Abstract：
:The use of indirect standardization in the assessment of the fertility of occupationally exposed workers is briefly reviewed and critiqued. The calculation of expected births in the method of Levine et al. (J Occup Med 1980;22:781-91) is modified to eliminate negative bias. An example is given using data from a 1977 survey of 60 male workers at a chemical manufacturing plant in Denver, Colorado, who were exposed to dibromochloropropane. The example illustrates how in-plant nonexposed reproductive experience provides a valuable supplement to US fertility tables which are specific only to race, birth cohort, age, and parity. It is also shown, however, that explicit control for potential confounding factors not included in the tables, such as marital status and surgical sterilization, can actually create rather than alleviate confounding error. This occurs when the additional factors co-vary in the reference population with the factors already included in the tables. For martial status, the control-induced error was readily minimized by restricting analysis to married experience at parity one or greater. For surgical sterilization, the corresponding error could not be reduced without severely compromising sample size, and hence control of this potential confounder in similar circumstances is not recommended.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Starr TB,Levine RJdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113707subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-12-01 00:00:00pages
897-904issue
6eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
118pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Recently, the focus of research on cardiovascular risk factors has broadened because of new data demonstrating benefits of low risk (i.e., favorable) levels of all major modifiable risk factors. Most data on low risk relate to coronary heart disease, not stroke. This population-based, 12-sample, Italian study (Progett...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj110
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin lesions are classic clinical signs of toxicity due to long-term exposure to arsenic, and they are considered precursors to arsenic-related skin cancer. The authors prospectively evaluated synergisms between effects of arsenic exposure and those of tobacco use, sun exposure, and pesticide and fertilizer use on inc...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwq357
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that both active and passive smokers have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with women who have never been either actively or passively exposed. Data on lifetime active and passive smoking were collected in 1999-2000 from 468 predominantly premenopausal breast cancer patients diagnosed...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf093
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the most striking epidemiologic characteristics of prostatic cancer in the United States is the sizeable excess in rates for the disease among blacks as compared with whites. This study attempted to determine whether the higher black rates might be explained by controlling for social class, using mortality data ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112546
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One measure of the severity of a pandemic influenza outbreak at the individual level is the risk of death among people infected by the new virus. However, there are complications in estimating both the numerator and denominator. Regarding the numerator, statistical estimates of the excess deaths associated with influe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws314
更新日期：2013-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin C has been the focus of epidemiologic investigation in preterm delivery (<37 weeks' gestation), which is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and birth-related morbidity. There are two sodium-dependent membrane transporters encoded by SLC23A1 and SLC23A2, which have key roles in human vitamin C metabolism and...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj035
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent developments in population mathematics apply to measurement issues in epidemiology. In particular, they demonstrate explicitly the relations that prevail among incidence, prevalence, case-fatality, mortality, and duration of illness in a population at a moment in time, rather than in a cohort of persons followe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/126.2.336
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors investigated variations in cognitive ability by gestational age among 13,824 children at age 6.5 years who were born at term with normal weight, using data from a prospective cohort recruited in 1996-1997 in Belarus. The mean differences in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence were examined by g...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp413
更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertensive complications of pregnancy contribute to the burden of maternal morbidity and subsequently have an impact on neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although codes from the International Classification of Diseases should delineate the specific subtypes of pregnancy-related hypertension, how diagnoses are applie...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm141
更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Production of synthetic rubber involves exposure to several potentially harmful chemicals. The authors carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of workers in the rubber-producing industry. Data were obtained from computerized literature searches of several databases from their inception thro...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj252
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted a case-control study to determine whether risk factors for reading disability (RD) differentially affect boys and girls. The study population included all children born between 1976 and 1982 in Olmsted County, Minnesota (n = 5,701). A total of 303 RD cases were identified by using intelligence qu...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.9.787
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measures of various types of social contacts were used as predictors of ischemic heart disease events and total mortality in an age-stratified random sample of 9,573 adults enrolled in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (Copenhagen, Denmark). Baseline examinations were conducted in 1991-1994, and participants were follow...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwi128
更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Because measles immunization has been found in all studies to reduce mortality with more than the share of deaths attributed to acute measles, the authors examined mortality after measles infection in a study in a rural area of Senegal that included 6,924 unimmunized children, whom 1,118 developed measles. Age-adjuste...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008667
