Abstract：
:The authors conducted a 2-year follow-up of 40 cardiovascular disease patients (mean age = 65.6 years (standard deviation, 5.8)) who underwent repeated measurements of cardiovascular response before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics (Beijing, China), when air pollution was strictly controlled. Ambient levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)), black carbon, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide were measured continuously, with validation of concurrent real-time measurements of personal exposure to PM(2.5) and carbon monoxide. Linear mixed-effects models were used with adjustment for individual risk factors, time-varying factors, and meteorologic effects. Significant heart rate variability reduction and blood pressure elevation were observed in association with exposure to air pollution. Specifically, interquartile-range increases of 51.8 µg/m(3), 2.02 µg/m(3), and 13.7 ppb in prior 4-hour exposure to PM(2.5), black carbon, and nitrogen dioxide were associated with significant reductions in the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals of 4.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9, 6.4), 4.2% (95% CI: 1.8, 6.6), and 3.9% (95% CI: 2.2, 5.7), respectively. Greater heart rate variability declines were observed among subjects with C-reactive protein values above the 90th percentile, subjects with a body mass index greater than 25, and females. The authors conclude that autonomic and vascular dysfunction may be one of the mechanisms through which air pollution exposure can increase cardiovascular disease risk, especially among persons with systemic inflammation and overweight.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Huang W,Zhu T,Pan X,Hu M,Lu SE,Lin Y,Wang T,Zhang Y,Tang Xdoi
10.1093/aje/kwr511subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-15 00:00:00pages
117-26issue
2eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256pii
kwr511journal_volume
176pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare risk factor patterns in association with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The data were collected from The Swedish Medical Birth Register and include all nulliparas aged 34 years or less who gave birth at the University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden, duri...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009400
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This cross-sectional study investigated the relation between intake of caffeine-containing beverages and time to conception in a population of 1,909 married women in New Haven, Connecticut, between May 12, 1980 and March 12, 1982. Women were interviewed shortly after the first prenatal visit regarding the length of ti...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116826
更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In a multicenter study of lung cancer in lifetime nonsmokers in the United States, 646 female lung cancer patients and 1,252 population controls were interviewed regarding history of cancer in their first-degree relatives. A 30% increased risk (95% confidence interval 0.9-1.8) was found for a history of respiratory tr...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008783
更新日期：1996-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors compared US motor vehicle and motorcycle mortality rates during periods when each of several alcohol-related laws were in effect with mortality rates during other periods. During the period 1980-1997, there were 792,184 deaths due to motor vehicle crashes and 63,052 deaths due to motorcycle crashes. An est...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwf186
更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In systematic studies of the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis, DNA fingerprinting is used to estimate the fraction of incident cases attributable to recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rather than reactivation disease and to identify risk factors for recent transmission. This approach is based on t...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/155.6.565
更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors assessed the association between cognitive function and incidence and maintenance of overweight in preschool children. A population-based birth cohort was established in Menorca, Spain, between 1997 and 1999 (n = 482). Body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) was measured at ages 4 years and 6 years (n ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp140
更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin C has been the focus of epidemiologic investigation in preterm delivery (<37 weeks' gestation), which is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and birth-related morbidity. There are two sodium-dependent membrane transporters encoded by SLC23A1 and SLC23A2, which have key roles in human vitamin C metabolism and...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwj035
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper concerns the effects of random error in numerical measurements of risk factors (covariates) in relative risk regressions. When not dependent on outcome (nondifferential), such error usually attenuates relative risk estimates (shifts them toward one) and leads to spuriously narrow confidence intervals. The p...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115761
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of weight in middle-aged men and subsequent weight change on the risk of osteoporosis three decades later. The authors utilized data from 1,476 Norwegian men participating in two health screenings in Oslo (1972-1973 and 2000-2001) and Tromsø (1974-1975 and 2001). Heig...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwn151
更新日期：2008-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that paternal occupational exposures to pesticides and solvents increase the risk of neural tube defects in offspring. With the use of Texas livebirth, fetal death, and linked livebirth-death records, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 1981-1986 Texas births to exam...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115526
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors investigated variations in cognitive ability by gestational age among 13,824 children at age 6.5 years who were born at term with normal weight, using data from a prospective cohort recruited in 1996-1997 in Belarus. The mean differences in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence were examined by g...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp413
更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Population-based and proportional odds ratios for various cancers, based on incidence data from 1974-1977 and mortality data from 1965-1975 for western Washington State, were calculated in relation to three measures of exposure to asbestos in community water supplies. Six odds ratios were calculated for each neoplasm ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113415
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutralizing antibodies to the Inoue-Melnick virus were detected in healthy adults in Osaka and in Houston. For adults, the prevalence rate for the cross-reacting type 3 virus was 13.8 per cent in Osaka and 29.1 per cent in Houston. Antibodies were also found in immune serum globulin prepared from American adults, but...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114560
