Abstract：
:The objective of this analysis was to identify risk factors for recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual and bisexual men in Ontario, Canada, during 1998-2001. Participants were recruited through the provincial HIV diagnostic laboratory and through physicians and community organizations. HIV test results were used to identify recent seroconverters (cases). A subsample of 183 men (62 cases and 121 controls) enrolled in the Polaris HIV Seroconversion Study as of June 2001 was analyzed. This analysis focused on sexual behaviors with partners who were HIV-positive or whose HIV status was unknown. In multiple logistic regression, independent risk factors were identified. Rates of unprotected receptive oral, insertive anal, and receptive anal sex and delayed application of condoms during receptive anal sex (RAS) were significantly higher among cases (97%, 41%, 53%, and 32%, respectively) than among controls (73%, 19%, 14%, and 2%). Independent risk factors for HIV infection were RAS without condoms (odds ratio = 4.4, p = 0.0004) and delayed application of condoms during RAS (odds ratio = 5.8, p = 0.01). There was an association with condom failure (breakage or slippage) during RAS that approached significance (odds ratio = 2.9, p = 0.09). Delayed application of condoms for RAS may result in contact with preejaculatory fluid. This behavior, which to date has received little attention, may pose as much risk for HIV infection as fully unprotected RAS.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Calzavara L,Burchell AN,Remis RS,Major C,Corey P,Myers T,Millson M,Wallace Edoi
10.1093/aje/kwf195subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
210-7issue
3eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
157pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The occurrence of cancer of the corpus uteri in Denmark is examined by the use of data from the Danish Cancer Registry. The study population consists of 14,149 cases diagnosed with cancer of the corpus uteri between 1943 and 1980. Since 1943, the incidence has been steadily increasing. The trend in the incidence rates...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113793
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For diseases of well-defined genetic etiology and with onset after birth, the age at onset corresponds to the incubation period of the disease. The lognormal model, as used by Sartwell to study the distribution of incubation periods in infectious diseases (Am J Hyg 1950;51:310-8), was applied in this study to the dist...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113137
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contradictory observations have accumulated regarding a secular trend and/or an epidemic pattern in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this study, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus incidence below age 15 years was examined in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and in Wielkopolska, Poland, two area...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115169
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The methods used for selecting subjects yield three types of case-control studies: 1) incident cases are compared to non-cases chosen to be representative of the exposure distribution among the person-years which produced the cases. In this type of study the exposure-odds ratio equals the incidence density ratio; 2) i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112614
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of propensity scores to adjust for measured confounding factors has become increasingly popular in cohort studies. However, their use in case-control and case-cohort studies has received little attention. The authors present some theory on the estimation and use of propensity scores in case-control and case-co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm069
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors present results from a novel approach to understanding recent secular trends in overweight in terms of changes in underlying component distributions. On the basis of an examination of two large overlapping samples of Danish young men (ns = 16,557 and 21,747) spanning birth cohorts 1939-1958, the authors fo...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115917
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High prevalences of anencephaly and neural tube defects (NTDs) have recently been recorded for several Texas counties bordering Mexico. In addition, a few investigators have reported Hispanics to be at elevated risk for NTDs (anencephaly and spina bifida). Factors contributing to this risk have not been established. T...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008647
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke mortality is reported to be greater in blacks than in whites, but stroke incidence data for blacks and Hispanics are sparse. The aim of this study was to determine and compare stroke incidence rates among whites, blacks, and Hispanics living in the same urban community. A population-based incidence study was co...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009445
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of most case-control studies have suggested a positive association between eating frequency and colorectal cancer risk. Because no prospective cohort studies have done so to date, the authors prospectively examined this association. In 1992, eating frequency was assessed in a cohort of 34,968 US men in the...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwr363
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf082
更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Male drivers sustained relatively more serious motorcycle collision injuries than did male passengers, female drivers, or female passengers. For male drivers, severity of injury was related to age. The relative frequency of serious head injury was highest for drivers not wearing helmets who were involved in collisions...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112137
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outbreaks of respiratory tract illnesses (RTI) in adult humans during October and November 1975 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, were investigated by viral isolation and serologic procedures. The recovery of viral agents was enhanced by use of cell cultures in the field. Recoveries of parainfluenzaviruses types 1 and 3...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112857
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation of oral contraceptive (OC) use to the risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated among 121,964 US nurses who responded to a mail questionnaire. There were 156 women who reported having been hospitalized for MI before the menopause, and 23 (15%) were OC users at the time of the MI...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112874
