Abstract：
:Direct studies linking drugs of abuse with changes in neurotransmitters and subsequent effects on the immune system are not abundant. One can, however, hypothesize that an indirect effect can occur since a variety of neurotransmitters known to be acted on by various drugs of abuse can, in turn, be correlated with changes in immunity. These changes most likely are mediated via alterations in the autonomic nervous system or the ratio of hormones regulated by the pituitary gland. In addition, there is sound evidence to suspect that the immune system might be capable of altering either the induction of tolerance or the severity of withdrawal symptoms. An increasing body of evidence indicates that IL-1, IFN-alpha, as well as C3a and C5a of the complement cascade, are capable of acting on central catecholamines within the brain. The possibility that immune system peptides are capable of regulating neurotransmitters is further suggested by the evidence of neuropsychiatric side effects during the course of clinical trials. Since a variety of drugs of abuse can directly alter immunocompetence as evidenced by the results of in vitro protocols described elsewhere in this volume, one could speculate that certain behavioral manifestations of drug addiction may be modulated, in part, by immunologic status.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Hall NR,O'Grady MP,Menzies RAdoi
10.1007/978-1-4684-5925-8_2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
13-23eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
288pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) is mainly caused by mutations responsible for rhodopsin (RHO) misfolding. Although it was previously proved that unfolded RHO is retained into the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) eliciting ER-stress, consequent mechanisms underlying photoreceptor degeneration need to be furt...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_51
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3) appears to be an excellent model for the study of the relationship between viral-induced immunodeficiency and the development of chronic disease. Animal surviving acute hepatitis develop a chronic disease characterized by viral persistency in various organs, by a humoral immunodefic...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_33
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nucleotide (nt) sequence of 1.7 kbp cDNA representing the 3' end of the PEDV genome has been determined. Viral RNA was reverse transcribed and the cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers. The sequences of the primers were based on conserved regions of coronaviral genomes. A 1323 nt...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-2996-5_8
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medicine will experience many changes in the coming years because the so-called "medicine of the future" will be increasingly proactive, featuring four basic elements: predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory. Drivers for these changes include the digitization of data in medicine and the availability of...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_37
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ruffled border is the most specific marker of the active osteoclast (OC) as it forms only when the cell is resorbing bone. We provide evidence that this complex cytoskeletal structure reflects insertion of the lysosomal vesicles into the bone-apposed plasma membrane under the aegis of the Ca-sensing, exocytic prot...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1050-9_11
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation of the comutagenic tryptophan derivate norharman in heat-processed food is a well known phenomenon. As a first step to investigate the possible formation of norharman during food storage particularly in regard to fortified food we developed a model system and studied the non-enzymatic formation of the co...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_89
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious bacterial pathogen that replicates in a specialized vacuole inside eukaryotic cells. Due to a prolonged growth cycle, Coxiella continuously manipulates cellular processes to generate this parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and promote host cell viability. Here, we discuss recent find...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-4315-1_7
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In studies designed to determine the respective functional roles of two bulbospinal monoaminergic pathways to sympathetic preganglionic neurons, both L-dopa and precursors of 5-HT depressed transmission through excitatory spinal reflex and bulbospinal sympathetic pathways. Transmission through spinal reflex pathways w...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-2511-6_13
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotics have long been suspected of contributing to male infertility; however, there are remarkably limited data to support this premise. A major challenge for evaluating antibiotic effects is that the diseases they treat often have negative impacts on male reproduction, so treatment with the antimicrobial can imp...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_10
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment is a key element in education. Given its multiple methods, assessment contains the aspect of correctness and honesty from both the assessor and the assessed. These methods can be classified and their types are numerous, starting from single questions to tests and practical work. Concerning tests, their vast...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-56246-9_6
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms of NMDA-evoked transmitter release are still not clear. We demonstrate for the first time that NMDA-evoked acetylcholine release is depressed by endogenous liberated adenosine in functionally-hypoxic and non-hypoxic brain slices. Adenosine deaminase potentiates the release of 3H-acetylcholine from rat s...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5907-4_20
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triple-A syndrome is characterized by triad of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-resistant adrenal insufficiency, alacrimia and achalasia cardia. It is a rare disease and inherited by autosomal recessive pattern. Allgrove syndrome is characterized by mutation(s) in AAAS gene, located on chromosome 12q13, that codes ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-6448-9_1
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anumber of observations have lent support to a model in which thermal stress is transduced into a signal at the level of the cellular membranes. Our alternative, but not exclusive, approach is based on the concept that the initial stress-sensing events are associated with the physical state and lipid composition of ce...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-39975-1_11
