein. The polypeptide chain has a molecular weight of about 49,000 daltons. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase has been purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-induced rats in the presence of ionic and nonionic detergents to a stage where it catalyzes the reduction of 33,000 nmoles of cytochrome c per min per mg of protein. The ratio of activities toward cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome c is constant throughout purification. The purified reductase contains equimolar amounts of FMN and FAD and gives a single major band on SDA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis accounting for about 70 per cent of the total protein; the molecular weight is about 80,000 daltons. The purified cytochrome P-450 is free of cytochrome b5 but contains another electron acceptor, provisionally called Factor C, which is equivalent in amount to the heme present. Two electrons are taken up per molecule of cytochrome P-450 from dithionite or from NADPH in the presence of catalytic amounts of the reductase, and both electrons are readily transferred from the reduced cytochrome P-450 to molecular oxygen or artificial electron acceptors. The reconstituted enzyme system containing purified cytochrome P-450, purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and phosphatidylcholine retains the ability to catalyze the hydroxylation of drugs, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and aniline in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Coon MJ,van der Hoeven A,Haugen DA,Guengerich FP,Vermilion JL,Ballou DPdoi
10.1007/978-1-4615-9026-2_2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-01-01 00:00:00pages
25-46issue
00eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The cerebral cortex is one of the most intricate regions of the brain, which required elaborated cell migration patterns for its development. Experimental observations show that projection neurons migrate radially within the cortical wall, whereas interneurons migrate along multiple tangential paths to reach the devel...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7687-6_4
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common neoplasia among young men. Management of TGCTs is an excellent example of curative outcomes in clinical oncology. The unique sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens has led to establishing TGCTs as a "model of cancer cure." However, mechanisms ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_9
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the lack of adaptive immunity based on gene rearrangement such as that in higher vertebrates, flies are able to defend themselves from a wide array of pathogens using multiple innate immune responses whose molecular mechanisms are strikingly similar to those of the innate immune responses of other multicellula...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_11
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insufficient oxygen delivery and retinal hypoxia have been implicated as causal in the development of many devastating diseases of the eye. While the two-dimensional imaging of retinal oxygen tension (PO2) has now been applied in a variety of different animal models, it is fundamentally a luminescence-based system lac...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/0-387-26206-7_24
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SLE patient database at the Rheumatology Clinic, St. Luke's Hospital includes 62 patients, 58 of which have complete data. The patients were grouped according to sex (7 males vs 51 females). The presentation, clinical manifestations, ACR criteria and laboratory findings of the 2 groups were analyzed and compared. ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4857-7_25
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incorporation of the innate immune system into humans is essential for survival and health due to the rapid replication of invading microbes and the delayed action of the adaptive immune system. Antimicrobial peptides are important components of human innate immunity. Over 100 such peptides have been identified in...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_12
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In normal and cancer cells, successful cell division requires accurate duplication of chromosomal DNA. All cells require a multiprotein DNA duplication system (replisomes) for their existence. However, death of normal cells in our body occurs through the apoptotic process. During apoptotic process several crucial gene...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_15
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein associations represent the building blocks of biological systems. The classification of different types of protein association is fundamental to an understanding of the interactions they exhibit. A protein association can be classified as homo- (identical components) or hetero- (non-identical component...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3229-6_3
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of next generation sequencing technologies has opened the door to a new molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis, in which we can now look at transmission at a resolution not possible before. At the same time, new technical and analytical challenges have appeared, and we are still exploring the wider pot...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_4
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human colorectal tumor cell line HCT 116 was resident to the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd). The response to FdUrd was increased only slightly by the presence of 10 microM folinic acid (CF). HCT 116 formed FdUMP and CH2H4PteGlu polyglutamates after exposure to FdUrd and CF. The sensitivity to Fd...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2488-5_8
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of imprinted genes on fetal growth and development have been firmly established. By and large, their roles conform to a conflict over provision of limited maternal resources to offspring, such that paternally expressed imprinted genes in offspring generally promote growth of the fetus, while maternally exp...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77576-0_4
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the key abnormalities of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and related diseases of the "Metabolic Syndrome" is impaired insulin action (insulin resistance). Since skeletal muscle plays a major role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and whole-body energy expenditure, it is a central player in ca...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1928-1_12
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the abundance and ecological importance of sea urchins in eastern Australia, it is not known how they may contribute to ambient noise. The sounds of feeding of two temperate and two tropical species were recorded in captivity. Most sound was produced between 2.3 and 9.2 kHz, but there were differences between ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_133