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined associations between exposure to aluminum or silica from drinking water and risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease among elderly subjects followed for 15 years (1988-2003). They actively searched for incident cases of dementia among persons aged 65 years or over living in 91 ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn348
更新日期：2009-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/154.5.399
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:No large national studies of ethnic differences in blood pressure among children accounting for body size differences have been published, to the authors' knowledge. This report details the similarities and differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures between Black children and White children in the United St...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010129
更新日期：2000-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportion of parents aged ≥35 years at the birth of their child continues to increase, but long-term health consequences for these children are not fully understood. A recent prospective study of 110,999 adult women showed an association between paternal-but not maternal-age at birth and sporadic hematological ca...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu487
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors reviewed all cases of active tuberculosis newly reported to a population-based registry between 1970 and 1985 to compare a large urban area with the mostly rural remainder of the province of British Columbia, Canada. Although incidence rates have declined steadily in the rural area, they have not done so i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115246
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiology is the study of the causes and distributions of diseases in human populations so that we may identify ways to prevent and control disease. Although this definition broadly serves us well, I suggest that in recent decades, our discipline's robust interest in identifying causes has come at the expense of a ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt172
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Some studies have suggested that eating patterns, which describe eating frequency, the temporal distribution of eating events across the day, breakfast skipping, and the frequency of eating meals away from home, may be related to obesity. Data from the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study (1994-1998) were use...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg117
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of genetic risk models based on risk loci identified and/or confirmed in genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through April 13, 2012, and published da...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt123
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors abstracted a sample of 7,536 hospital medical records to validate the accuracy of the coding of obstetric information on 1) birth certificates, 2) a statewide computerized hospital discharge abstract data system, and 3) a linked file merging birth certificates and the hospital abstract data for Washington ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116834
更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A retrospective cohort study of workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and contaminants (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and other polychlorinated dioxins and furans) has been conducted in a chemical factory in the Netherlands. Male workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides or chlorophenols showe...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009543
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors examined the association between the use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and the risk of subsequent fatal breast cancer in a large prospective study of US adults. After 9 years of follow-up, 1,574 cases of fatal breast cancer were observed among 501,536 gravid women who reported no prior history of ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008976
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A gene variant that increases disease risk will be overrepresented among diseased persons, even compared with their own biologic parents. This insight has led to tests based solely on the asymmetric distribution of a variant allele among cases and their parents (e.g., the transmission/disequilibrium test). Existing me...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009715
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the period August 10-29, 1986, 29 confirmed cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred in Sheboygan, Wisconsin; two cases were fatal. No common source of indoor exposure was identified. Water specimens were obtained from all known cooling tower units in Sheboygan; Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated at 1 x...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115370
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether caffeine intake during pregnancy is related to intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, and preterm birth remains unclear. The purpose of this population-based study is to assess these associations and to evaluate the interaction between caffeine intake and smoking. The study participants (n = 7,025)...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116763
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiences of discrimination are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes; however, it is unknown whether discrimination is related to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). We investigated the associations of major experiences of discrimination (unfair treatment in 6 situations) and everyday ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx047
更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation of reproductive factors to risk of myocardial infarction in women aged 45-69 years was examined in a case-control interview study carried out in Massachusetts from 1986 to 1990. Each of 858 cases of first myocardial infarction was age-matched with a control from the same precinct of residence. Conditional...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116513
更新日期：1992-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer is diagnosed at a younger age and a more advanced stage in African-American women than in White women. The authors investigated the effects of several factors, including race, on stage of breast cancer in women aged 20-54 years living in Atlanta, Georgia, and diagnosed between 1990 and 1992. A total of 2...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm177
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