更新日期：1996-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The NHLBI Family Heart Study is a multicenter, population-based study of genetic and nongenetic determinants of coronary heart disease (CHD), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors. In phase I, 2,000 randomly selected participants and 2,000 with family histories of CHD were identified among 14,592 middle-age...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008709
更新日期：1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113415
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty-eight children with Reye's syndrome (RS) confirmed by liver biopsy were treated at the University of Cincinnati between 1963 and 1974. Cases were clustered in the winter and spring with the peak in February and March. These coincided with the occurrence of influenza and, numerically, were associated more closely...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112123
更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the period August 10-29, 1986, 29 confirmed cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred in Sheboygan, Wisconsin; two cases were fatal. No common source of indoor exposure was identified. Water specimens were obtained from all known cooling tower units in Sheboygan; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated at 1 x...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115370
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computer simulation was applied to Sartwell's model to examine the impact of competing risks of death on the underlying assumptions and the power to reject both uniform and normal incubation period distributions. Exponential and nonparametric survival functions were imposed onto lognormal, uniform, and normal distribu...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117642
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This cohort study sought to estimate the differences in risk of delivering infants who were small or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA, respectively) according to exercise during the first trimester of pregnancy (vs. no exercise) among 2,286 women receiving care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 2013-201...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwz213
更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhinovirus infections in Seattle families with schoolchildren (1975-1979) and in selected outpatients were revealed by virus shedding or antibody rise. These observations extend those in the Seattle Virus Watch (1965-1969). Analysis of rhinovirus serotype prevalence again revealed certain "common" persisting serotypes...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114166
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Pitt County Study is a longitudinal investigation of anthropometric, psychosocial, and behavioral predictors of hypertension in African Americans who were aged 25-50 years at baseline in 1988. At baseline, a strong dose-response gradient was observed for alcohol consumption and blood pressure for both sexes. The c...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009348
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D may reduce telomere shortening through anti-inflammatory and anti-cell proliferation mechanisms. In the present study, we examined the association between vitamin D and relative leukocyte telomere length by using both plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) biomarkers. V...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kws435
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of influenzalike illnesses and influenza vaccination in the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), particularly the role of A/H1N1 epidemics and A/H1N1 vaccination, is debated. Data on all incident GBS cases meeting the Brighton Collaboration criteria that were diagnosed at 25 neurology centers in Fran...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr072
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simulation model was used to study the spread of two sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), namely gonorrhea and genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. The model is based on a stochastic pair formation and separation process, which describes the underlying structure of the sexual contact pattern. It is impleme...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008926
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that paternal occupational exposures to pesticides and solvents increase the risk of neural tube defects in offspring. With the use of Texas livebirth, fetal death, and linked livebirth-death records, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 1981-1986 Texas births to exam...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115526
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ninety-seven symptomatic and five asymptomatic infections with viral hepatitis, type A (102 cases) were identified in members, guests and employees of a private country club in an outbreak associated with consuming food and ice prepared or handled by an employee of the club's kitchen pantry. Twenty-three symptomatic p...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112978
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this analysis was to identify risk factors for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual and bisexual men in Ontario, Canada, during 1998-2001. Participants were recruited through the provincial HIV diagnostic laboratory and through physicians and community organizations. HI...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf195
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk of death during the first year of life due to external causes, such as unintentional injury and homicide, may be higher among twins and higher-order multiples than among singletons in the United States. We used national birth cohort linked birth-infant death data (2000-2010) to evaluate the risk of infant mortali...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kww119
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors conducted a 2-year follow-up of 40 cardiovascular disease patients (mean age = 65.6 years (standard deviation, 5.8)) who underwent repeated measurements of cardiovascular response before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics (Beijing, China), when air pollution was strictly controlled. Ambient levels of par...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr511
更新日期：2012-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the prevalence of cysticercosis in a rural area where the disease is endemic, the authors studied the seroepidemiology of human and porcine cysticercosis in a Peruvian jungle community (Maceda, Peru) in 1988 using an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Of the 371 sampled inhabitants, 30...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116383
更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00