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control epidemiologic study of childhood polymyositis is presented. Parents of 42 cases of childhood polymyositis were interviewed along with parents of controls matched for sex and age. Extensive review of past medical history, animal exposure history, residential and family history, and immunization history f...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112341
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate whether occupational conditions during pregnancy are associated with preterm delivery (PTD). Women whose work conditions changed following the use of a legally justified preventive measure (withdrawal from work or job reassignment) were also compared with those ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm171
更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors studied the intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, and vitamins C and E in relation to the incidence of lung cancer. For 561 men from the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands, dietary history information was obtained in 1960, 1965, and 1970. During 1971-1990, 54 new cases of lung cancer were identified. ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009113
更新日期：1997-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The world's population is aging rapidly. This study reports the burden of cancer in the oldest old (≥85 years) in Finland in 1953-2017 and estimates age-specific cancer rates in the old population (65-99 years) in 1988-2017. The Finnish Cancer Registry provided data on all cancer diagnoses, cancer deaths and other dea...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwaa236
更新日期：2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In a prospective cohort of nondisabled adults aged 65 years or more in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (1981-1987 and 1985-1992), we used a competing risk approach to predict the 5-year risk of severe, persistent activities-of-daily-living (ADLs) disability, defined as dependence i...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt097
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1976-1978, a battery of eight neuropsychologic tests were administered to 2,123 participants in the Framingham Study who were aged 55-89 years. Performance on each test was examined in relation to concurrently measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure while controlling for age, sex, education, antihypertensive...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114749
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is generally believed that a simple lifestyle may promote health, a recent study among Trappist and Benedictine monks in the Netherlands reported an increase in general morbidity (Am J Epidemiol 1993;138:569-73). As this increased morbidity might be the consequence of an increased life expectancy, we studi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117500
更新日期：1995-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We determined measurement properties of the Sedentary Time and Activity Reporting Questionnaire (STAR-Q), which was designed to estimate past-month activity energy expenditure (AEE). STAR-Q validity and reliability were assessed in 102 adults in Alberta, Canada (2009-2011), who completed 14-day doubly labeled water (D...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwu150
更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:What is the influence of various methods of handling missing data (complete case analyses, single imputation within and over trials, and multiple imputations within and over trials) on the subgroup effects of individual patient data meta-analyses? An empirical data set was used to compare these five methods regarding ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwm341
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiologic approach to causal inference (i.e., Hill's viewpoints) consists of evaluating potential causes from the following 2, noncumulative angles: 1) established results from comparative, observational, or experimental epidemiologic studies; and 2) reviews of nonepidemiologic evidence. It does not involve st...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwt223
更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that no distinct glycemic threshold consistently differentiates individuals with or without retinopathy. The authors sought to determine whether the same was true for other microvascular complications. They studied 5,094 participants with fasting plasma glucose values and concurrent microvascula...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwp076
更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:More than half of the US population has received the smallpox vaccine, but it is unknown what fraction is still protected against infection and disease. Residual protection and age-dependent case-fatality ratios have therefore been widely neglected in the current bioterrorism debate. The author analyzed 1902-1903 data...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwg225
更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of adult health risks from exposures that occurred in childhood may require case-control studies in which subjects who are now adults are asked to provide information that might be more accurately provided by their parents. The quality of parental smoking and drinking histories provided by adult offspring w...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114453
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simulation model was used to study the spread of two sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), namely gonorrhea and genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. The model is based on a stochastic pair formation and separation process, which describes the underlying structure of the sexual contact pattern. It is impleme...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008926
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because noninstitutionalized senior citizens comprise over 95% of the population 65 years of age and older, their health needs are a major concern. Data regarding infections in this population including the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality are lacking. The authors recruited a study population of 417 free-living ...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117402
更新日期：1995-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the mediation mechanisms by which an exposure or intervention affects an outcome can provide a look into what has been called a "black box" of many epidemiologic associations, thereby providing further evidence of a relationship and possible points of intervention. Rapid methodologic developments in medi...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwy248
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between dietary fat and fertility is not well studied. We evaluated intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids (TFA), ω-3 fatty acids, and ω-6 fatty acids in relation to fecundability in Danish and North American preconceptio...
journal_title：American journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/aje/kwx204
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
