Abstract:
:Escherichia coli is one of the most-studied species of bacteria due to its frequent incidence in diverse environments and hosts, as well as its use as a tool in molecular biology. Most E. coli strains are commensal, in that they colonize the host without causing disease; however, some strains of E. coli are pathogens and are able to cause diverse illnesses, including urinary tract infections, sepsis/meningitis, as well as intestinal disease that result in diarrhea (Kaper et al. 2004). Six categories of diarrheagenic E. coli are recognized, and these are classified in part based on how they interact with epithelial cells (Kaper et al. 2004). Of these, enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is one of the most important pathogenic E. coli strains. EHEC causes major outbreaks of bloody diarrhea that can result in the development of fatal hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (Karmali et al. 1983). EHEC colonizes the colon, where it forms attaching and effacing (AE) lesions on the intestinal epithelial cell. AE lesions are characterized by intimate attachment of EHEC to epithelial cells, effacement of the microvilli and rearrangement of the underlying cytoskeleton, which results in formation of a pedestal-like structure beneath the bacterium (Jerse et al. 1990; Jarvis et al. 1995; Kenny et al. 1997). Most of the genes involved in the formation of AE lesions are encoded within a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) (McDaniel et al. 1995). The LEE contains 41 genes that are organized in five major operons (LEE1, LEE2, LEE3, LEE5, and LEE4) (Elliott et al. 1998, 1999; Mellies et al. 1999). The LEE encodes a type three secretion system (T3SS) (Jarvis et al. 1995), an adhesin (intimin) (Jerse et al. 1990) and its receptor (Tir) (Kenny et al. 1997), as well as effector proteins (Kenny et al. 1996; Abe et al. 1997; McNamara and Donnenberg 1998; Elliott et al. 2001; Tu et al. 2003; Kanack et al. 2005). EHEC also encodes an arsenal of effector proteins located outside of the LEE that are important in EHEC virulence (Campellone et al. 2004; Deng et al. 2004; Garmendia et al. 2004, 2005; Gruenheid et al. 2004; Tobe et al. 2006).
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Kendall MMdoi
10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0_9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
201-13eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
874pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::There is a considerable body of evidence indicating that oxidative stress is a causal factor both in lipofuscinogenesis as well as in aging. Studies on the effects of pro-oxidants and antioxidants on lipofuscin accumulation in cultured rat cardiac myocytes and human glial cells indicated that pro-oxidants accelerate w...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5339-1_2
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their cognate receptors, FGF receptors (FGFRs), play critical roles in a variety of normal developmental and physiological processes. Numerous reports support a role for deregulation of FGF-FGFR signaling, whether it is at the ligand and/or receptor level, in tumor development and ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1_12
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter gives an overview of current methods for the isolation of biosurfactant producing microbes. The common screening methods for biosurfactants are presented. Sampling and isolation of bacteria are the basis for screening of biosurfactant producing microbes. Hydrocarbon-contaminated sites are the most promisi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:KEY POINTS:The beginning of the twenty-first century offered new advances in cancer research, including the expansion of the knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME). Because TMEs provide the niches in which cancer cells, fibroblast, lymphocyte, and immune cells reside, they play a key role in cancer cell devel...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_9
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intact and viable parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell preparations were isolated by enzyme perfusion techniques from young and old rats. The distribution of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin D, acid DNAse, and arylsulphatase B over parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells was de...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0731-1_12
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thromboinflammation is primarily triggered by the humoral innate immune system, which mainly consists of the cascade systems of the blood, i.e., the complement, contact/coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Activation of these systems subsequently induces activation of endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets, fina...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18603-0_1
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect squamous epithelia and can induce hyperproliferative lesions. More than 220 different HPV types have been characterized and classified into five different genera. While mucosal high-risk HPVs have a well-established causal role in anogenital carcinogenesis, the biology of cutaneous...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_10
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the post-genomic era, the first step in any study of protein function is a homology search against the complete genome sequence of the organism of interest. By analogy, if we also wish to elucidate the cadre of signaling and regulatory pathways in the cell, an extremely powerful first step is to construct a complet...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8861-4_3
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied hepatic mitochondria to determine the effects of ethanol in vitro and of chronic ethanol consumption on the temperature dependence (10 degrees-45 degrees C) of a) substrate oxidation, and b) ATP hydrolysis, with or without CCCP. Arrhenius plots showed the characteristic breaks around 20 degrees C both for e...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_34
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_21
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was carboxymethylated at the active site Cys-46 using 90% [1-13C]bromoacetate. The enriched carboxylate resonance was studied in the absence and presence of coenzymes and inhibitors. Previous ambiguities regarding the resonance in the NAD+ complex have now been resolved. However, it i...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_9
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Cannabis sativa plant has been used medicinally and recreationally for thousands of years, but recently only relatively some of its constituents have been identified. There are more than 550 chemical compounds in cannabis, with more than 100 phytocannabinoids being identified, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (TH...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57369-0_1