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When enough females and males are enrolled in clinical trials, much more relevant information is available on potential sex differences in device safety and effectiveness. Unfortunately, females have largely been underrepresented in clinical studies of cardiac medical device therapies for heart failure. In this chapte...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_7
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter gives an overview of present knowledge and clinical aspects of antidiabetic drugs according to the recently available research evidence and clinical expertise.Many agents are acting on eight groups of pathophysiological mechanisms, which is commonly called as "Ominous Octet" by DeFronzo. The muscle, liver...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2020_516
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heart continuously supplies blood to the entire body throughout the lifetime, requiring a huge amount of the bioenergy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As the major subcellular organs that produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and the citrate-synthesis cycle, mitochondria inevitably produce chemicall...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_32
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the paper was to investigate the usefulness of posturographic analysis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). RA is a chronic inflammatory disorder responsible for destruction of active and passive components of joints. It is the most common autoimmune disease, and the secon...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2014_29
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rates of ethanol oxidation in various species are linked to the rates of general metabolism, and more specifically that of O2 utilization by the liver. After chronic ethanol administration, increased oxidation of ethanol is accompanied by increased total hepatic O2 utilization, as studied in the whole animal, the ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5181-6_22
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms of NMDA-evoked transmitter release are still not clear. We demonstrate for the first time that NMDA-evoked acetylcholine release is depressed by endogenous liberated adenosine in functionally-hypoxic and non-hypoxic brain slices. Adenosine deaminase potentiates the release of 3H-acetylcholine from rat s...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5907-4_20
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer causes significant morbidity in men and metastatic disease is a major cause of cancer related deaths. Prostate metastasis is controlled by various cellular intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which are often under the regulatory control of various metastasis-associated genes. Given the dynamic nature of m...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_5
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematological malignancies (HM) are a heterogeneous group of life-threatening hematological diseases. The heterogeneity and clonal evolution of HM subpopulations are the main obstacles for precise diagnoses, risk stratification, and even targeted therapies. Standard bulk-sample genomic examinations average total mutat...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0502-3_10
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A defining hallmark of cancer and cancer development is upregulated angiogenesis. The vasculature formed in tumors is structurally abnormal, not organized in the conventional hierarchical arrangement, and more permeable than normal vasculature. These features contribute to leaky, tortuous, and dilated blood vessels, w...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_6
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four new triterpene saponins of the oleanan series-melilotosides I, II, III, IV and nonglycosylated soyasapogenol B have been isolated from roots of Melilotus albus Medik. (Leguminosae) and four steroid saponins were isolated from M. tauricus (Bieb.) ser. seeds. The chemical structure of the saponins and of their agly...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0413-5_18
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glioblastoma remains a tumor with a dismal prognosis because of failure of current treatment. Glioblastoma cells with stem cell (GSC) properties survive chemotherapy and give rise to tumor recurrences that invariably result in the death of the patients. Here we summarize the current knowledge on chemoresistance of mal...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16537-0_7
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human milk samples contain a particularly rich collection of oligosaccharides compared with other milk samples. The synthesis of these molecules should depend on the expression of glycosyltransferases and the presence of sugar nucleotides in lactating mammary glands. We set out to produce transgenic animals expressing...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1371-1_34
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disulfide-containing proteins offer unique advantages for mechanistic studies of the formation of native three-dimensional structure from unordered, reduced precursors. The main advantage is that covalent intermediates are formed; by characterizing these intermediates, one obtains substantial information about the rea...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3282-4_3
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple lines of evidence support a central role of hormones in the etiology of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers. Evidence of an association between circulating hormones and these cancers varies by both hormone and cancer site, with the most consistent associations observed for sex steroid hormones and breast ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical two-dimensional (2D) Doppler ultrasound flow velocity measurement is important for determination of arterial wall shear stress, blood-tissue exchange, myocardial and valvular function. Such 2D Doppler flow velocity images are usually displayed in color, superimposed on the gray-scale, cross-section structural...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2946-0_38
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRPCs have been demonstrated to be widely expressed in different cancers. In recent years, a number of studies closely investigated the roles of TRPCs in cancer cells. Most of the results show that both mRNA and protein levels of TRPCs significantly increase in cancer tissues compared with healthy controls. TRPCs regu...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1088-4_13
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary function of the mammalian lung is to facilitate diffusion of oxygen to venous blood and to ventilate carbon dioxide produced by catabolic reactions within cells. However, it is also responsible for a variety of other important functions, including host defense and production of vasoactive agents to regulat...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1222-9_11
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00