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is involved in both normal and pathological processes in neurons. Since the discovery and characterization of tau over 40 years ago, our understanding of tau's normal functions and toxic roles in neurodegenerative tauopathies has continued to expand. Fast axonal transport i...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_7
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxytocin (OT) is released from the neurohypophysis into the jugular vein of sheep in small 1-2 min pulses (ca. 10 pg/ml) in both cyclic and ovariectomized sheep. In intact cycling sheep, additional hour long bursts of OT (up to 200 pg/ml) occur in peripheral blood during luteolysis at intervals of 6 to 9 hrs which app...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carotid bodies are sensory organs for monitoring arterial blood O(2) levels. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide function as inhibitory gasotransmitters in the carotid body. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is another emerging gasotransmitter. The purpose of this article is to review recent studies addressing the role of H2S in ca...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-4584-1_15
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When used as initial therapy in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir and possible saquinavir-soft gel capsule (saquinavir-sgc) are highly effective agents. Patients who have been extensively pretreated, have advanced immunodeficiency or are unable to adhere...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4743-3_17
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The PI3K signalling pathway is crucial to normal B cell development and response to antigen. The p1108 catalytic subunit plays an important and non-redundant role within this pathway although other catalytic isoforms may also contribute. Although CD40, TLR and cytokines all activate PI3K the BCR seems especially depen...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-79311-5_5
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Escherichia coli is one of the most-studied species of bacteria due to its frequent incidence in diverse environments and hosts, as well as its use as a tool in molecular biology. Most E. coli strains are commensal, in that they colonize the host without causing disease; however, some strains of E. coli are pathogens ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_9
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water permeability is a key feature of the cell plasma membranes and it has seminal importance for a number of cell functions such as cell volume regulation, cell proliferation, cell migration, and angiogenesis to name a few. The transport of water occurs mainly through plasma membrane water channels , the aquaporins,...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_18
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SFHS modified by covalent incorporation of pyridoxal phosphate using NaCNBH3 as reducing agent had P50 values of 21-25mm Hg, and was insensitive to the addition of BPG. The Hill slope of the modified product was 2.34, demonstrating good functional cooperativity of the subunits. Oxygen carrying capacity, calculated as ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5643-1_41
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smoking is a harmful habit, causing a range of severe consequences which could lead to premature death. This habit is still prevalent amongst young people. In order to protect children, effective early interventions supported by public instances need to be set in place. Raising awareness and educating the youth is cru...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-43961-3_4
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RPPA technology has graduated from a research tool to an essential component of clinical drug discovery research and personalized medicine. Next generations of RPPA technology will be a single clinical instrument that integrates all the steps of the workflow. ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-32-9755-5_1
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNAs that are not act as translational protein templates. They are involved in the regulation of gene transcription, RNA maturation and protein translation, participating in a variety of physiological and physiological processes. NcRNAs have important functions, and are recently on...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_8
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The medium from cultured optic tectum of the goldfish intact or at various days after optic nerve crush, or the co-culture of this optic tectum with post-crush goldfish retinal explants plating in the absence of fetal calf serum, but in the presence of glucose, modulate its outgrowth. The a dition of taurine did not f...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-33504-9_49
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cerebral tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) reflect the cerebral oxygenation. We studied the effect of glycaemia on the TOI and FTOE, as measured by near-infrared-spectroscopy (NIRS). We continuously measured TOI, glycaemia, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), saturation...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-1241-1_66
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Procedures used for the complete enzymic hydrolysis of proteins are reviewed. The successful application of complete enzymic hydrolysis in the detection of naturally occurring isopeptide crosslinks and various other types of chemically introduced crosslinks is described. The method may fail if the level of crosslinkin...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-9113-6_19
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phylum Cnidariais one of the earliest branches in the animal tree of life providing crucial insights into the early evolution of immunity. The diversity in cnidarian life histories and habitats raises several important issues relating to immunity. First, in the absence of specific immune cells, cnidarians must hav...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_1
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The choroid plexuses (CPs) play pivotal roles in basic aspects of neural function including maintaining the extracellular milieu of the brain by actively modulating chemical exchange between the CSF and brain parenchyma, surveying the chemical and immunological status of the brain, detoxifying the brain, secreting a n...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-5786-3_8
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Under certain conditions, detection of a masked tone is improved by a preceding sound ("precursor"). This phenomenon is referred to as the "temporal effect" or "overshoot". A prevalent model of overshoot, referred to as the "gain reduction model", posits that overshoot is caused by efferent reduction in cochlear gain ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-1590-9_8
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