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stargardt disease (STGD) is one of the most common macular dystrophies in young adults. It progresses slowly. Its prevalence is about 1:8000-10,000. Age of onset is a surrogate marker: The earlier the onset, the more severe the disease course. Onset usually occurs in childhood or early adolescence, at about 10-15 year...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95046-4_27
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin or 5-HT is a biogenic amine present in the carotid body (CB) of several species as evidenced in many immunocytochemical studies and in a few biochemical measurements. Early literature on 5-HT actions in the CB in all studied species has lead to the conclusion that it does not participate in the setting of co...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4584-1_35
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Langmuir trough approach to the study of the physical properties of an in vitro system representing the natural tear lipid-aqueous interface gives useful information on the effect produced by changes of composition of both phases. We found that variations of the composition of the lipid mixture affect more strongl...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_58
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ubiquitin proteasome pathway is one of the major regulatory tools used by eukaryotic cells. The evolutionarily conserved cullin family proteins can assemble as many as >600 distinct E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that regulate diverse cellular pathways. In most of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes, separ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_13
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium (Ca2+) buffering is part of an integrative crosstalk between different mechanisms and elements involved in the control of free Ca2+ ions persistence in the cytoplasm and hence, in the Ca2+-dependence of many intracellular processes. Alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling from systemic to subcellular lev...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_7
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Possible non-transmitter roles for 5-HT in different phases of early neuroembryogenesis have been discussed based upon experimental evidence from the rat and chick. Fluorescence histochemical studies have demonstrated sites of uptake and synthesis of 5-HT in the chick embryo during the first few days of incubation. Th...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3860-4_28
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::These investigations were undertaken to elucidate whether the difference between the time courses of the isometric tension and the velocity of shortening upon releases to a given isotonic load various times during a twitch is due to a change in the kinetics of the individual cross-bridges, i.e. in the rate constants g...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the time of the Hong Kong pandemic of 1968-1969, vaccines against influenza are trivalent, containing two subtypes of influenza type A: A/H1N1/ and A/H3N2/, and influenza type B. In 1980, circulation of the new Yamagata and Victoria lineages of influenza B virus was noted. Since both lineages have continued to ci...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2015_200
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persons suffering from schizophrenia present cognitive impairments that have a major functional impact on their lives. Particularly, executive functions and episodic memory are consistently found to be impaired. Neuroimaging allows the investigation of affected areas of the brain associated with these impairments and,...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_6
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe kyphoscoliosis can cause chronic respiratory failure. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) is a new optional treatment for such patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS) NIMV in patients with kyphoscoliotic chronic respiratory failu...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/5584_2014_68
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical success of gene replacement therapies in recent years has served as a proof of concept for the treatment of inherited retinal degenerations using adeno-associated virus (AAV) as viral vector. However, inherited retinal degenerative diseases showcase a broad genetic and mechanistic heterogeneity, challengi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_10
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer in men with high morbidity and mortality. However, the current treatment with drugs often leads to chemotherapy resistance. It is known that the multi-disciplines research on molecular imaging is very helpful for early diagnosing, staging, restaging and precise t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99286-0_6
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemotherapy is one of the frontline treatments for cancer patients, but the toxic side effects limit its effectiveness and potential. The goal of drug delivery is to reduce these side effects by encapsulating the drugs in a carrier which prevents release and can circulate throughout the body causing minimal damage to...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_14
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Replacement of the single cysteine residue (C192) with serine in the Streptococcus pyogenes extracellular cysteine protease (SCP) prevented auto-catalytic processing of the 40-kDa zymogen to the 28-kDa mature form and eliminated proteolytic activity. SCP incubated with human endothelial cells induced a time- and conce...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1825-3_136
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thanks to recent improvements in NMR instrumentation, pulse sequence design, and sample preparation, a panoply of new NMR tools has become available for atomic resolution characterization of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that are optimized for the particular chemical and spectroscopic properties of these mo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20164-1_3
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy are bringing promising perspectives for the use of stem cells in clinical trials. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of multilineage differentiation and available in numerous sources in the human body. Dental pulp constitutes an attractive sour...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this chapter, we will review studies of HER2 in osteosarcoma and discuss the controversies that have existed in this field. Our present understanding of HER2 in the context of osteosarcoma is that it is expressed on a subset of patient samples, but that expression is not prognostic. We will review the two trials th...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_5
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 12 years, since the first description of C. elegans germ cell apoptosis, this area of research rapidly expanded. It became evident that multiple genetic pathways lead to the apoptotic demise of germ cells. We are only beginning to understand how these pathways that all require the CED-9/Bcl-2, Apaf-1/CED-4...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00